WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

General Physics 1 Grade 12, Quarter 2, Week 3

PERIODIC MOTION

Name: ___________________________________________ Section: ____________________

Learning Objectives:

- Relate the amplitude, frequency, angular frequency, period, displacement, velocity, and
acceleration of oscillating systems (STEM_GP12PMIIc-24)
- Recognize the necessary conditions for an object to undergo simple harmonic motion
(STEM_GP12PMIIc-25)
- Calculate the period and the frequency of spring mass, simple pendulum, and physical
pendulum (STEM_GP12PMIIc-27)
- Differentiate underdamped, overdamped, and critically damped motion
(STEM_GP12PMIId-28)

Specific Objectives:

After the lesson, the students will able to:

1. Define Simple Harmonic Motion.
2. Differentiate underdamped, overdamped and critically damped systems.
3. Solve problems involving simple harmonic motion, simple pendulum and physical
pendulum.

Time Allotment: 4 hours

Key Concepts

 SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (SHM) is an oscillatory motion experienced by an object

displaced by a force from an equilibrium position. SHM can be described in terms of
displacement, velocity and acceleration.
 Restoring force, F, exerted by an ideal spring is expressed in the equation
F = -kx
where k is a spring constant, and x is displacement of the spring.
 From the Newton’s second law of motion,
F = ma
 We can find the acceleration of the body by equating the two equations. Thus,
ma = -kx
−kx
a=
m
 This means that the acceleration of the body is proportional to its displacement from the
equilibrium position. We can then replace k/m by a constant c for a specific object.
 A body whose acceleration is proportional to its displacement from a certain equilibrium
position and opposite to its displacement is said to move in a simple harmonic motion.
 Amplitude is the maximum displacement attained by the body on either side of the
equilibrium which is denoted as A.
 Period (T) of the motion is the time for one complete vibration. The SI unit is second but
sometimes expressed as “seconds per cycle”.
1
T=
f

Author: SHEKAINA FAITH C. LOZADA

School/Station: GAMUT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Division: SURIGAO DEL SUR
email address: shekainah.lozada@deped.gov.ph
  Frequency (f) of the motion refers to the total number of vibrations per unit time. It is
always positive. The SI unit of frequency is the hertz: 1 hertz = 1 Hz = 1 cycle/s = 1 s-1
1 ω
f = or f=
T 2π
 Angular frequency (ω), refers to the complete rotation in a given time, which is expressed
in rad/s. Mathematically, angular frequency is the product of 𝟐𝝅 (one complete cycle) and
the frequency f,
ω = 2πf
 Angular frequency can also be expressed using the formula,
k
ω=√
m
 If the only acting force on the vibrating body is restoring force, then the amplitude remains
constant. When other forces like air resistance and friction are acting on a body, the
amplitude decreases until it reaches zero and more vibration occurs.
 A Simple Pendulum consist of a bob of relatively large mass hanging on a string with a
negligible mass. The string is normally in a vertical position. The bob hangs along a vertical
line and is in equilibrium under the action of two forces, its weight and the tension in the
string.
 When the point mass is pulled to one side of its straight-down equilibrium position and
released, it oscillates about the equilibrium position.
 The path of the point mass (sometimes called as pendulum bob) is not a straight line but
the arc of a circle with radius L equal to the length of the string. We use as our coordinate
the distance s or x measured along the arc.

Fig. 1. An idealized simple pendulum

 In Fig. 1, we represent the forces on the mass in terms of tangential and radial components.
The restoring force Fθ is the tangential component of the net force:
F𝜃 = −𝑚𝑔 sin 𝜃
 The restoring force is provided by gravity. The tension T acts to make the point mass move
in arc. The restoring force is proportional not to θ but to sin θ, so the motion is not a simple
harmonic. However, if the angle is small, sin θ is very nearly equal to θ in radians. Thus
Fθ = −mg sin θ
Fθ = −mgθ
x mg
Fθ = −mg = − x
L L
 The restoring force is then proportional to the coordinate for small displacements and force
constant is k = mg/L.
 The angular frequency (ω) of a simple pendulum with small amplitude is
k mg/L g
ω= √ =√ = √
m m L
 The corresponding frequency and period relationships are
ω 1 g
f= = √
2π 2π L
2π L
T= = 2π√
ω g

Author: SHEKAINA FAITH C. LOZADA

School/Station: GAMUT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Division: SURIGAO DEL SUR
email address: shekainah.lozada@deped.gov.ph
  A physical pendulum is anybody suspended from an axis of rotation. The angular frequency
and period for small-amplitude oscillations are independent of amplitude, but dependent
on the mass m, distance d from the axis of rotation to the center of gravity and moment of
inertia I about the axis.
mgd
ω=√
I
2π I
T= = 2π√
ω mgd
 Damping refers to the decrease in amplitude. An object oscillates with a constant
amplitude. In the presence of friction or some other energy-dissipating mechanism, energy
dissipates, so the amplitude of oscillation decreases as time passes.
 Critical damping is the condition in which the damping of an oscillator causes it to return
as quickly as possible to its equilibrium position without oscillating back and forth about
this position.
 Over damping is the condition in which damping of an oscillator causes it to return to
equilibrium without oscillating; oscillator moves more slowly toward equilibrium than in
the critically damped system.
 Under damping is the condition in which damping of an oscillator causes it to return to
equilibrium with the amplitude gradually decreasing to zero; system returns to equilibrium
faster but overshoots and crosses the equilibrium position one or more times.

Activity No. 1: The Swinging Pendulum

What you need:

 5 nails of same mass (#2)
 5 lengths of straw string (20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm, 100 cm)
 Stand
 Protractor
 Meterstick or ruler
 Stopwatch

What to do:
1. Prepare the materials needed.

2. Suspend the 5 nails of same mass (#2) with a string using each lengths indicated from the
point of suspension to the center of the objects.

|
| L
|
|
|θ

3. Pull the objects sideways making an angle of 15º from the vertical and release them
carefully. Using a stopwatch, measure the time for making 10 cycles. Calculate the time
for one cycle. This will give the period of the pendulum. Denote the period by the letter T.

Author: SHEKAINA FAITH C. LOZADA

School/Station: GAMUT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Division: SURIGAO DEL SUR
email address: shekainah.lozada@deped.gov.ph
 4. Construct the following data table.
Length of the string (cm) Time for 10 cycles (s) Period (s)

5. Answer the following questions.

a. Make a plot of the length L versus T. Interpret the graph.
b. Would you say that L is directly proportional to T?
c. Explain your results and state your conclusion.

Activity No. 2: Simple Harmonic Motion

What you need:

 Paper and pen
 Scientific Calculator

What to do: Solve the following problems. Write your solutions in a separate sheet of paper.

1. A spring is mounted horizontally, with its left end held stationary. By attaching a spring
balance to the free end and pulling toward the right, the stretching force is proportional to
the displacement and that a force of 6.0 N causes a displacement of 0.030 m. We remove
the spring balance and attach a 0.50-kg glider to the end, pull it a distance of 0.020 m along
a frictionless air track, release it and watch it oscillate.
a. Find the force constant of the spring.
b. Find the angular frequency, frequency and period of oscillation.
2. When a body of unknown mass is attached to an ideal spring with the force constant 120
N/m, it is found to vibrate with a frequency of 6.00 Hz.
a. Find the period of the motion.
b. Find the angular frequency.
c. Find the mass of the body.
3. When a 0.750-kg mass oscillates on an ideal spring, the frequency is 1.33 Hz. What will be
the frequency be if 0.220 kg are:
a. added to the original mass?
b. subtracted from the original mass?
Solve this without finding the force constant of the spring.

Activity No. 3: Simple and Physical Pendulum

What you need:

 Paper and pen
 Scientific Calculator

What to do: Solve the following problems. Write your solutions in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Find the period and frequency of a simple pendulum 1.000 m long on the surface of
Earth where g = 9.8 m/s2.

Author: SHEKAINA FAITH C. LOZADA

School/Station: GAMUT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Division: SURIGAO DEL SUR
email address: shekainah.lozada@deped.gov.ph
 2. An apple weighs 1.00 N when you hang it from the end of a long spring of force constant
1.50 N/m and negligible mass, it bounces up and down in SHM. If you stop the bouncing
and let the apple swing from side to side through a small angle, the frequency of this
simple pendulum is half the bounce frequency. What is the unstretched length of the
spring (with the apple removed)?
3. A 1.80-kg connecting rod from a car engine is pivoted about a horizontal knife edge. The
center of gravity of the rod was located by balancing and is 0.200 m from the pivot. When
the rod is set into small-amplitude oscillations, it makes 100 complete swings in 120 s.
Calculate the moment of inertia of the rod about the rotation axis through the pivot.

Activity No. 4: Damped Harmonic Motion

What you need:

 Paper and pen

What to do: Identify the following whether it represents an underdamped, overdamped or critical
damping system. Write you answers in a separate sheet of paper.
1. A stringed musical instrument
2. A diving board/diver system
3. Toilet flush button
4. Studio Speakers
5. Automobile shock absorber
6. Public transportation braking system
7. Automatic door closers
8. Pendulum
9. Ripples forming and colliding in a pond
10. Door closed without oscillating

Reflection

Give practical applications of the concepts that you have learned from the learning
activities. Write your 5-sentence answer in a separate sheet of paper.
RUBRICS
3 2 1 0
Practical application is Practical application is Practical application No discussion.
scientifically explained scientifically explained is explained
consistent to the consistent to the consistent to the
concepts, and concepts, but with concepts but with
has no misconceptions. minimal misconceptions. misconceptions.

References for learners:

Glancolli, Douglas. Physics Principles and Applications 6th ed. New Jersey: Pearson
Education, Inc. 2005.

Caintic, Helen E. General Physics 1 for Senior High School. C & E Publishing Inc., 2017.

Serway, Raymond and John Jewett. Physics for Scientists and Engineers 6th ed. Thomson
Brooks/Cole, 2004.

Young, Hugh D., Roger A. Freedman, A. Lewis Ford, and Hugh D. Young. Sears and
Zemansky's University Physics. 13th ed. Boston, MA: Pearson Learning Solutions,
2012.

Author: SHEKAINA FAITH C. LOZADA

School/Station: GAMUT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Division: SURIGAO DEL SUR
email address: shekainah.lozada@deped.gov.ph
 email address: shekainah.lozada@deped.gov.ph
Division: SURIGAO DEL SUR
School/Station: GAMUT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Author: SHEKAINA FAITH C. LOZADA
Activity 4: Damped Harmonic Motion
1. Underdamped 6. Overdamped
2. Underdamped 7. Critical Damping
3. Overdamped 8. Underdamped
4. Critical Damping 9. Underdamped
5. Critical Damping 10. Overdamped
Activity 2: Simple Activity 3: Simple and Physical
Harmonic Motion Pendulum!
1. a. k = 200 kg/s2 1. T = 2.007 s
b. ω = 20 rad/s f = 0.4983 Hz
f = 3.2 Hz 2. L = 2.67 m
T = 0.31 s 3. I = 0.129 kg m2
2. a. 0.617 s
b. ω = 37.7 rad/s Activity 1: The Swinging Pendulum
c. m = 0.0844 kg
4. Data for Table: Answers vary
3. a. f = 1.17 Hz 5. a. Answers vary
b. f = 1.58 Hz b. Yes
c. Answers vary
Answer Key