General

Chemistry 1 11
General Chemistry 1 – Grade 11
Quarter 1 – Module 16: Stoichiometry II.

1
 Quarter 1
Self -Learning Module 16

Stoichiometry II.

Welcome to the Chemistry 1 Self-Learning Module 16 on Stoichiometry II.

 E X P E C T A T I O NS

This module is developed and designed for Senior High School Science,
Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) students. This module tackles
the topics about stoichiometry II.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. explain the concepts behind stoichiometry;

2. construct mole or mass ratios for a reaction in order to calculate the amount of
reactant needed or amount of product formed in terms of mass
3. appreciate the essence of stoichiometry in our daily life

L E S S ON

Filipino youth have an average height of 5 feet. Like you, they may probably
know their height in feet and in inches but may not be in meters. This requires
your knowledge in conversion factors especially when you experience filling in
forms that would require your height in meters. The conversion factor of meter to
feet is this: 1 meter is equivalent to 3.28 ft. So, you get the height in meters by
dividing feet by
3.28.

Likewise, in chemical reactions the mole of the substances can be converted to

mass or vice versa by using a conversion factor but properly termed as
stoichiometric ratios. You already used stoichiometric ratios in the previous lesson,
involving moles of the reactants and products. This time we will involve mass of the
substances in a chemical reaction.

Consider the production of ammonia by the reaction of hydrogen gas and

nitrogen gas:
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⟶ 2NH3 (g)
a. How many grams of NH3 will be produced if 20.92 moles H2 react completely with
N2?
b. How many grams of N2 are needed to produce 17.1 moles NH3?

Strategy:
The balanced equation says that 3 moles H2 are stoichiometrically equivalent to 1 mole
N2 and to 2 moles NH3. The ratio of moles H2 to moles NH3 is 3:2; the ratio of moles N2
to moles NH3 is 1:2. We also need the molar mass of both NH3 and N2 to obtain the
answer in grams
Solution:

moles NH 𝑔 𝑁𝐻
a. 20.92 moles H2 × ×= 𝟏𝟔𝟗.𝟐 𝐠 𝐍𝐇𝟑
moles H2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝐻3

mole N 𝑔N
b. 17.9 moles NH3 × ×= 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝐠 𝐍𝟐
moles NH3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 N2

Let’s try to answer another problem involving stoichiometric calculations.

A. Determine the mass of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) required to synthesize 54 g
of magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 .

B. How many grams of sodium chloride (NaCl) is produced from 212.9 g

magnesium chloride (MgCl2)?
MgCl2 (aq) + 2NaOH(aq) ⟶ Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2NaCl(aq) Strategy:
For this problem, we need to take note the mole and mass ratios that exist between
the reactants and product. Based on the balanced reaction of the given problem, 2
moles of NaOH are stoichiometrically equivalent to 1 mole Mg(OH) 2. Another
relationship exists that 1 mole of MgCl 2 is stoichiometrically equivalent to 2 moles
NaCl. To answer this problem let us follow this flow chart:

Mass of Mole of
reactant reactant
To convert
use m olar
m ass
To convert use m ole
ratio

Mass (g) of Moles of

product product
To convert
use molar

mass

Solution:

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 (𝑀𝑔𝑂𝐻)2 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 40.0 𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻

 𝐴 .54 (𝑀𝑔𝑂𝐻)2 × × × = 74 𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
58.3 𝑔 (𝑀𝑔𝑂𝐻)2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 (𝑀𝑔𝑂𝐻)2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑀𝑔𝐶𝑙2 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 58.44 𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
𝐵 . 212.9 𝑔 𝑀𝑔𝐶𝑙2 × × × = 617. 5𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
40.30 𝑔 𝑀𝑔𝑂 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑀𝑔𝐶𝑙2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙

Activity 1. Direction: Solve the following problems by supplying the missing mass
or mole ratios and compute for final answer.

1. Gallium oxide is known for its role in manufacturing of semiconductor

devices. It can be synthesized by reacting gallium metal (Ga) with oxygen gas (O 2)
as shown by this chemical equation: 4 Ga + 3O2 →2Ga2O3

What mass of gallium oxide, Ga2O3, can be prepared from 39.0 g of gallium metal?

𝐴 𝐵 187.44 𝑔 𝐺𝑎2𝑂3
39.0 𝑔 𝐺𝑎 × × × = _____𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝐺𝑎2𝑂3 (𝐸)
67.92 𝑔 𝐺𝑎 𝐶 𝐷

2. Combustion of octane, one of the principal components of gasoline, is

usually present in automobile engines of cars as shown by this reaction:
2C8H18 + 25O2 ⟶ 16 CO2 + 18 H2O

How many grams of carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced if 703 g of octane is

consumed?
𝐹 𝐺 44.01 𝑔 𝐶𝑂2
703 𝑔 𝐶8𝐻18 × × × = __𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝐶𝑂2 (𝐽)
114.23 𝑔 𝐶8𝐻18 𝐻 𝐼

Activity 2. Directions: Perform the needed calculations for these problems. Show
your complete calculations in a clean sheet of paper. Encircle your final answer

1.Calculate the mass of potassium metal needed to produce 10.45 g of solid

potassium hydride(KH). Molar mass: K=39.09 g/mol KH=40.11 g/mol

2K(s) + H2 (g) ⟶ 2KH (s)

2. The combustion of methanol CH3OH) in internal combustion engines

produces water and carbon dioxide according to the reaction shown below:
2CH3OH + 3O2 ⟶ 2CO2 + 4H2O
If 89.2 g of methanol are used up in a combustion process, what is the mass of
H2O produced? Molar Mass: CH3OH =32.04 g/mol H2O=18.01 g/mol

3. Propane (C3H8), a hydrocarbon known for its used as fuel for cooking and
home heating. Consider the following chemical equation: C 3H8 + 5O2 ⟶ 3CO2 +
4H2O
Determine the mass of CO 2 is produced in the combustion of 118 g of propane?
Molar Mass: C3H8=44.1 g/mol CO2=44.01 g/mol

4. Determine the mass of silver metal formed when a 56.2 g strip of zinc metal
is placed in enough aqueous silver nitrate solution. Molar Mass: Zn=65.38 g/mol
Ag=107.87 g/mol
Zn + 2 AgNO3(aq) ⟶ 2Ag(s) +Zn(NO3)2

POSTTEST
Choose and write the letter of the best answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which conversion factor do you use to calculate the grams of CO 2 produced by
the reaction of 170.2 g of C6H12O6 with O2?
A.1 mol CO2 /18 g CO2
B. 1 mol C6H12O6 / 2 mol CO2
C. 1 mol C6H12O6 / 180.156 g C6H12O6
D. 162.2 g C6H12O6/2 mol CO2

2. Which of the following must be done first before solving stoichiometric

problems?
A. Check if the equation is balanced.
B. Check if the mole ratios are correct.
C. Check if the molar mass is correctly calculated
D. Check if the rules in significant figure is applied.

3. It is the area of study in chemistry that examines the quantities of substances

consumed or produced in a chemical reaction?
A. Titration B. Thermochemistry
C. Stoichiometry D. Thermodynamics
4. In this reaction, if 12 g of aluminum oxide are consumed, how many grams of
oxygen gas are produced? 2 Al2O3 → 4 Al + 3 O2? Al2O3=101.96 g/mol
O2= 15.99 g/mol
A. 2.1 g B. 3.1 g
C. 6.1 g D. 8.1 g
5. In the reaction CaH2 + 2H2O (g) → Ca(OH)2 + 2H2, what is the mole ratio that
exists between water and hydrogen gas?
A. 1:1 B. 1:2 C. 2:1 D. 2:2