Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

SHS

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2
2nd Semester - Module 2
TYPES OF SOLIDS,
PHASE CHANGES AND DIAGRAMS

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
General Chemistry 2 – Grade 11/12
Support Material for Independent Learning Engagement (SMILE)
Module 2: Types of Solids, Phase Change and Diagrams
First Edition, 2021

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Development Team of the Module

Writers: Mahal B. Rosel, Areen Joy P. Estera
Editor: Zyhrine P. Mayormita
Reviewers: Israeli M. Cuizon, Zyhrine P. Mayormita
Layout Artist: Chris Raymund M. Bermudo
Management Team: Virgilio P. Batan Jr. - Schools Division Superintendent
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Ronillo S. Yarag - Education Program Supervisor, LRMS
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 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written in a way that suits your understanding
and needs. It is here to help you acquire mastery in differentiating the structure of
solids, interpreting phase diagram and explaining heating and cooling curve of a
substance. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations.

Objectives:
1. describe the difference in structure of crystalline and amorphous solids
(MELCs: STEM_GC11IMFIIIa-c-104)
2. Interpret the phase diagram of water and carbon dioxide
(MELCs: STEM_GC11IMFIIIa-c-107)
3. determine and explain the heating and cooling curve of a substance
(MELCs: STEM_GC11IMFIIIa-c-109)

What's In
In the previous week, you learned about the different intermolecular forces of
attraction. Can you still remember your lesson? Let us find out how far can you
remember your lessons in the first activity.

Activity 1: Intermolecular Forces

Directions: Read carefully the descriptions and clues given in each box. It will lead
you to identify what specific type of Intermolecular Force is being described.

1 2
This type of intermolecular force relates to the Occurs in polar molecules, where dipoles are
big difference in the electronegativities. It exists permanently present. The force of attraction is
when N, O or F atom attracts with hydrogen weak. Exhibited in HCl - HCl interaction of
atom. Medium strength of attraction is molecules.
exhibited.
_________________________
________________________

3 4
The strongest attraction among all types of
intermolecular forces. Exists between an ionic Presence of dipoles are temporary and
substance in a polar solution. Example is when attraction is very weak. Exists in halogens and
crystal salts (ionic) are mixed with water (polar). noble gases. Increase in the atomic size results
to increase of boiling point
______________________ ______________________

Arrange the order of strength of the different Intermolecular Forces:

________________>________________>________________>________________

1
 Very well done! Intermolecular Forces are the forces that exist between
neighboring molecules. From your previous lesson, you had encountered the different
types of intermolecular forces. Which is the strongest among them? How about the
weakest? The lesson that you had has a lot to do with our new lesson for this week.
Are you ready? Let's start!

What's New
Lesson 1: CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS and AMORPHOUS SOLIDS

Solid from what you have learned in

Junior High School is one of the phases of
matter. You mastered that solids have a
more organized pattern arrangement of their
particles than liquids and gases. Did you
know that there are two main categories of
solids? Yes, there are two types of solids!
They can be classified as Crystalline solids
and Amorphous solids. Source: https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/app/
Amorphous solids are any uploads/sites/25/2016/05/CNX_Chem_10_05
_TypesSol.jpg
noncrystalline solid in which the atoms and
molecules are not organized in a definite pattern. In contrast, crystalline solids, or
crystals, have distinctive internal structures that lead to distinctive flat surfaces or
faces. The faces intersect at angles that are characteristic of the substance.

Refer to the flow chart for the summary on the classification of solids.

Source: https://byjus.com/chemistry/classification-of-solids-based-on-crystal-structure/

Let us see if you can identify the solid described in each item in Activity 2 by
the name and classification of solids in the flow chart.

2
Activity 2: Amorphous Solids vs. Crystalline Solids
A. Directions: Categorize the following physical properties of solids by writing "A"
for Amorphous Solids and "C" for Crystalline Solids on the space provided.
_____ 1. Pseudo-solids or super-cooled liquids.
_____ 2. Particles are arranged in a repeating pattern. They have a regular and ordered
arrangement resulting in a definite shape.
_____ 3. They have a sharp melting point.
_____ 4. They do not have definite heat of fusion.
_____ 5. Isotropic in nature. This means that magnitude of the physical properties is
the same along with all directions of the solid.
_____ 6. Anisotropic in nature. This means that the magnitude of physical properties
(such as refractive index, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity etc) is
different along with the crystal's different directions.
_____ 7. When cutting with a sharp edge, the two new halves will have smooth surfaces.
_____ 8. When cutting with a sharp edge, the two resulting halves will have irregular
surfaces.
_____ 9. They are rigid solids, and applying mild forces will not distort their shape.
_____ 10. They are not rigid, so that that mild effects may change the shape.

B. Directions: Complete the table by describing the differences between the two kinds
of solids. You may refer to Activity 2A.

Type of Solids
Physical Properties
Amorphous Crystalline

Nature

Geometry

Melting

Heat of Fusion (The

change in enthalpy when
a substance is heated to
change its state from solid
to liquid.)

Isotropism

Cleavage

Rigidity

You may recall that phases of matter change when exposed to different factors.
The processes behind these changes include evaporation, condensation, freezing, and
melting. What process is involved when a liquid turns to gas? In the next activities,
you are going to step up on the ladder of your learning about the phase changes matter
undergoes. You will also learn new processes: sublimation and deposition.

3
 Lesson 2: PHASE CHANGES AND PHASE DIAGRAM

Activity 3: Phase Diagrams

Directions: You may choose to color the diagram to your liking as long as it will lead
you to understand it better. Also, unleash your creativity in giving the diagram a name.
Make it concise yet catchy, and it should wrap everything that is seen in the diagram.
Moreover, answer the following Guide Questions provided right below each diagram.

Name of Diagram:

A. ________________________________

Questions:
1. What do you think happens at Point B?
________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. Based on the diagram, explain how sublimation takes place?
________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. Based on the diagram, explain how deposition takes place?
________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. Based on the diagram, what are the factors that affect the phase changes of
matter?
________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

B.__________________________ C.____________________________
_________________ _____________

4
Questions:
1. Indicate the triple points of diagrams B and C.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. Indicate the boiling points of diagrams B and C?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. Indicate the freezing points of diagrams B and C?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

In contrast to the phase diagram of water, the phase diagram of CO 2 (Figure C

of Question 4 in Activity 3) has a more typical melting curve, sloping up and to the
right. The triple point is −56.6°C and 5.11 atm, which means that liquid CO 2 cannot
exist at pressures lower than 5.11 atm. At 1 atm, therefore, solid CO 2 sublimes directly
to the vapor while maintaining a temperature of −78.5°C, the normal sublimation
temperature. Solid CO2 is generally known as dry ice because it is a cold solid with no
liquid phase observed when it is warmed.

Activity 4: Heating and Cooling Curves of a Substance

D.__________________________________ E._________________________________
__

Questions:
1. Which of the two graphs shows a heating curve? Graph D or Graph E? _________
2. Which of the two graphs shows a cooling curve? Graph D or Graph E? _________
3. Which process releases heat? ___________________
3. Which process absorbs heat? ___________________

How was your activity? Did you enjoy answering the activities? Or was it a little
confusing? Read on and learn more about solids. After reading, you may go over and
review your answers in the activities that you just had.

What Is It
TYPES AND PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

Amorphous Solids have fixed shape and volume; however their particles are
not arranged in regular geometric patterns. The term 'amorphous,' in Greek roots,
translates to "without form". They are referred to as "supercooled liquids" since this
type of solids appears to have been cooled at very low temperatures, and their viscosity
are very high, preventing the flow of the liquid.

5
 During the cooling process, the particles are trapped in the disarranged
characteristic manner of liquids. Many polymers are amorphous solids. Examples of
amorphous solids are glass, rubber, gels, some plastics, and nanostructured
materials.

Crystalline Solids referred to as "true solids," are solids with highly ordered
arrangements of particles (atoms, ions, and molecules) in microscopic structures. The
latter make up a crystal lattice that accounts for the structure of the solid. Examples
of crystalline solids include salt (sodium chloride), diamond, and sodium nitrate.

There are four types of crystalline solids, namely: Ionic Solids, Covalent Solids,
Molecular Solids, and Metallic Solids.

Ionic solids have positive and negative

ions held together by electrostatic
attractions, which can be quite strong. It
accounts for the high melting points many
ionic crystals have. Although ionic solids are
hard, they also tend to be brittle, and they
shatter rather than bend. Ionic solids do not The atomic arrangements in (A) a crystalline
solid, (B) an amorphous solid
conduct electricity, but once it is molten or Source: @1998 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
dissolved, it may be a good conductor since
their ions are free to move. Examples of this type of solids are sodium chloride and
nickel oxide.

A covalent solid contains a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded

atoms. Some solids form covalent bonds resulting in the formation of molecules.
However, in some instances, molecules may not form but rather covalent networks
that extend throughout the solid crystals.
These covalent solids are very hard, have high
melting points, and often low thermal
conductivity. The structures of diamond and
graphite explain these observed properties.
Graphite is an exceptional example, composed
of planar sheets of covalent crystals held
together in layers by noncovalent forces. Unlike
Structure of (A) diamond and (B) graphite
typical covalent solids, graphite is very soft and Source: https://www.quora.com/Can-the-existence-of-
isotopes-explain-the-difference-in-properties-between-diamond-
electrically conductive. and-graphite

Molecular solids are soft, have low to moderately high melting points, and have
poor thermal and electrical conductivity. The particles of this type of solids are either
composed of atoms or molecules held together by intermolecular forces. The strengths
of the attractive forces between the units present in different crystals in molecular
solids vary widely. Small symmetrical molecules (nonpolar molecules), such as H 2, N2,
O2, and F2, have weak attractive forces and form molecular solids with very low melting
points (below −200 °C). On the other hand, molecular solids composed of molecules
with permanent dipole moments (polar molecules) melt at higher temperatures.
Examples of molecular solids include ice that melts at 0 °C and table sugar that melts
at 185 °C.

Metallic crystals are often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei

within a "sea" of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held
together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful
and varied metallic properties. This type of solids has high thermal and electrical
conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many are very hard and quite strong.

6
 A solid substance may change into another phase under certain conditions.
These phase changes are better shown in a graphical way known as diagrams, which
show the effects of pressure and temperature on a specific phase of matter

PHASE CHANGES AND PHASE DIAGRAMS

The transformation of matter from one phase to another is what we call phase
change. It always involves absorption or release of heat.

The illustration shows the different phase changes of matter. You even have
already encountered some of these processes in the lower grade levels.

Evaporation and melting processes

absorb heat in order to change material from
one phase to another. On the other hand,
condensation and freezing involve the release
of heat to change the phase of the material.
Sublimation is the process of changing the
phase of a substance from solid to gas
without passing the liquid phase. It involves
the absorption of heat. Deposition is the
process of changing the phase of a substance
from gas to solid, and the change involves the
release of heat.

Shown is the general shape for a phase

Source: Chemistry the Central Science p. 413wn pp. diagram exhibiting three states or phases of
413) matter (solid, liquid, and gas). Factors that affect
phase change are pressure and temperature. Point B is the Triple Point. It is
the point at which all three distinct phases of matter (solid, liquid, gas) coexist. Any
other point on the three curves represents an equilibrium between two phases.
The segment between Point B and Point C is where evaporation or condensation
takes place. The line is the vapor-pressure curve of the liquid. At any point in this
segment (considering pressure and temperature), the substance is at equilibrium
between the liquid and gas phases. This curve ends at Point C known as the Critical
Point. It is the point in temperature and pressure on a phase diagram where the
liquid and gaseous phases of a substance merge together into a single phase. Beyond
this point, the liquid and gas phase become indistinguishable.

The diagram above shows the phase change of (a) Water (H2O) and
(b) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Source: Chemistry the Central Science page 413wn pp. 413)

7
 The gas phase is the most stable at low pressure and temperature. Solid phase
is stable upon extending to low temperature and high pressures, while the stability of
liquid phase lies between the range of the other two regions of the solid and gas
phases.

The triple point of water is represented by the letter A (0.00980C, 4.58 torr).
The normal melting or freezing point of water is represented by the letter B (00C, 1.00
atm while the normal boiling point is represented by the letter C (1000C, 1.00 atm).
The critical point is represented by the letter D (3740C, 218 atm). On the other hand,
the triple point of CO2 is represented by the letter X (-56.40C, 5.11 atm). Its normal
sublimation point is represented by the letter Y (-78.50C, 1.00 atm), and the critical
point is represented by the letter C (-31.10C, 73.0 atm).

HEATING AND COOLING CURVES

The Graphs show (a) Heating Curve and (b) Cooling Curve.
Source: General Chemistry 2 Textbook page 18 - 19

A typical heating curve for a substance shows changes in temperature that

result as the substance absorbs increasing amounts of heat. Plateaus in the curve
(regions of constant temperature) are exhibited when the substance undergoes phase
transitions.

Graph (a) generally shows an increase in temperature as the substance changes

from solid to liquid and then to gas. Melting and evaporation require the absorption
of heat for the process to take place. Graph (b) on the other hand, shows a decrease
in temperature indicating the release of heat as the processes involved take place.
Condensation and freezing involve the release of heat as the substance changes from
one phase to another phase.

Segment B shows a constant temperature despite the continued input of heat

(from an external heat source). As the solid melts, its temperature does not rise. All of
the energy that is being put into the solid substance goes into the melting process and
not into any increase in temperature. During the melting process, the two phases –
solid and liquid coexist and are in equilibrium with one another.

Continued heating of the substance after it has completely melted will now
increase the kinetic energy of the liquid molecules and the temperature will start to
rise (segment C). Assuming that the atmospheric pressure is standard, the
temperature will rise steadily until it reaches 100°C. At this point, the added energy
from the heat will cause the liquid to begin to vaporize.

8
 As with the previous phase change, the temperature will remain at 100°C while
the water molecules are going from the liquid to the gas or vapor state (Segmet D).
Once all the liquid has completely boiled away, continued heating of the steam
(remember the container is closed) will increase its temperature above 100°C (Segment
E).

What's More
Activity 5. Crystalline Solids
Direction: Identify the type of crystalline solid (metallic, network covalent, ionic, or
molecular) formed by each of the following substances.
__________1. CaCl2 __________6. CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 3
__________2. SiC __________7. HCl
__________3. N2 __________8. NH4NO3
__________4. Fe __________9. K3PO4
__________5. C (graphite) __________10. SiO2

Explain why ice, which is a crystalline solid, has a melting temperature of 0 °C,
whereas butter, which is an amorphous solid, softens over a range of temperatures.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Activity 6. Phase Diagrams
Directions: At Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP), Bromine (Br2) is in the
liquid phase. It undergoes sublimation once it reaches -250C and a pressure of 101.3
kPa. Please refer to the phase diagram of Bromine below and use the diagram to
answer the questions that follow.

1. Label each region in the diagram as solid, liquid, or gas.

2. Label the triple point on the diagram. What are the temperature and pressure of
the triple point? _______________________
3. At what point will Bromine turns into solid? ______________________

9
4. At what point will Bromine turns into liquid? ______________________
5. at what point will Bromine turns into a gas? ______________________

What I Can Do
Activity 7: Perfect Match
Directions: Read each statement below and decide whether it is TRUE or FALSE.

_______1. Phase change neither involves absorption nor release of heat.

_______2. The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which
the three phases of that substance co-exist.
_______3. Ionic, covalent, molecular, and metallic solids are classified as crystalline
solids.
_______4. Crystalline solids and amorphous solids are the major categories of solids.
_______5. A cooling curve is a line graph that represents the change of phase of
matter, typically from a gas to a solid or a liquid to a solid.

Assessment
Direction: Write your answer clearly in the space provided before the number.

_____1. What type of solids is made up of unlike charge of particles and later results
in the formation of electrostatic force?
A. Ionic Solids C. Molecular Solids
B. Covalent Solids D. Metallic Solids
_____2. These are solids which particles are arranged in regular geometric patterns.
A. Crystalline Solids C. Melted Solids
B. Amorphous Solids D. Frozen Solids
_____3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the triple point?
A. A substance can exist in all of the different states depending on
temperature and pressure.
B. A substance can exist in all of the different states depending on
temperature.
C. A substance can exist in all of the different states depending on
pressure.
D. A substance cannot exist in all of the different states regardless of
temperature and pressure.
_____4. Some solids have fixed shapes and volume but their particles are not
arranged in regular geometric patterns. What type of solid is described?
A. Crystalline Solids C. Melted Solids
B. Amorphous Solids D. Frozen Solids
_____5. The following are crystalline solids EXCEPT?
A. Ionic Solids C. Metallic Solids
B. Covalent solids D. Amorphous Solids
_____6. Which of the following is a/are characteristic/s of an amorphous solid?
I. Pseudo-solids or super-cooled liquids.
II. Particles are arranged randomly. They do not have an ordered
arrangement resulting in irregular shapes.
III. They do not have definite heat of fusion.
IV. They are rigid solids and applying mild forces will not distort their
shape.

10
 A. I & II only C. All of the situations given
B. All choices EXCEPT IV D. None of the situations given

For questions Nos. 7 to 9 refer to the Phase Diagram above and the following
choices:
A. At any point on that specific line, the substance is both solid and liquid
B. At any point on that specific line, the substance is both solid and gas
C. At any point on that specific line, the substance is both liquid and gas
D. At any point on that specific line, the substance is solid, liquid, and gas

_____7. What does the line from Point B to Point D indicate?

_____8. What does the line from Point B to Point C indicate?
_____9. What does the line from Point A to Point B indicate?

_____10. What happens at the critical point?

I. The vapor pressure curve ends at this point.
II. The temperature above where the gas cannot be liquefied no matter
how much pressure is applied
III. The substance at this point cannot be distinguished as a liquid or a
gas
IV. The condition of temperature and pressure where all phases of
matter exist in equilibrium
A. I & II only C. All of the situations given
B. All choices EXCEPT IV D. None of the situations given

For numbers 11 - 15 refer to the Phase

Diagram for an unknown compound X
_____11. What is the critical temperature of
compound X?
A. ~400 0C
B. ~500 0C
C. ~770 0C
D. ~800 0C
_____12. If you were to have compound X in
your room for quite some time, what do you
think the phase of the compound could be?
A. It is most likely a solid
B. It is most likely a liquid
C. It is most likely a gas
D. All of the choices since it is at
equilibrium.

11
_____13. At what temperature and pressure will all phases (solid, liquid, and gas)
coexist?
A. ~51 atm, 3500C
B. 3500C, ~61 atm
C. ~51 atm, 4000C
D. 3500C, ~51 atm
_____14. If I have compound X at 100 0C and 45 atm, what do you think will happen
if I raise the temperature to 400 0C? It will undergo _________________.
A. condensation
B. deposition
C. evaporation
D. sublimation
_____15.Why can’t compound X be boiled at 200 0C? It’s because it only forms liquid
when it __________________________________________.
A. reaches above 3500C temperature.
B. reaches above 3000C temperature.
C. reaches above 2500C temperature.
D. reaches above 3100C temperature.

Additional Activities
Build Me Up.
Directions: Use the given template to point out the angular and side length differences
that characterize the cubic, triclinic, and rhombohedral crystal systems.

Objective:
To use models to point out the angular and side length differences that
characterize the cubic, triclinic, and rhombohedral crystal systems.

Materials: template of cubic, triclinic and rhombohedral crystal system

Cubic Crystal Template

All axes are of equal length. All axes are at 90° to one another.

12
Triclinic Crystal Template
All axes are of variable lengths and angles.

Rhombohedral Crystal Template

All the axes are equal. All axes are at angles other than 90°.

A. If you want more activities about Phase Diagram, you may download from PhET
Simulations. There are a lot of fun science games in it. Choose Phase diagram and you
will arrive with this screenshot picture. You can manipulate the pressure and heat
value and see the changes in the phase diagram. Enjoy exploring the game!

13
 Source: PhET Simulationsn pp. 413)
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

14
Answer Key General Chemistry 2 Module 2

What’s In? (Activity 1)

1. Hydrogen Bonding
2. Dipole - Dipole Forces
3. Ion - Dipole Forces
4. London Dispersion Forces

Ion-Dipole Forces > Hydrogen Bonding > Dipole - Dipole Forces > London Dispersion
Forces

What’s New? (Activity 2)

A. 1. A 6. C
2. C 7. C
3. C 8. A
4. A 9. C
5. A 10. A

B.
Types of Solid
Physical Properties
Crystalline Amorphous
Nature True Solids. Pseudo-solids or super-cooled
liquids.
Geometry Particles are arranged in a Particles are arranged randomly.
repeating pattern. They have a They do not have an ordered
regular and ordered arrangement arrangement resulting in
resulting in a definite shape. irregular shapes.

Melting They have a sharp melting point.
Heat of Fusion They have definite heat of
fusion.
Isotropism Anisotropic in nature. i.e., the
magnitude of physical
properties (such as refractive
index, electrical conductivity,
thermal conductivity
etc) is different along with
different directions of the
crystal.
Cleavage When cutting with a sharp edge,
the two new halves will have
smooth surfaces.
Rigidity They are rigid solids and
applying mild forces will not
distort its shape.
They do not have sharp melting
points. The solid tends to soften
gradually over a temperature
range.
They do not have definite heat of
fusion.
Isotropic in nature, i.e., the
magnitude of the physical
properties is the same along with
all directions of the solid.
When cutting with a sharp edge,
the two resulting halves will
have irregular surfaces.
They are not rigid, so mild
effects may change the
shape.

15
Activity 3
A. Phase Diagram (Answers vary)
1. Triple pt happens at point B
2. Sublimation is the change of phase from solid to gas
3. Deposition is the change of phase from gas to solid
4. Based from the diagram, the factors that affects the phase change of matter are the presence of both
pressure and temperature
B. Phase Diagram of H2O (Answers vary)
C. Phase Diagram of CO2 (Answers vary)
1. Triple Pt. (Diagram B) = Pt. A (0.00980C, 4.58 torr)
Triple Pt. (Diagram C) = Pt. X (-56.40 C, 5.11 atm)
2. Boiling Pt. (Diagram B) = Pt. C (1000C, 1.00 atm)
Boiling Pt. (Diagram C) = Pt. Z (31.10C, 73.0 atm)
3. Freezing Pt. (Diagram B) = Pt. B (00C, 1.00 atm)
Freezing Pt. (Diagram C) = Pt. Y (-780C, 1.00 atm)
Activity 4
Phase Diagram (Answers vary)
1. Graph D (heating curve).
2. Graph E (cooling curve)
3. Condensation and freezing
4. Melting and evaporation

What’s More?

What I Can Do? Assessment

1. FALSE 6. A 6. B 11. C
2. TRUE 7. A 7. A 12. C
3. FALSE 8. A 8. C 13. D
4. TRUE 9. B 9. B 14. D
5. FALSE 10. D 10. A 15. A
References
General Chemistry 2 Textbook. Ayson, Marisa F., et., al., Vibal Group, Inc., 1253 G. Araneta Avenue,
Quezon City, 2016

Chemistry the Central Science (2002) Brown et., al. 8th Edition.

Department of Education (2017). Science 8 Learner's Material. First Edition. Department of Education-
Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Department of Education (2017). Science 8 Teachers Guide. First Edition. Department of Education-
Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwias-O-
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https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwias-O-
5tnuAhWxyosBHbZ5DmoQFjAXegQIGRAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhvweb.net%2Fnhhs%2Fscience%
2Fmaleksza%2Ffiles%2F2013%2F04%2FPhase-Diagram-Worksheet-
2.doc&usg=AOvVaw1ohMKQ368qesd9Oel5CA9v

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwia
s-O-
5tnuAhWxyosBHbZ5DmoQFjASegQIARAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livingston.org%2Fcms%2Flib4%2F
NJ01000562%2FCentricity%2FDomain%2F826%2Fanswers%2520to%2520phase%2520diagram%2520wo
rksheet.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2B3DzRrV5PyguHT0_Ncaxe

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_General_Chemistry_(Petrucci_et_a
l.)/12%3A_Intermolecular_Forces%3A_Liquids_And_Solids/12.4%3A_Phase_Diagrams

https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT%3A_CHE_202_-
_General_Chemistry_II/Unit_8%3A_Solutions_and_Phase_Changes/8.1%3A_Heating_Curves_and_Phase_C
hanges

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/cheminter/chapter/heating-and-cooling-curves-also-called-
temperature-curves/