ĐỀ HSG

PART A: LISTENING (5pts)

Section I: (1pt) Questions 1 – 10
Listen and complete the form below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/ OR NUMBERS for each answer.
Alex’s Training
Example:
Alex completed his training in (0)........................... (2014)
About the applicant:
At first, Alex did his training in the (1) .................................... department.
Alex didn’t have a qualification from school in (2) ...................................
Alex thinks he should have done the diploma in (3) .......................... skills.
Age of other trainees: the youngest was (4) ............................................... Benefits
of doing training at JPNW:
Lots of opportunities because of the size of the organization.
Trainees receive the same amount of (5) ........................ as permanent staff.
The training experience increases people's confidence a lot.
Trainees go to (6) .................................. one day per month.
The company is in a convenient (7) .............................................................
Advice for interview:
Don’t wear (8) ..............................................................................................
Don’t be (9)...................................................................................................
Make sure you (10) ......................................................................................

Section II: (2pts) Questions 11 -12

Listen and choose the correct option A, B or C.
11. What is the main purpose of the talk?
A. to explain the business of waste management
B. to clarify how to sort out domestic waste
C. to describe different methods of waste disposal
12. Which of the following can be considered “wet waste”?
A. food cans
B. fruit rubbish
C. old papers

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Your answers:
11. 12.
Questions 13-16
Complete the flow chart below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Prevention

13. ……………………………………….

14. ……………………………………….

15……………………………………….

Waste to energy

16 ……………………………………….

Questions 17-20
Listen and choose FOUR letters A-H
Which FOUR items CANNOT go in the green box.

A. cooking foil

B. glass bottles

C. milk cartons

D. plastic bags

E. plastic bottles
Your answers:
17. 18. 19. 20.

Section III: (2pts) Questions 21-30

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You will hear the head teacher of a school talking to a group of parents about an
international student exchange programme. Complete the table below. Write NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMME

The school's exchange programme is called (21) ……………………………………………….

A return visit is then arranged (22) …………………………… later.
Children first get to know their exchange partners by taking part in a (23) …………………….
scheme.
The programme is not only intended for students who enjoy using (24) ………………………..
The two countries most often visited on the programme are (25) ……………………………
Some students suffer from problems such as homesickness and (26) ………………………..
To help students who have problems, a qualified (27) ………………… is always available.
Local visits are described as being (28)................................... and also (29) ………………...
Students enjoy visiting (30) ………………………… parks most of all.
PART B: LEXICO –GRAMMAR (2pts)
Section I: Choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) to each of the following
questions and write your answers (A, B, C or D) in the corresponding numbered
boxes (1.0 pt.)
31. By next Saturday you ________ with us for 6 months.
A. will have stayed B. will stay C. have stayed D.are staying
32. After a six-year relationship, Martha and Billy have decided to ________.
A. break the bank B. turn the page C. tie the knot D.make the grade
Tie the knot = get married
33. ________had I left the hotel when I was surrounded by the photographers.
A. No sooner B. Immediately C. Just D. Hardly
34. It’s been announced that the officer will ________ trial for leaking secret data to the
enemy’s intelligence.
A. walk B. sit C. lie D. stand
35. These two essays are word ________word the same.
A. for B. from C. with D. In
36. Sheila will inherit everything ________ her uncle’s death.
A. on account of B. in spite of C. in the event of D. in place of
37. His poor handling of the business ________ on negligence.
A. neared B. edged C. approached D. bordered
38. The job wasn’t giving the ________ of the experience he wanted.
A. width B. depth C. length D. breadth
39. Henry was overweight, so he went on a strict diet and ________ twenty kilos.
A. missed B. lost C. failed D. fell
40. ________, the balcony chairs will be ruined in this weather.
A. Leaving uncovered B. Having left uncovered
C. Left uncovered D. Been left uncovered
Your answers:
31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

Section II: Fill each gap with the correct form of the words in brackets (1.0 pt.)
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41. Astronomers at the observatory have announced that they have discovered a new
comet.
(OBSERVE)
42. I don’t wish to appear unsympathetically, but you are at least partly to blame for the
situation, you know.
(SYMPATHY)
43. Many teachers expressed serious misgivings about the new tests. (GIVE)
44. I unintentionally dialed Bob’s number instead of Ken’s, so I was surprised when Bob
answered.
(INTEND)
45. The school football pitch has been lengthened over the summer to conform to new
national standards. (LONG)
46. If you have any complaints about a neighbor, take them to your resident’s
association, where they should be able to advise you further.
(ASSOCIATE)
47. I don’t know who’s responsible because I didn’t work here long.
(NOT/WORK)
48. When confronted with a mass of red tape, many people feel a sense of
powerlessness.
(POWER)
49. There’s so much fighting between rival groups that the country has become partically
ungovernable. (GOVERN)
50. It’s my responsibility as an employer of over 500 employees to ensure this company
continues to make profit. (EMPLOY)
Your answers:
41. ………………………………… 46. …………………………………
42. ………………_____ ………………… 47. …………………………………
43. ………………………………… 48. …………………………………
44. ………………………………… 49. …………………………………
45. ………………………………… 50. …………………………………
PART C: READING (5pts)
Section I: Read the passage and fill in each blank with ONE suitable word. (1.0 pt)
ENGLISH ETYMOLOGY
Etymology is the study of word origins. It is a subject which seems to hold a
remarkable fascination for people, as can be seen from the numerous blogs and Internet
sites dedicated (51) to lengthy discussions and speculations about the origin of a given
word. Below are a few examples of words that are of particular etymological interest.
According to the lexicographer, Samuel Johnson, the original meaning of this word
suggests somewhat cynically that marriage begins with the sweetness and tenderness of
honey, but soon wanes (52) like the moon. It still retains those connotations today in the
expression honeymoon period which refers to the first stage of a new activity - a
government's first term in office, for example - when people are prepared temporarily to
ignore (53) any imperfections. Nowadays, in the context of marriage, the pessimistic
implications have faded and the word simply refers to a holiday taken by a newly
married couple.
This word originated from Latin, where salarium, a derivative of sal- meaning
'salt', referred to 'an allowance given to soldiers to buy salt'. In former times salt was a
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valued commodity, over which wars were (54)fought. It was not taken for (55)granted
as it is today. Use of the word soon broadened out to the current meaning of 'fixed
periodic payment of work done' and passed in this sense via Anglo-Norman into English.
This word describes something stylishly luxurious. In Britain it also means somebody or
something typical (56) of the upper classes. It first appeared in the early twentieth (57)
century and was widely (58) thought to be an acronym for 'Port Out, Starboard Home',
referring to the location of the more desirable cabins on passenger ships travelling (59)
between Britain and India. Those on the port (left) side on the way out, and the
starboard (right) on the return trip benefited from the sea breeze and shelter from the
sun. (60) although it provides a very neat explanation, there isn't a shred of evidence for
it. A more plausible solution is that the modern adjective, posh, is the same word as the
now obsolete noun posh, meaning 'dandy' (a man who cares a lot about his clothes) a
slang term current in the late nineteenth century.
Your answers:
51. …………………………… 56. ……………………………
52. …………………………… 57. ……………………………
53. …………………………… 58. ……………………………
54. …………………………… 59. ……………………………
55. …………………………… 60. ……………………………
Section II: For questions 61- 70, choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) according to
the text. Write your answers (A, B, C or D) in the corresponding numbered boxes
(2pts)
Population ecology is the science that measures changes in population size and
composition and identities the causes of these fluctuations. Population ecology is not
concerned solely with the human population. In ecological terms, a population
consists of the individuals of one species that simultaneously occupy the same general
area, rely on the same resources, and are affected by similar environmental factors. The
characteristics of a population are shaped by its size and by the interactions among
individuals and between individuals and their environment.
Population size is a balance between factors that increase numbers and factors
that decrease numbers. Some factors that increase populations are favorable light and
temperature, adequate food supply, suitable habitat, ability to compete for resources, and
ability to adapt to environmental change. Factors that decrease populations are
insufficient or excessive light and temperature, inadequate food supply, unsuitable or
destroyed habitat, too many competitors for resources, and inability to adapt to
environmental change.
Another important characteristic of any population is its density. Population
density is the number of individuals per unit, such as the number of maple trees per
square kilometer in a county. Ecologists can rarely determine population size by actually
counting all individuals within geographical boundaries. Instead, they often use a variety
of sampling techniques to estimate densities and total population sizes. For example, they
might estimate the number of black bears in a national park by counting individuals in a
few sample plots representative of the whole park. In some cases, they estimate
population size through indirect indicators, such as the number of nests or burrows, or
signs such as tracks or droppings.
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 Another important population characteristic, dispersion, is the pattern of spacing
among individuals within the population’s geographical boundaries. Various species are
distributed in their habitats in different ways to take better advantages of food supplies
and shelter, and to avoid predators or find prey. Within a population’s range, densities
may vary greatly because not all areas provide equally suitable habitat, and also because
individuals space themselves in relation to other members of the population.
Three possible patterns of dispersion are clumped, uniform, and random. A
clumped dispersion pattern means that individuals are gathered in patches throughout
their habitat. Clumping often results from the irregular distribution of resources needed
for survival and reproduction. For example, fallen trees keep the forest floor moist, and
many forest insects are clumped under logs where the humidity is to their liking.
Clumping may also be associated with mating, safety, or other social behavior. Crane flies,
for example, swarm in great numbers, a behavior that increase mating chances, and some
fish swim in large schools so they are less likely to be eaten by predators.
A uniform or evenly spaced distribution results from direct interactions among
individuals in the population. For example, regular spacing of plants may result from
shading and competition for water. In animal populations, uniform distribution is usually
caused by competing for some resource or by social interactions that set up individual
territories for feeding, breeding, or resting.
Random spacing occurs in the absence of strong attraction or repulsion among
individuals in a population. Overall, random patterns are rare in nature, with most
populations showing a tendency toward either clumped or uniform distribution.
Populations change in size, structure, and distribution as they respond to changes
in environmental conditions. Four main variables- births, deaths, immigration, and
emigration- determine the rate of change in the size of the population over time. A
change in the birth rate or death is the major way that most populations respond to
changes in resource availability. Members of some animal species can avoid or reduce the
effects of environmental stress by emigrating from one area and immigrating to another
with more favorable environmental conditions, thus altering the population’s dispersion.
61. Which sentence best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence
in paragraph 1?
A. Any species of life can be studied in population ecology.
B. Population ecologists care about the future of humanity
C. The growth of the human population is a major concern.
D. Population ecology does not consider humans worthy of study.
62. According to the passage, which factors might cause the population of a species to
decrease in size?
A. A favorable amount of light and water
B. An ability to hide from or defend against predators
C. A large number of other species competing for food
D. A greater number of births than deaths
63. Which of the following is an indirect indicator of a population’s density?
A. The distribution of food in a given area
B. The number of nests in a given area
C. The number of births in a given period of time
D. The number of individuals counted in a given area
64. The distribution pattern of individuals within a population’s geographical boundaries
is known as____________.
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A. population ecology B. population density
C. population change D. population dispersion
65. The word range in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to___________.
A. territory B. control C. history D. shelter
66. The word their in paragraph 5 refers to___________.
A. resources B. trees C. insects D. logs
67. All of the following are given as reasons for clumping EXCEPT_________.
A. uneven resource distribution B. territorial disputes
C. mating behavior D. safety from predators
68. The phrase set up in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to __________.
A. forbid B. establish C. increase D. conceal
69. Which of the following situations would be most likely to result in a uniform
dispersion pattern?
A. Birds compete for a place to build their nests.
B. Fish swim in large schools to avoid predators.
C. Whales develop strong bonds among relatives.
D. Elephants form a circle to protect their young.
70. Why does the author mention immigration and emigration in paragraph 8?
A. To identify factors affecting population dispersion
B. To give examples of territorial behavior in animals
C. To show that population balance themselves over time
D. To explain why animals populations are uniformly dispersed

Your answers:
61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
A C B D A C B B D A

Section III: (2pts)

Read the following passage and answer the questions 71- 80
Our attitude to global threats
A.
One of the things the Internet is good at is presenting doomsday scenarios, and this is
most likely to be because they are both shocking and entertaining, a little like the
pleasure derived from watching horror films. People tend to dip in and out of this, with
very few dwelling permanently in the fear of impending doom. In other words, we
embrace the idea of the end of the world for a short time, get a cheap thrill, and then, in
the same way as we turn the lights back on after a thriller, we return to the safe haven of
our normal life. Nevertheless, we’ve been predicting the end of the world for a very long
time, and the possibility of major catastrophe happening in our lifetime is a strangely
compelling one.
B.
Some analysts have said our fascination with the end of the world stems from boredom-
our lives are so humdrum that we need to feel that there is a very real threat to it in order
to appreciate life. It’s certainly true that, provided you can get people to listen, they’re
more likely to join a campaign to ban carbon emissions, or nuclear power, if you tell them
that the consequences of not taking action include the end of life as we know it. It sort of
makes them take notice.

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C.
It also gives us a heightened sense of our importance to think that the whole planet might
be destroyed in our lifetime. This is to ignore huge chunks of the planet’s existence. If we
look at the big picture, for the first billion years of the Earth’s existence - just under a
quarter of its life- there was nothing living here. Nothing at all. For the following two
quarters, up until about a billion years ago, the life that did exist was not intelligent.
Human existence on the planet ? A mere 200,000 years. That as a percentage of the age of
the universe ? 0.03 %. So, for 99.97 % of the time since the beginning of the universe,
human didn’t exist. It was statistically much more likely that the Earth would have been
destroyed before human inhabited it - or that it might not have been formed at all – than
that it should come to an end during our lifetime or even during the whole of human
existence.
D.
We can discount wild, groundless prophecies that routinely fail to come to pass. The
things that many fear most are often not at the top of the list of biggest threats either.
This is because our imagination is not very realistic when it comes to fear. Nor is fear
always rational, so a believer in a coming alien invasion or zombie apocalypse might be
surprised – disappointed even- to find that the end of civilization is probably not going to
come from those two. Statistically, the chances are miniscule. Aliens aren’t even in the top
ten. Neither are zombies. Relax – there are plenty of other more mundane threats.
E.
What, then, are the global threats that we should be taking seriously? According to the
Global Challenges Foundation, they include threats from extreme climate change, nuclear
war, global pandemic, major asteroid impact, supervolcano and artificial intelligence
( which turns against humanity, perhaps because it no longer needs us). It is important to
point out, though, that these threats are calculated on the basis of how likely the whole of
civilization is going to be destroyed by any one of the above in the next 100 years. We can
prepare for some of these having less than total destruction, but that’s about all.
F.
The World Economic Forum takes a slightly different approach. In its annual report, it
produces, among other things, a list of risks in terms of likelihood. Recent top risks
included extreme weather events, major natural disasters, large-scale terrorist attacks
and massive incidents of data fraud. In the decade between 2007 and 2017, risks related
to the economy have regularly featured in its top five. You will notice that catastrophic
though these may be, they are hardly likely to bring about the end of civilization as we
know it. Yet these are the immediate threats we should be preparing for.
Questions 71-76
The passage has six sections, A-F
Choose the correct heading for sections A-F from the list of headings below. Write the
correct number i-ix

i Human vanity
ii How could civilization be wiped out?
iii Disaster scenarios are profitable
iv Keeping a sense of proportion
v The very distant future
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vi Making people pay attention
vii Dealing with real and pressing threats
71. Section A viii
72. Section B vi
73. Section C i
74. Section D iv
75. Section E ii
76. Section F vii

Questions 77-80
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
The genuine threats we need to be taking seriously include climate change, war,
pandemic, (77) asteroid impact, and volcanic eruption, although it should be stressed
that they are only expressed as the chances of (78) __________________ civilization being
wiped out in the next 100 years. Also on the list is (79) artificial intelligence attacking
humanity because we are surplus to requirements. Providing that there is not total
destruction, we can prepare to some extent. More likely events are not expected to lead
to the (80) ____________________, but we can prepare for them. They cover weather, natural
disaster and terrorism, as well as problems related to the economy and data fraud.
PART D : WRITING (6 pts) 
Section I: Describing graph (2 pts) 
The chart below shows the amount of leisure time enjoyed by men and women of
different employment status.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
You should write at least 150 words.

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 Leisure time in a typical week: by sex and employment status: 1998- 1999
100

80
Hours of leisure time

60
Males
Females
40

20

0
Employed full Employed part Unemployed Retired Housewives
time time

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Section II: (4 pts)
Write a passage of at least 250 words about the following topic
In the modern world, it is possible to shop, work and communicate with people via the
Internet and live without any face-to-face contact with others. Is it a positive or negative
development in your opinion?
Use specific reasons and details to support your answer .
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……. THE END …….

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