Behavioural Science Theory includes human relations and behavioral science

movement. Chester Barnard: An organization can sustain and survive only when it
strikes a balance between its personal and organizational goals.

An organization can sustain and survive only when it strikes a balance between its
employees' personal and organizational goals, according to Chester Barnard. Elton
Mayo's study on the effect of illumination on work productivity found no relation between
illumination and performance. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Maslow hypothesized that
within every human being, there exists a hierarchy of five needs. Mary Parker Follett:
Follet propounded the democratic and participatory theory of management. The
Hawthorne Studies: Elton W. Mayo and his associates between 1927-1932 at Western
Electric's Hawthorne Plant dramatically impacted the prevailing thought of management
in the 1930s and 1940s. The study concluded that the human element (more specifically
relationships among workers) is important in the workplace.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower
orders. Lower order needs: The needs that are satisfied externally and lower order
needs, such as physiological needs, and safety needs. Higher-order needs Those
needs that can be satisfied internally, like social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.

The average person does not inherently dislike work, but depending on condition, may
find work to be satisfying or punishment. People will exercise self-direction and self-
control to achieve organizational objectives under certain conditions. Workers respond
to the pressures of informal workgroups. Financial rewards such as recognition and
appreciation are important for worker productivity. Unfulfilled needs influence
productivity in the organization.

Human behavior is complex and is studied from a variety of viewpoints. This

complicates the problem for a manager trying to use insights from the behavioral
sciences to get the average person to work harder. The average individual has relatively
little ambition and wants security above all.