Matter in our Surroundings

Lecture - 2
Seema Rao
B.Sc & M.Sc
GATE (Chemistry) Qualified
1000+ Students Mentored

1000+ Students mentored for NSEJS, NTSE.

#liveschooldaily
 Telegram APP

tinyurl.com/foundationchat
tinyurl.com/foundationmobile
SAMEERLIVE
SEEMALIVE
Unacademy Subscription
LIVE Classes
Interact with Educator
Live polls & Leaderboard
Test Series & Analysis
LIVE Doubt Clearing Sessions
India’s BEST Educators Unacademy Subscription
Step 1 Step 2

INSTALL
Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

Rahul
Step 6 Step 7

SEEMALIVE Apply

15,750
18,900
SAMEERLIVE
SEEMALIVE
Example Which of the following are the correct examples of matter ?
1. Glass bottle, water and noise
2. Air, wood and vacuum
3. Silver foil, hot air and chalk
4. Sand, oxygen and light flash.
 Characteristics of Particles of Matter

Diffusion

❖ This happens because the particles of perfume move rapidly in all directions and mix
with the moving particles of air in the room.
❖ The particles of matter possess kinetic energy and so are constantly moving. As
temperature rises, particles move faster.
 Experiment 2

❖ Drop a crystal of copper sulphate (CuSO4) or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) into a

glass of hot water and another containing cold water. Allow the crystals to settle at the
bottom without stirring the solution.

Observation

❖ The crystals of CuSO4 or KMnO4 dissolves more quickly in hot water than in cold water.
 Explanation

❖ The particles of CuSO4 or KMnO4 crystals do not move and thus remain fixed in their
respective positions due to strong forces of attraction.
❖ On the other hand, the particles of cold water are continuously moving and thus possess
some kinetic energy.
❖ Because of their K.E., the particles of cold water overcome the forces of attraction
between particles of CuSO4 or KMnO4 crystals.
❖ As a result, the particles of CuSO4 or KMnO4 crystals move in between the spaces of
particles of cold water and the crystals of CuSO4 or KMnO4 dissolves in cold water.
 Explanation

❖ As the temperature rises the K.E. of both. i.e. particles of CuSO 4 or KMnO4 crystals and
water increases.
❖ Due to greater K.E., the forces of attraction between particles of CuSO 4 or KMnO4 crystals
decrease.
❖ Further due to greater K.E., the particles of water (hot water) move faster and more easily
overcome the weaker forces of attraction between particles of CuSO 4 or KMnO4 crystals
than cold water.
❖ As a result, the rate of intermixing (or rate of diffusion) increases and CuSO 4
or KMnO4 crystals dissolves more quickly in hot water.
 Particles of matter attract each other

❖ The particles of matter have a force acting between them, which keeps these particles
together.

Experiment 1

❖ Take an iron nail, a piece of chalk and a rubber band. Try to break each one of them by
hammering, cutting or stretching..

Observation & Explanation

❖ It is most difficult to break the iron nail, followed by piece of chalk & then rubber band.
 Characteristics of Particles of Matter

❖ Particles of matter attract each other.

Cohesive Force Adhesive Force

The force of attraction The force of

between the particles of attraction between
same substances. the particles of
different substances
 States of matter

On the basis of physical states, all matter can be classified into three groups:
(a) Solids (b) Liquids (c) Gases
 Solid State

❖ Matter in solid state has a definite shape and definite volume.

Examples

❖ Silver, copper, sand, sugar, gold, ice, wood, stone, book, needle, pencil, piece of thread,
etc.
 Properties of Solids

Solids have a definite shape and distinct boundaries: The solids have a fixed shape and
distinct boundaries due to small interparticle distances and strong forces of attraction. e.g.
when a pen is put in different containers, it does not change its shape.
SEEMALIVE Apply

15,750
18,900
#liveschooldaily
Let’s CRACK it!
SAMEERLIVE
SEEMALIVE