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J English10 - q2 - Mod1 - Defining A Term.v2
J English10 - q2 - Mod1 - Defining A Term.v2
Quarter 2 - Module 1
Defining a Term
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalty.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.
As a tool for Alternative Delivery Mode, this module includes activities which
students can work on with very minimal teacher support. They are arranged in
increasing complexity to meet the varying needs of the learners.
Note to Parents/Guardians:
Your main role is to make sure your child has a conducive place and enough
time to work on this module at home. To maximize learning, you can also help your
child if he/she encounters some difficulties but make sure it is really your child who
does all the required tasks. Finally, just feel free to contact your child’s English
teacher if needed.
i
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
ii
What I Know
Read each item carefully and circle the letter of the correct answer.
For 11-12, form a definition out of the given phrases in the box. Just choose the best
arrangement.
11.
1. capital punishment 4. the death penalty
2. imposed on persons 5. is called
3. found guilty of major crimes against persons and property.
A. 1-5-4-3-2 B. 4-1-2-3-5
C. 1-4-5-3-2 D. 4-2-3-5-1
12.
1. any act 2. that 3. can be defined as 4. terrorism
5. uses force, violence, or threat to demoralize or intimidate
A. 1-2-3-4-5 B. 4-3-1-2-5
C. 3-2-1-5-4 D. 5-4-3-1-2
iv
v
Parts and Patterns of
Lesson Definitions
1
What I Need to Know
In this lesson, you will learn to observe correct grammar in making
definitions. Specifically, you are expected to
a. identify parts of a definition; and
b. use sentence patterns in writing definitions.
What I Know
A. Write FD if the sentence is a full definition and ND if it is not a
definition.
1. A lyric poem which is composed of fourteen lines is called a sonnet. ______
2. The Internet makes communication much faster and easier. ______
3. A capella refers to a performance without musical accompaniment. ______
4. An analog computer is a device designed to solve scientific problems. ______
5. Life is not always as easy as you think. ______
For 6-8, study the sentence below. Write only the letter of your answer.
A ballad is a poem intended to be sung.
A B C D
6. Which part is the term defined? ______
7. Which part is the general class? ______
8. Which part is the distinguishing characteristic? ______
1
What’s New
Read the selection in the box and find out how the author defines
anti-life acts.
Anti-life acts are measures that seek to terminate life wilfully and
consciously. Today, there are four generally recognized anti-life acts which bear
scrutiny: abortion, euthanasia, terrorism, and capital punishment. Abortion is
referred to as the termination of pregnancy before the fetus reaches 20 weeks of
gestation. Euthanasia connotes the act of causing death painlessly so as to end
the suffering of patients who have no chance of recovery. Meanwhile, the act of
using force, violence, or threat to demoralize, intimidate, or subjugate others is
known as terrorism. Lastly, capital punishment is defined as the death penalty
imposed on persons found guilty of major crimes against persons and properties.
How does the author define the following terms? Provide a one-sentence definition
for each term.
Anti-life acts
2
Abortion
Euthanasia
Terrorism
Capital punishment
What Is It
In defining a term, you actually answer the question “What is A?”
Definitions are commonly used in expository writing such as researches, scientific
and legal texts. It is also used in essays and other text types in order to make ideas
and concepts clearer.
Full definitions are composed of a term to define, the general class to which the
term belongs and a distinguishing characteristic which separates the term from
the other members of the same class. A definition uses one of these two patterns.
Pattern 1:
Term = class + distinguishing characteristics
is/are which/that…
A is defined as B of v+ing/N… C
refers to by which…
denotes for…
V+en
Examples:
Freedom is the ability to do what is right.
Family is a group of people who are bound together by love.
Biology is a branch of science dealing with the study of life.
Pattern 2:
Class + distinguishing = term
characteristics
Note: An article (The, A, An) may or may not be added at the beginning of each
sentence. V on the structure refers to Verb.
A. Go back to the definitions of anti-life acts. Fill out the chart below with the parts of each definition.
Term Class Distinguishing Characteristic Pattern
Used
Anti-life
acts
Euthanasia
Abortion
Terrorism
Capital
punishment
C. Write a full definition from each given set of terms to define, generalizing the
class, and distinguishing the characteristics below. Give two sentences following the
patterns you have learned.
Example:
triangle – polygon- three sides
Pattern 1: A triangle is a polygon that has three sides.
Pattern 2: A polygon that has three sides is called a triangle.
A. ___________________________________________________
B. ___________________________________________________
C. ___________________________________________________
A. ___________________________________________________
B. ___________________________________________________
What I Can Do
Love, Humility, Wisdom, Faith, or Perseverance?
Choose the virtue which you think is the most important. Using the
table, provide the class to where it belongs and a distinguishing characteristic
that separates it from the rest. Then, write a definition of the word using the
two patterns.
Full Definition
Pattern 1:
Pattern 2:
Assessment
Read each item carefully and circle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following sentences is a definition?
A. The people are warned against going out despite the relaxed quarantine
measures.
B. Antibodies are primary forms of immune response to disease caused by
viruses or bacteria.
C. Rapid tests are done to find out if a specific antibody is found in a
suspected or probable COVID-19 case.
D. As of the moment, there is still no available COVID-19 vaccine but many
countries are already working for it.
For 2 & 3,
Economics is the social science concerned chiefly with description and analysis
of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. It is the study of
how man’s material needs are supplied, or how scarce resources are utilized.
These needs may include goods ranging from necessities (home, food and
clothing) to luxuries (color TV, electric razor) and services (medical care,
transportation, and dry cleaning).
Economists or specialists in economics divide much of their subject into how
goods and services are produced and how they are distributed.
2. Which paragraph gives the definition of economics?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. none
3. Based on its definition, to what general class does economics belong?
A. earth science B. natural science
C. political science D. social science
Additional Activities
Match Column A (term and class) with Column B (distinguishing
characteristics) to form a definition. Write the letter only.
Column A Column B
____ 1. Transpiration is the process a. sung without musical accompaniment.
____ 2. A novelist is a person b. by which water evaporates from the
leaves
____ 3. A sonnet is a lyric poem c. to do work
____ 4. A capella is a choral music d. by which plants manufacture food
____ 5. A concert is a composition e. concerned with organization and
management
____ 6. Photosynthesis is a process f. that has 14 lines
____ 7. Energy is the capacity g. composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen
____ 8. Bureaucracy is a group of h. who writes novels
people
____ 9. A carbohydrate is a compound i. of laws and methods of physics to the
study
of biological processes
____ 10. Biophysics is the study k. for a solo instrument with orchestra
Congratulations! You have successfully finished one lesson. Now, brace yourself for
Lesson 2.
Lesson The Grammar of Definitions
2
What I Need to Know
In this lesson, you will learn to observe correct grammar in making
definitions. Specifically, you are expected to
a. identify parts of a definition; and
b. use sentence patterns in writing definitions.
What I Know
Write the word CORRECT if the underlined part of the definition is
grammatically correct. If it is it wrong, give the correct form.
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you have learned to write definitions by following
two sentence patterns. Give the two patterns of writing a definition.
Pattern 1:
Pattern 2:
What’s New
Study the two definitions of one term. Answer the questions that follow.
Circle the letter only.
I. Anti-life acts are measures that are intended to terminate life wilfully and
consciously.
II. Anti-life acts are measures intended to terminate life wilfully and consciously.
1. What part of the definition is the underlined words?
A. class B. distinguishing characteristics C. term
What Is It
An important skill to develop in order to make grammatically correct definitions is the
use of relation pronouns as well as participial and prepositional phrases in stating the
distinguishing characteristic of the term defined.
Study these examples:
A. Anti-life acts are measures which are intended to terminate life wilfully and
consciously.
B. Anti-life acts are measures intended to terminate life wilfully and consciously.
What’s More
A. Combine the two sentences in each item to come up with a full
definition. Change the second sentence into a clause that begins
with which, who, or that.
Example:
Chemistry is a science.
Chemistry deals with the study of the composition and properties of
substances.
Combined sentence:
Chemistry is a science that deals with the study of the composition and
properties of substances.
1. A computer is an electronic system
A computer is designed to manipulate and store data.
______________________________________________________________
2. A printer is a computer hardware.
A printer is used to produce printed output.
______________________________________________________________
3. Internet is a global computer network.
Internet connects users with service networks such as the World Wide Web.
______________________________________________________________
4. A modem is a device.
A modem connects computers via a telephone line.
______________________________________________________________
5. A software is a program, routine and symbolic language.
A software is essential to the operation and maintenance of a computer.
______________________________________________________________
Example: Pragmatics is the branch of linguistics that deals with the study of
language use rather than structure.
Shortened: Pragmatics is the branch of linguistics dealing with the study of
language use rather than structure.
______________________________________________________________
10. A probiotic is a substance that contains beneficial microorganisms.
______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
2. Distinguishing characteristics in full definitions begin with ___________________
________________________________________________________________.
3. Distinguishing characteristics in shortened definitions begin with
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
What I Can Do
Go back to the definition you have formulated in Lesson 1 (What
I Can Do). Still using the two patterns in defining a term, write a
shortened version if you have written the full definition or write the full
version if you have written the shortened form.
Pattern 1:
Pattern 2:
Assessment
Choose the correct expression to complete each definition. Circle the
letter of the correct answer.
Additional Activities
The parts of each definition are mixed up. Write the definition by putting the
parts in their proper places.
3. digestion – of breaking down food for use of the body – is the process
_______________________________________________________________
What I Know
Tell whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE.
1. A technical definition gives observable and measurable descriptions. ________
2. A technical definition is given by an expert in the field which can be cited as a
source. ________
3. A technical definition tells you what to do. ________
4. An operational definition gives concrete and clear descriptions. ________
5. An operational definition is usually theoretical and conceptual. ________
What’s In
Before you proceed to the next lesson, study the definition below and
answer the questions that follow. Write the letter only.
A family is a group of people who are closely related by birth, marriage, or adoption.
A B C D
1. What is the term defined? _______
2. To what general class does the term belong? _______
3. What is distinguishing characteristic is given to the term? _______
4. Which is the verb? _______
5. Which is the correct shortened form of the definition? _______
A. Family – group of people – closely related by birth, marriage, or adoption
B. A family is a group of people closely related by birth, marriage, or
adoption.
C. A family is a group of people closely relates by birth, marriage, or
adoption.
D. A family is a group of people closely relating by birth, marriage, or
adoption.
6. In writing a definition, you can use another sentence pattern. Which is the correct
way of doing it? _______
A. A group of closely related by birth, marriage, or adoption a family.
B. A group of people is family closely related by birth, marriage, or adoption.
C. A group of people is called family who are closely related by birth, marriage,
or adoption.
D. A group of people who are closely related by birth, marriage, or adoption is
called a family.
What’s New
What Is It
Example:
Financial capability, according to World Bank (2013a), is:
[…] an internal capacity to act in one’s best financial interest, given socio-
economic environmental conditions. It encompasses the knowledge (literacy),
attitudes, skills, and behaviors of consumers with regard to managing their
resources, and understanding, selecting, and making use of financial services
that fit their needs (WB, 2013a).
Examples:
The fastest ball is the one that crosses the finish line before all the other balls.
The financial capability of the respondents refers to their average score on a
12-item Likert-scale.
Now, try to check your understanding on the two types of definition. Write TD
if the description refers to Technical Definition and OD if it refers to Operational
Definition.
1. Tells you what to do and what to observe _______
2. Tells you what the term theoretically means _______
3. Tends to be abstract, conceptual and theoretical _______
4. Provides concrete and clear definition _______
5. Usually provided by experts _______
6. Based in context _______
What’s More
Write TD if the definition is technical and OD if it is
Operational.
1. Substances that cause the litmus paper to turn pink are acids. ______
2. A compound that can donate a proton or accept a pair of electrons to form a
covalent bond with a base is an acid. ______
3. Pulse refers to the number of beats on a person’s wrist counted in 1 minute.
______
4. Pulse is the regular expansion and contraction of an artery, caused by the heart
pumping blood through the body. ______
5. Weight refers to a measurement of gravitational force acting on an object.______
6. Weight refers to the numbers that appear when an object is placed on a weighing
scale. ______
7. Working women are women engaged in full time paid employment, working at
least 40 hours or more per week. ______
8. Heart is a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood around the body, in humans,
situated in the center of the chest with its apex directed to the left. ______
9. Krondl (1990) states that convenience foods are those foods that have service
added to basic ingredients to reduce the amount of preparation time required in
the home. ______
10. Extensive reading is program wherein a learner reads at least 10 books every
week for comprehension. ______
Source:
Assessment
Additional Activities
Give technical definitions of the following terms. You may use the
Internet or your books for the definitions. Be sure to include the source.
Source:
Bullying
Source:
What I Know
Write O if the definition is operational and NO if it is not operational.
1. Self-supporting students are students who work three or more hours a day to
provide their own needs. ________
2. Thirst is a distressful feeling caused by a desire or need for water. ________
3. Guilt refers to the painful feeling of self-reproach. ________
4. Academic performance refers to the students score in the post-test. ________
5 People in the middle class are those whose monthly incomes range from
20,000-100,000 pesos. ________
What’s In
Study this passage and answer the questions that follow.
As defined in Republic Act 7610, child abuse refers to the maltreatment, whether habitual
or not, of the child which includes any of the following:
(1) Psychological and physical abuse, neglect, cruelty, sexual abuse, and emotional
maltreatment;
(2) Any act by deeds or words which debases, degrades, or demeans the intrinsic
worth and dignity of a child as a human being;
(3) Unreasonable deprivation of his basic needs for survival, such as food and shelter;
or
(4) Failure to immediately give medical treatment to an injured child resulting in
serious impairment of his growth and development or in his permanent incapacity
or death.
18
What’s New
Suppose you and your group are tasked to distribute food packs to the
needy people in your community. To make the distribution fast, you have decided to
form five smaller groups. How would you make sure all of you will not be confused
as to who will be given or not? Can you suggest an operational definition of the term
needy people?
Your suggested operational definition:
What Is It
What’s More
Write an operational definition for each underlined idea in the
space provided. Questions are given after each situation to guide
you.
1. Only the poorest of the poor received the cash assistance from the government.
Who are the poorest of the poor?
The term poorest of the poor refers to families ___________________________
________________________________________________________________
19
2. Students who are good readers are assigned to tutor their peers.
What observable characteristics do good readers have?
Good readers are learners ___________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. You can be protected from infectious diseases by washing your hands
thoroughly.
What does washing your hands thoroughly mean? What materials are used and
how long is the washing done?
Washing your hands thoroughly means _________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. Chronically absent learners usually have low performance in math.
When do we call a student a chronically absent learner? How many days in a
month are they absent?
The term chronically absent learners refer to those who ___________________
________________________________________________________________
What is a performance in math? How is it measured?
Performance in math refers to ________________________________________
5. Students who show outstanding academic performance will be given a
scholarship.
What does an outstanding performance mean? What is the basis?
Outstanding scholastic performance means having _______________________
________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
In the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, do you think your community
should be under total lockdown, Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ), Modified
ECQ, General Community Quarantine (GCQ), or Modified GCQ? Justify your answer
and be sure to provide an operational definition for the classification that suits your
community. Write your answer below.
20
Assessment
Write O if the definition is operational and NO if it is not operational.
Additional Activities
Operationally define each level of the learners’ proficiency in a
subject using the information provided in the table. The first one is
done for you.
Proficiency level Grading Scale
Advanced 90-100
Proficient 85-89
Approaching Proficiency 80-84
Developing 75-79
Beginning Below 75
1. Advanced level
______________________________________________________________
2. Proficient level
______________________________________________________________
3. Approaching proficiency level
______________________________________________________________
4. Developing level
______________________________________________________________
5. Beginning level
______________________________________________________________
Congratulations! You have successfully finished the last lesson in this module.
21
Summary
In this module, you have learned to observe correct grammar in defining a
term. A formal definition is composed of a term defined, a verb, a general class to
which the term belongs, and a characteristic that distinguishes the term defined from
other terms belonging to the same class. A definition can be written by following the
suggested sentence pattern. Complete definitions can also be shortened
grammatically by changing the relative clause into a phrase.
You also learn to write technical and operational definitions. A technical
definition tells the readers what the concept or term means. It tends to be abstract,
conceptual or theoretical. If you need to write a technical definition of a concept, you
can always look for what experts say about it. On the other hand, an operational
definition describes how a particular variable is to be measured, or how an object or
condition is to be recognized. It needs to be concrete, clear and precise so that a
reader knows exactly what to observe or measure.
22
Assessment: (Post-Test)
Read each item carefully and circle the letter of the correct answer.
A. Man’s needs include goods ranging from basic necessities to luxuries and
services.
B. Economists study how man’s material needs are supplied, or how scarce
resources are utilized.
C. Economists divide much of their subject into how goods and services are
produced and how they are distributed.
D. Economics is the social science concerned with analysis of production,
distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
For 4-5, form a definition out of the given phrases in the box. Just choose the best
arrangement.
5.
1. capital punishment 4. the death penalty
2. imposed on persons 5. is called
3. found guilty of major crimes against persons and property.
23
A. 1-5-4-3-2 B. 4-1-2-3-5
C. 1-4-5-3-2 D. 4-2-3-5-1
6.
1. any act 2. that 3. can be defined as 4. terrorism
5. uses force, violence, or threat to demoralize or intimidate
A. 1-2-3-4-5 B. 4-3-1-2-5
C. 3-2-1-5-4 D. 5-4-3-1-2
24
Write A if the definition is Technical and B if it is Operational.
13. Pulse is the regular expansion and contraction of an artery, caused by the heart
pumping blood through the body. _____
14. Weight refers to the numbers that appear when an object is placed on a weighing
scale. _____
15. Working women are women engaged in full time paid employment, working at
least 40 hours or more per week. _____
Key to Answers
What I Know
Lesson 1
What I Know,
What’s New
What’s More
A.
B.
25
What I Have Learned
Assessment
Additional Activities
Lesson 2
What I Know
What’s New
B.
26
What I Have Learned
Assessment
Additional Activities
Lesson 3
What’s In
What I Know
What I Know
What Is It
What’s More
Assessment
27
Lesson 4
What’s In
What I Know
Assessment
Additional Activities
Assessment (Post-test)
28
References
Almonte, Liza et al. Celebrating Diversity through World Literature: English G10
Learner’s Material. Pasay City: Department of Education, 2016.
Ladera, Helen et al. New Horizons in English III. Quezon City: Rex Book Store, Inc.,
1999.
Tayao, Ma. Lourdes, et al. Meeting My Needs for English. Manila: Rex Book Store,
Inc., 2000.
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