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10
English
Quarter 2 - Module 2
Structural Element of Exposition and Language
Features of Argumentative Text

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 What I Need to Know
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Welcome to this module! You must be very eager to start with the learning
activities prepared for you. The activities in the module have been
designed to provide you with rich and stimulating learning experience.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the elements of exposition texts and language features of
an argumentative texts,
2. explain the types of exposition texts and the language features of
argumentative texts.
3. use connecting words to link arguments.

General Directions:
A. Use another sheet of paper for all your answers.
B. This module shall be returned to the subject teacher after each
quarter.

What I Know (Pre-Test)

Directions: Circle the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is the purpose of an expository writing piece?
A. To inform/explain C. To express ideas/feeling
B. To persuade D. To entertain
2. Which paragraph is best to introduce the claim?
A. In the last paragraph
B. At the end of the first paragraph
C. In the second paragraph
D. At the end of the last paragraph
3. The claim is where the writer
A. tears down an opposing view.
 B. shows how smart he/she is.
C. shows what he/ she is trying to prove.
D. answers an opposing view.
4. Background information helps the reader to
A. have more information about the topic.
B. eat ice cream.
C. be distracted about the claim.
D. watch for an opposing view.
5. The purpose of the conclusion is to
A. give evidence and details.
B. restate the attention getter and background.
C. give new information.
D. restate the argument and reason.

Structural Elements of Exposition and

Lesson Language Features in Argumentative Text.
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This module aimed to broaden your mind in the structural elements
of exposition and the language features of argumentative text.
Exposition texts generally begin with an introductory statement of
position giving the author’s opinion or point of view. This previews the
argument that will follow. The next section has a series of logical
arguments that convince the audience why this position has been taken.
A conclusion ties it all together by reinforcing or summarizing the author’s
point of view.
What’s In
Directions: Read the paragraph below and give the
correct answers on the question given.
 Time is Money
Life is a journey travelled on the highway of time. Therefore, time is precious.
Every moment in life should be properly utilized, as time, once lost, can never be
recovered. And there is no way to stop the hands of time from ticking. Hence right from
childhood, one should learn to appreciate the value of time. Just as one should learn
to make the best use of money, should learn to make the best use of time, too. It has
been rightly said, ‘Time and tide wait for none.’ People who realize the value of time,
believe in action rather than procrastination. They use it to acquire knowledge and
various useful skills.
Google.com

What makes the paragraph logically and fluently connected?

What’s New
Directions: Read the paragraph and answer the following
questions.

Some children are getting fatter and fatter during this pandemic and the way
we live is making it worse. So how can we help? The best way is to get kids of all
ages involved in playing sports.
Being active by playing sport is going to keep kids strong, fit and healthy.
Growing bodies need lots of daily exercise and the best way to do this is to play
sport. Scientists have shown that kids who play sport have less health problems
than kids who sit at home and watch too much TV.

There are lots of sports that kids can play such as soccer, softball and netball
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during weekends. They can also play sports like gymnastics, tennis and basketball
all year round. So, it doesn’t matter what you like or where you live, there is a sport
for everyone. You won’t have to complain about being bored!
Also, playing a team sport is great for kids because they get to make lots of
new friends. They also learn how to work together in a team and cooperate with
each other. Kids who don’ play sports don’t have this chance for fun and friendship,
which is really sad.
It is obvious that all children should have to play sports. It helps them make
new friends, keep fit and healthy, and learn how to work with others. Playing a sport
is fun and exciting and it is much better than being bored at home.

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 1. What is the author’s opinion on this topic?
2. What words or phrases best support the author’s point of view?
3. This exposition text does not have a title. What do you think would be a good
title?
4. How did the author organize his ideas, arguments, and reasons?
5. What arguments in the body of the exposition are referred to in the
conclusion?

What Is It

Exposition texts are written for the purpose of presenting a point of view in
favor or against a specific topic. The ultimate aim of exposition text is to try to
convince the reader to agree with your opinion, or take a certain course of action, by
giving reasons and examples to support your ideas. Exposition texts are: emotive,
biased and sound authoritative.

There are three structures or elements of exposition text

1. The Introduction or the Position Statement – let people know where your
stand on a topic or debate. The first you need to do is to make sure that you
are writing an arguable statement with two sides. Do not write a position
statement that pollution is bad for the environment because everybody knows.
2. The Body or the Argument Stage is a series of paragraph. It is where it gives
a new idea or argument with reasons and examples to support it in each
paragraph. It also uses persuasive language and uses quoted or reported
speech. It is in the body where cohesive devices are used to link ideas between
paragraphs. Frequently each argument begins with background information,
followed by points that relate back to the statement of position and justify and
elaborate on the statement. It is important that each elaboration consists of
number of sentences. Each paragraph should be carefully structured with the
topic sentence in each paragraph relating to the main idea at times the
preceding paragraph. Most paragraphs have one main idea that is argued and
elaborated and forms part of the whole exposition.
3. Conclusion or the Restatement of Position
This is where the argument is emphasized. The summing up of the
position in the light of the argument that has been presented reinforces the
statement of position and often calls for some types of action on the part of the
audience.
 Language Features in Argumentative Text

An exposition or argument includes particular language features.

Feature Example
Conjunctions (or joining words) join one so, and so, because, therefore, if, and,
part of a sentence to another. They link but, additionally, also, besides,
the flow of the argument. furthermore, in addition, as well, not only,
moreover, likewise, etc.
Modal Verbs express the writer’s can, could, should, must, might
attitude to the topic
Evaluative Language suggests the important, best, most, truth, largest,
degree of approval or helps compare more popular
ideas
Thinking Verbs know, believe, feel, people think, agreed

Connectives however, similarly, mainly, therefore, so,

because, the first reason.
Connective Words link ideas in an firstly, for that reason, for example, as a
argument. consequence, because of this, in
particular, therefore, finally
Descriptive Persuasive Words with
emotive connotations
tedious, evil, wicked, vile, dire,
unfavorable, faulty, imperfect, rotten,
Bad unpleasant, appalling, dreadful,
shocking, ghastly, terrible, trivial
Good fantastic, fabulous, marvelous,
exceptional, wonderful, outstanding,
remarkable, first-rate, superior,
incredible, significant, momentous,
tremendous
Persuasive: credible, realistic, forceful, influential,
compelling, plausible, reliable,
trustworthy, likely, responsible, rational,
sane, coherent, logical, paramount

Feature Example

agreeable, pleasant, delightful,

Nice
Modality or Certainty (verb inflections
that express how the action or state is
conceived by the author) Using words
that express the author’s attitude - to
qualify or confirm.
enjoyable, delicious, well-mannered,
cultured, tasty, panoramic, enjoyable,
charming, charismatic, wonderful,
satisfying, Convincing, urging, tempting,
influencing, enticing, urging, believable,
credible, realistic
will, always, should, may, never,
maybe, must, obviously, rarely,
usually, regularly, probably, typically,
habitually, almost certainly, frequently,
generally, doubtless, more often than
 not, normally, in all probability, as a rule,
commonly, characteristically
Other Features:
Reported Speech is used when referring to what is the majority of people have said
on the issue to indicate the support of others for the issue.
Generally, the text is written in the present tense but may change to past tense for
recounted events or historical evidence. It may be written in in the future tense if
predictions are being made.

What’s More

Directions: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the following questions.

Why Books Are Important For Us?

A wise man once said, “learning without book is nothing.” In my opinion this
statement is true. Why I do I say that? These are the following reasons:

Firstly, books are important because they develop the minds of people who
read them. Even if you don’t agree with what an author has done in a book, you
can at least have formed your own ideas on what would have been better. This
leads to critical thinking skill, a necessity for the development of cultures.
Secondly, book contains so much more than just the story. They record
facts. They review history. Books are the documentations of themes that relate to
everyone. You can even learn about a period in history just looking at what books
were popular and published during that time. For instance, the classic tales of two
cities by Charles Dickens is set in the French revolution era.
Finally, books are essential to life because they do not only carry knowledge
but they also entertain us with stories ranging from mystery and drama to comedy,
adventures and autobiographies. In other word, you can read book about anything.
These possibilities are limitless and that is one of the many lessons you can learn
from reading books.
Based on the reasons listed above, it is obvious that books have great influence in
our lives. Without book we may learn nothing.

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Directions: Give three reasons why books are important for us.
Write your explanation on the space provided for

REASON EXPLANATION

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 What I Have Learned
Directions: Readthe paragraph and identify the structural
elements of exposition. Write your answer on the space
provided.

Is It Good to Staff Students with A Great Amount of Homework?

Homework can exercise students to strengthen their

language competence based on the skill they learn at the school,
but staffing students with a great amount of homework is not good
for their psychology.
The first reason is that with a great amount of homework,
students can feel frustration doing their homework. This frustration
happens because they have no time to get relax from thinking.
They always use their brain to think hard on their accomplishment
of their homework and make them tired.
The second reason is that students can feel anxious because
they have to do all their homework before the deadline is over.
Anxiety makes them frustration, too. They cannot sleep well along
night.
The third reason, the students cannot use their spare time for
playing with their friends anymore. They cannot give their time to
help their parents at home. Their lives are burdened with plenty of
homework. Students also need time to express their ideas freely.
From those reasons above, I conclude that staffing students
with a great amount of homework should not be done even though
homework functions to exercise students’ competencies and help
them mastering their lessons.
 Directions: Readthe paragraph and identify the structural
elements of exposition. Write your answer on the space
provided.

Is It Good to Staff Students with A Great Amount of Homework?

Homework can exercise students to strengthen their

language competence based on the skill they learn at the school,
but staffing students with a great amount of homework is not good
for their psychology.
The first reason is that with a great amount of homework,
students can feel frustration doing their homework. This frustration
happens because they have no time to get relax from thinking.
They always use their brain to think hard on their accomplishment
of their homework and make them tired.
The second reason is that students can feel anxious because
they have to do all their homework before the deadline is over.
Anxiety makes them frustration, too. They cannot sleep well along
night.
The third reason, the students cannot use their spare time for
playing with their friends anymore. They cannot give their time to
help their parents at home. Their lives are burdened with plenty of
homework. Students also need time to express their ideas freely.
From those reasons above, I conclude that staffing students
with a great amount of homework should not be done even though
homework functions to exercise students’ competencies and help
them mastering their lessons.
Position Statement:
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Arguments:
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Restatement of Position:
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 Assessment

Directions: Circle the letter of the correct answer. Use separate sheet of paper.

1. What type of text that has the same meaning as Argumentative Texts?
A. Exposition text C. Recount text
B. Descriptive text D. Narrative text

2. What tenses you should use in writing expository?

A. simple past tense C. present continuous tense
B. simple present tense D. past continuous tense

3. Your conclusion should include all of the following EXCEPT;

A. a restatement of your thesis statement
B. main ideas
C. a transition sentence
D. supporting details

4. What is the purpose of using conjunctions in making exposition texts?

A. to strengthen the argument C. to strengthen the title.
B. to make a simple sentence D. to report an issue

5. An opposing view or claim is a statement that shows

A. what someone would argue for the claim.
B. what the reader should believe.
C. what someone would argue against the claim
D. what the writer will try to prove.

Additional Activity

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. What is the most effective way to write a conclusion?

A. Just stop writing.
B. Add additional non-related information.
C. Restate the position/ claim.
D. Try to confuse the reader

2. A logical appeal supported by reasons and evidence

A. claim B. evidence C. counter argument D. argument

3. The writer's position on an issue or problem

A. claim B. evidence C. counterargument D. reasons

4. Devices that can convince you to adopt a position or take an action

A. counterargument C. persuasive techniques
B. evidence D. claim

5. Which would be the most "credible" source for your evidence?

A. An article from a news journal
B. A quote from Wikipedia
C. A quote from a popular blog with over a million followers
D. A statement from a famous celebrity