1. Pre-laboratory discussion of Activity 5 - It is a COMPLES Issue!

PRINCIPLE: COORDINATION OF CPD COMPLEXES -not all atoms composing ligands are
COMPLEX capable of donating e-
 a substance made up of 2 or more components -some components are known as donor
capable of independent existence atoms
1. Monodentate
ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID (EDTA) -1 donor atoms
In the context of MedLabSci: 2. Bidentate
 an anticoagulant present in lavender evacuated -2 donor atoms
tubes 3. Polydentate
 commonly used in Hematology, Blood Banking, -more than 2 donor atoms
Immunohematology  DONOR ATOMS contain at least 1 lone pair
 chelates/removes calcium = prevent  covalent bonding shares at least 1 e- (diff from
clotting/activation of coagulation = anticoagulation coordinate bonding)
In the context of Chemistry: CHELATING AGENTS
 2 or more donor atoms
 greek word: claw
latin word: to tie
 substances that will isolate/hide/remove other
elements or ions (specifically metal ions)
 must contain at least 2 or more donor atoms
 has atoms that are capable of binding Ca+ (a cation (bidentate & polydentate)
that activates clotting mechanisms) - more donor atoms, more capable of donating
 If EDTA gets Ca+, it will not be avalable for clotting to atoms
be activated
-EDTA will hide/isolate Ca+ (clotting METAL-LIGAND BOND
mechanism will not activate)  Metal – acts as Lewis acid (chemical specie that
-the sample (whole blood in liquid state) accept electrons since metal ions contain empty
will then be anticoagulated orbital)
 EDTA has atoms (Oxygen and Nitrogen) that will  Ligand – acts as Lewis base (chemical specie that
hide/bind with Ca+ donate electrons)
 the binding of EDTA with Ca+ is an example of
COORDINATION COMPLEX of a coordination
compound
-special type of compound in a way that the
components can exist independently w/
different properties
-due to binding, property changes
-w/ Ca+ = CLOTTING (will create/bind
complex w/ EDTA)
-COORDINATION COMPLEX
-w/o Ca+ = CLOTTING WILL NOT BE
COVALENT BONDING
ACTIVATED
 Atom 1 and atom 2 will share e- (each will share e-)
COORDINATE COVALENT BONDING/METAL COVALENT
COORDINATION COMPOUND/COMPLEX
BOND
 consists of complex and counter ions
 2 electrons shared will only come from 1 atom
 central atom that is metal (commonly involving
 A covalent bond (intra m.f.) that acts like
transition elements – can form complexes w/ other
intermolecular force of attraction – a bond existing
molecules)
within a compound
COMPLEX ION
CHELATION
 Bonding of ions and molecules to metal ions
 An equilibrium reaction between a metal and a
ligand
 Involves the formation or presence of two or more
 contains a central metal ion bonded to one or more separate coordinate bonds between a polydentate
ions or organic molecules (ligands) ligand and a single central atom
 sharing of electrons:  Ligands (should contain at least 2 donor atoms)
-2 electrons will come from only 1 element -chelants, chelators, chelating agents, or
or atom sequestering agents
CENTRAL METAL ION -always donate e-
-capable of accepting electrons -contains 2 lone pairs
- will contain an empty orbital (therefore -binds w/ metal ion and
can accept e-) hide/isolate/remove the reactivity of a
LIGANDS certain metal
- organic molecules or ions that surround COMPLEXES FORMED = CHELATES
the metal in a complex ion  When a bond forms between a metal ion and a
-capable of donating electrons/donor atoms chelating agent => CHELATES
 1. Pre-laboratory discussion of Activity 5 - It is a COMPLES Issue!

 Chelating agents + metal ions = stable, non-ionized,

water-toxic, and water soluble compound
-Example: Lead (a poisonous substance)
If lead enters the body and we provided
chelating agents, it will bind w/ that Lead
This lead will then be chelated and
converted into stable, non-ionized, water-
toxic, and water soluble compound that can
be excreted out of the body
-Example: Antioxidants
Oxidants will do anything to steal electrons,
just like metal ions. Antioxidants will then
bind with oxidants to prevent them from
stealing e- from other substances
 Metal ions – have empty/free orbitals so they tend
to steal e- from other cells/cpds
 A chelating agent will prevent and inactivate metal
ion from binding w/ retinol
 Associated w/ the binding of ligands to metal ions
 Red blood cells containing hemoglobin (responsible
for oxygen transportation)
 Since carbon monoxide has 1 lone pair of e-, it can
bind w/ haemoglobin
- Globin: protein component
- Heme: organic component
- Irons
Carbon monoxide will bind w/ iron in the hemoglobin (heme)
*Carbon monoxide has a high affinity w/ our hemoglobin
(200x higher than O2), resulting to obstruction in the transfer
of O2
 Context of chem:
- Carbon monoxide contains lone pair of e- that
binds w/ metal ions
- Binding of carbon monoxide + iron = ABNORMAL
HEMOGLOBIN (can hinder and obstruct normal
oxygen transfer)
2. Ethylenediamine – Bidentate

In the context of MedLabSci (Pathophysiology of Diseases)

If cell membranes lost electrons = TISSUE DAMAGE
 Morphological changes
 Damage to the cells

Examples of Common Ligands

 Contains organic and inorganic substances
 Remember: Ligands should contain 1 lone pair –
non-bonding electrons

Interaction w/ cobalt
 Ethylenediamine can be used to remove cobalt in a
sample specimen
 Nitrogen has 2 donor atoms/lone pairs of e-, and will
donate to cobalt to for CHELATE (stable, non-ionized,
water-toxic, and water soluble substance)

2. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) – Bidentate

1. Carbon monoxide - Monodentate

 a dangerous organic substance in the form of gas
capable of poisoning
 comes from complete combustion of hydrocarbons;
cigarette smoking
Oxygen w/ 1 lone pair of electron (1 donor of atom due to
high electronegativity)
 Has 6 donor electrons
 Capable of binding w/ Lead
 EDTA can neutralize/isolate the Lead in the
patient
 The oxygen and nitrogen donor atoms will
bind w/ Lead. The chelate created will
become non-toxic because of the binding of
EDTA (Chelation or EDTA Therapy in Lead
poisoning)
 1. Pre-laboratory discussion of Activity 5 - It is a COMPLES Issue!

PROCEDURE  The vinegar will remove the protective covering

Preparation of Organic Solutions Remover the steel scrubber from the vinegar and drain it,
1. Prepare your solvents removing all the vinegar in it
 ethyl alcohol is an organic substance that can bind
w/ the organic components of the camote and
flower
- an organic solvent that can extract organic
compound from camote peelings and flower
 use a (any) volume that can produce a solution
helpful in distinguishing changes in color and visible
chemical reactions when metallic solution is added
(100 mL)
-do not use large amount – might cause dilution of
organic substance
 use blender for camote peelings and flower to
increase the surface area for better extraction
 overnight = 16 to 18 hrs
 distilled not tap (Calcium in tap will interfere w/ Use another container w/ water and soak the steel scrubber
results) = 5 mL
 Rusting of iron is associated w/ oxidation
-needs oxygen and water
-water is needed for rusting to occur
-rust will be used as metal ion

2. Prepare Organic Solutions

 Solutions containing the Ligands made up of organic
components Leave it for 3 to 5 days till rust occur
 Do not completely soak. Expose a bit
 Reddish brown powder substance will be present in
the water
 Oxidation of iron or steel
 Formation of rust = interaction of iron, oxygen, and
water = corrosion of iron
 Composition of iron/rust = hydrated iron III oxide
(hydrated ferric oxide) = metal ion
 Removal of protective covering = bubble; less shiny
 1 day = vinegar
 3 days = water

3. Prepare Metallic Solutions

 Involves the creation of rust
 Use very fine steel scrubbers (#00) for easier rusting
 The vinegar will remove the protective covering of
steel scrubber (10-30 mins or 1 hr)
Soak the steel scrubber
 1. Pre-laboratory discussion of Activity 5 - It is a COMPLES Issue!

4. Prepare Complexation
The presence of the ligands binding to the metal ions will
change its toxic and unstable property; and color
Drop a teaspoon on each ligands

 What ligands will change in color?

 Metal organic molecule complexation = if the color is
removed = organic components of ligand extract
bind w/ the iron = THE CHELATE BECOME
COLORLESS
 No changes in color = Metal organic molecule
complex not created = no chelate

No organic molecule metal complex created = color retained

The ligand interacted w/ metal ion that changed its property =
color changed

RQ 2
 Describe what type of reaction involving metal
organic molecule complexation not on just formation
of rust