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2. An ethanol–water solution is prepared by dissolving 10.00 mL of ethanol (CH3CH2OH, with a density of 0.

789 g/mL), in a
sufficient volume of water to produce 100.0 mL of a solution with a density of 0.982 g/mL. Compute for:
Given:
Volume of Ethanol = 10.00 mL
Density of Ethanol = 0.789 g/mol
Volume of solution = 100.0 mL
Solution:
A. Volume percent (% v/v)
� 10 �� �

% = 100 �� = 10%�

B. Mass percent (% w/w)


���� ���� �������
Density = ������ ; Volume = ������� ; Mass = ������

������� 0.789 g/mol


Mass of solution = ������ = 100 �� �������� = 0.789 g solution

Solvent = Solution – Solute


Solute = Solution – Solvent
Solution = Solute + Solvent

Solute = 7.89 g Ethanol – 0.789 solution = 7.101 g Ethanol or 7.101 mL Ethanol


Solvent = 0.789 g solution – 7.101 g Ethanol =

C. Mass/Volume percent (% w/v)


���� ���� �������
Density = ������ ; Volume = ������� ; Mass = ������

������� 0.789 g/mol


Mass of ethanol = ������ = 10 �� �������� x 100 = 7.89 g Ethanol

Solvent = Solution – Solute


Solute = Solution – Solvent
Solution = Solute + Solvent

Solvent = 100 mL solution – 7.89 g Ethanol = 92.11 g/mL water


Solution = 7.89 g + 92.11 g/mL = 100 g solution
� � �� ������ 7.89 � ��ℎ���� �
% � = � �� �������� � 100 ; 100 �� �������� � 100 = 7.89% �

D. The molecular weight of ethanol


CH3CH2OH WATER

C = 2 X 12.011 = 24.22 H = 2 X 1.0080 = 2.016


H = 6 X 1.0080 = 6.048 O = 1 X 15.999 = 15.999
O = 1 X 15.999 = 15.999 Total : 18.015 g/mol
Total : 46.267 g/mol

E. Number of moles of ethanol


���
M= �
; mol = M x L
1 ���
? mol Ethanol = 7.89 g Ethanol x 46.267 �/���
= 0.1715 mol Ethanol

F. Number of moles of water


1 ���
? mol Water = 92.11 g Water x 46.267 �/���
= 2.0024 mol Water

G. Mole fraction of ethanol


�� 7.89 ���ℎ����
Nethanol = �� = 46 �����/��� = 0.1715 g Ethanol
�� 92.11 � �����
NH2O = �� = 18.015 �����/��� = �. ���� g Water

 Direct Substitution:
�.���� g �� �������
XKI = �.���� g �� �������+ �.���� � �����
= 0.0331 is the mole fraction of Ethanol

ARRIANECYREL 1
H. Molarity
��
Formula to be used : M = �� � ���������

 Direct Substitution:
7.89 �����
M = 46 � � 0.25 � �������� = 0.6851 M
���

Note: 0.25 Lsolution came from the given volume of the solution which is 250 mL

1 ���
M =7.89 g x 46 ����� = 0.1715 mol
0.1715 mol
0.25 � ��������
= 0.6851 M

I. Molality
��
Formula to be used : M = �� � ���������

 Direct Substitution:
7.89 �����
M = 46 � � 0.09211 ��������� =1.8621 m
���

3. Laboratory ammonia is 14.8 M NH3 (aq) with a density of 0.8980 g/mL. What is the mole fraction of ammonia in this solution?
NOTE: In this problem we note that no volume of solution is stated, suggesting that our calculation can be based on any fixed volume of
our choice. A convenient volume to work with is one liter. We need to determine the number of moles of NH3 and of H2O in one liter of
the solution.
Given:
Molarity of Ammonia = 18.4 M
Density of Ammonia = 0.8980 g/mol
Molecular weight of ammonia = 17.031 g/mol
Solution:
E. Number of moles of ethanol
���
M= �
; mol = M x L
1 ���
? mol Ethanol = 7.89 g Ethanol x 46.267 �/���
= 0.1715 mol Ethanol

F. Number of moles of water


1 ���
? mol Water = 92.11 g Water x 46.267 �/���
= 2.0024 mol Water

G. Mole fraction of ammonia


�� 7.89 ���ℎ����
NNH3 = �� = 46 �����/��� = 0.1715 g Ethanol
�� 92.11 � �����
NH2O = �� = 18.015 �����/��� = �. ���� g Water

 Direct Substitution:
�.���� g �� �������
XKI = �.���� g �� �������+ �.���� � �����
= 0.0331 is the mole fraction of Ethanol

ARRIANECYREL 2
a. % w/w
 Looking at the given values, the amount of solution is in volume. Hence, convert the mass of KI into volume of KI using the
Density Formula:

���� ���� �������


Density = ������ ; Volume = ������� ; Mass = ������

���� 5 �����
Volume = ������� = 3.12 �/�� = 1.6026 mL KI
 Then, using the formula, Solution = Solute + Solvent, determine the amount of solvent in unit volume (transposed to have
the formula, solvent = solution – solute)
Solvent = Solution – Solute

Solvent = 250 mL – 1.6026 mL = 248.3974 mL water which is also equivalent to 248.3974 g


water since the density of water is 1g/mL

 Since you have 248.3974 grams as the amount of water in mass, use the formula, Solution = Solute + Solvent, to determine
the amount of the solution in mass
Solution = Solute + Solvent

Solution = 5 grams + 248.3974 grams = 253.3974 grams of solution

 Since you have: (1) mass of solute as 5 grams, and (2) mass of solution as 253.3974 g, use the formula below to
determine %w/w
� � �� ������ 5 ����� �� �
%� = � �� �������� � 100 ; 253.3974 ����� �������� � 100 = 1.9732% �

b. Mole fraction of the solute


 Since you already have the mass of each component, you can directly substitute them using the formula to determine moles:
�� 5 ����� ��
nKI = �� = 166 �����/��� = 0.0301 moles of KI
�� 248.3974 �����
NH2O = �� = 18 �����/���
= 13.7999 moles of H2O

 Direct Substitution:
0.0301 �����
XKI = 0.0301 �����+13.7999 ����� = 0.0022 is the mole fraction of KI

c. Molarity of the solution


��
Formula to be used : M = �� � ���������

 Direct Substitution:
5 �����
M = 166 � � 0.25 � �������� = 0.1205 M
���

Note: 0.25 Lsolution came from the given volume of the solution which is 250 mL

d. Molality of the solution


��
Formula to be used : M = �� � ���������

 Direct Substitution:
5 �����
M = 166 � � 0.2484 ��������� = 0.1213m
���

e. Normality (Solution)
�� � �
Formula to be used : N = �� � ���������

 Direct Substitution: consider that KI has a factor of 1


5 ����� � 1
M = 166 � � 0.25 ��������� = 0.1205 N
���

ARRIANECYREL 3

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