MOLARITY 40g NaOH 1L WATER

1L

First add 40g NaOH MOLALITY

 FORMULAS
Molality is defined as the number of
•Moles of solute dissolved per 1000 g (1 kg) of solvent. Molality is expressed as
'm'unit = Moles kg-1

Molarity (M) is the concentration of a solution expressed

as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution:

Molarity (M) = moles solute

liters solution
FORMALITY
= Number of gram formula mass of solute
Volume of solution in litres
• For ionic compounds we use the term gram
formula mass instead of molecular mass
• Hence new unit of concentration has been
introduced : Formality
•The number of gram formula mass of an ionic
solute dissolved per litre of solution at a
particular temperature.
 FORMULAS
% mass of element in a compound

= mass of element x 100

mass ofcompound
Calculate the molarity of pure
water at room temperature if its
density is 0.998g cm3

Formula:
Molarity (M) = moles solute
litres solution
Mass of 1000 cm3 of pure water
= density x volume
= 0.998 x ................
= ...........................

Molecular mass of water = 18

Number of moles of water present in 1000cm3

= ? =
18

Hence molarity of pure water at room temperature

is ..................M
 SOLUTION
Mass of 1000 cm3 of pure water
= density x volume
= 0.998 x 1000
= 998g

Molecular mass of water = 18

Number of moles of water present in 1000cm3

= 998 = 55.44
18

Hence molarity of pure water at room temperature is

55.44M
 FORMULAS
Mass % = Mass of solute x 100
Total mass of solution

Volume % = Volume of solute x 100

Total volume of solution

parts per million (ppm) = mass of substance x 106

mass of sample
Strength of solution:
w/w Mass percentange
Mass of solute in grams dissolved per
100g of solution.
10% urea solution means
............ urea in ..................g solution
Hence mass of solvent is 100 - .......
= .............g
 SOLUTION
10% urea solution means
10g urea in 100g solution
Hence mass of solvent is 100-10 = 90g
You have .25 mg of lead in 1L of drinking
water, what is that in ppm ?
parts per million (ppm) = mass of substance x 106
mass of sample

= ? x 106
?
= ................ppm
 SOLUTION

parts per million (ppm) = mass of substance x 106

mass of sample

= .25/1000 x 106
1000
= .25ppm
A concentrated solution of ammonia is
28.0% w/w NH3 and has a density of
0.899 g/mL.
What is the molar concentration of NH3
in this solution?
Molar mass of ammonia = 17g mol-1
28.0% w/w NH3 means 28 gm ammonia in 100
gm solution.

Now Density = mass /volume

So volume = Mass/Density = 100/.899 ml
For molarity:-
M = w/M  ×  1000/(V ml)
M = 28  × .899 x 1000
17 x 100
  = 14.8M
Mole fraction X is the ratio of moles of one substance in a mixture
to the total number of moles of all substances.
For a mixture of two substances, A and B,

the mole fractions of each would be written as follows:

XA = molA
molA+molB

XB = molB
molA+molB
2.82g of glucose ( 180g) in 30 g of water is
added.
Calculate:
a) Molality
b) Mole fraction of glucose in solution
c) Mass % of glucose in the solution
Moles of glucose = mass of glucose
molecular mass of glucose
= 2.82/? = 0.157 moles

Mass of water = 30/? kg

Molality (m) = ? x 1000

30
= ................m

Moles of water = mass of water molecular mass

= ?/18 = 1.667 moles

x gluccose = n glucose
n glucose + n water

= .0157 = .............. moles

.0157 + ?
Moles of glucose = mass of glucose
molecular mass of glucose
= 2.82/180 = 0.157 moles

Mass of water = 30/1000 kg

Molality (m) = 0.157 x 1000

30
= 0.52m

Moles of water = mass of water

molecular mass
= 30/18 = 1.667 moles

x gluccose = n glucose
n glucose + n water

= .0157 = .01 moles

.0157 + 1.667
Moles of water = 1- .01 = .99 moles

Mass % of glucose = mass of glucose x 100

mass of solution

= 2.82 x 100
2.82 + 30
Mohr’s salt is used as a reducing agent in
volumetric analysis. How will prepare 100cm3 of
0.25M aqueous Mohr’s salt solution?

(NH4)2SO4FeSO4.6H2O

Fe = 56
S = 32
O = 16
H = 1
N = 14
 Formula mass = 392 g/mol
Molarity (M) = moles solute
liters solution

Moles of solute = .25 x 100

1000
= .025 mol
Mass of solute = .025 x 392
= 9.8g
Dissolve 9.8g in water to make final volume 1L
50cm3 of 0.5 M ethyl alcohol is mixed with 100 cm3
of 0.2M ethyl alcohol solution.
Calculate molarity of the final solution.

1
1
0
1 0
0
0 0
c
0 c
m 50cm3 of 0.5 M
3 c m
3 50cm3 of 0.5 M
m
o 3
o
f
f
0 o
. f 0
. M
50cm32 of00.5 100 cm3 of 0.2M
2 ...........cm3
M .
Moles =......... Moles =............
2 M
M
Moles of ethyl alcohol in 50 cm3 of 0.5M solution

= Molarity x volume in litres

= 0.5 x 50 = 0.025mol
1000
Moles of ethyl alcohol in 100 cm3 of 0.2M solution

= Molarity x volume in litres

= 0.2 x 100 = 0.02mol

1000
Total moles = .025 + .02 = .045 moles
Molarity = moles x 1000
Volume of mixed solution

= .045 x 1000
150
= 0.3M
Concentrated sulphuric acid has a density
of 1.9g/mL and is 99% H2SO4 by weight.
Calculate molarity of H2SO4 in this acid.
Mass of 1000mL of acid = density x volume
= 1.9 x 1000
= 1900g

99% pure hence mass of acid in 1900g of sample

= 99 x 1900 = 1881g
100
Moles of acid in 1L = 1881/98 = 19.19
Hence molarity = 19.19M
A solution of ethanol in water is 1.6 molal .
How many grams of ethanol are present in
500g of solution?
1.6m mean 1.6 moles in 1000g water
Molecular mass of ethanol = .........
Mass of ethanol dissolved = ...... x 1.6 = ......
Total mass of solution = 73.6 + .........
= ..........
1073.6g solution has 73.6 g ethanol
500g solution has 73.6 x 500
?
= ..........
1.6m mean 1.6 moles in 1000g water
Molecular mass of ethanol = 46
Mass of ethanol dissolved = 46 x 1.6
= 73.6
Total mass of solution = 73.6 + 1000
= 1073.6
1073.6g solution has 73.6 g ethanol
500g solution has 73.6 x 500
1073.6
= 34.28g