Module -2

Solutions, Volumetric analysis and Water

Part 4
Solution, Concentration expressing terms-Molarity and related problems

Bulkeese A.V
Asst.Prof.of Chemistry
GPTC, Kalamassery
Solutions:
➢ A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
➢ The substance present in small amount is called solute and the substance
present in large amount is called solvent.
Solute + Solvent = Solution
Examples: (i) in NaCl solution, NaCl is the solute and water is the solvent
(ii) In the HCl solution, HCl is the solute and water is the solvent
(iii) In NaOH solution, NaOH is the solute and water is the solvent

➢ A solution containing very small amount of solute is called dilute solution.

➢ The solution containing very large quantity of solute is called concentrated
solution.
○
 The concentration of a solution refers to the amount of solute dissolved in a definite
amount of solvent.

Methods of expressing concentration of a solution:

The concentration of a solution can be generally expressed as:

1. Molarity (M)
2. Normality (N)

3. Parts per million (ppm)

Molarity (M):-
Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of the solute present in one litre of
the solution.
Molarity = Number of moles of solute = Number of moles of solute x 1000
Volume of solution in litre Volume of solution in mL

Number of moles of solute = Mass of solute (g)

Molecular mass of the solute

M = Mass of solute (g) × 1000 = W X 1000 = W

Molecular mass of the solute × Volume in mL m X V(mL) m x V (litre)
Where W is the mass of the solute in gram, m is the molecular mass of the solute and V is the
volume of the solution in mL.
➢ Molarity is the most widely used unit of concentration of solution.
➢ Since volume of solution depends on temperature, molarity is also dependent
on temperature.
➢ Unit of molarity is mol/L and it is denoted by the letter ‘M.’
 Atomic weight of some important elements

•H-1
•C-12
•O-16
•N-14
•Na-23
•K-39
•S-32
•Al-27
•Ca-40
•Cl-35.5
•P-31
 Problems:

1.Calculate the molarity of NaOH solution containing 96g. NaOH in 600 ml solution ?
Molarity = Mass of solute (g) × 1000 = W X 1000 m = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40
Molecular mass of the solute × volume in mL mXV = 96 × 1000
40 × 600 =4M

2. Calculate the molarity of Na CO solution if 1.075g of sodium carbonate is present in 250 ml of

2 3
its solution
Molarity = Mass of solute (g) × 1000 = W X 1000
Molecular mass of the solute × volume in mL mXV m = 23 x 2 + 12 +16 x 3 = 106

Molarity = 1.075× 1000

106×250 =0.04 M
 3. A solution is prepared by dissolving 2.88 g of KOH in water to give 500 ml of the
solution. Calculate the molarity of the solution.
Molarity = Mass of solute (g) × 1000 = W X 1000
Molecular mass of the solute × volume in mL mXV

Molarity = (2.88× 1000) m= 39 + 16 + 1 = 56

(56×500) =0.1028 M
4.Calculate the weight of oxalic acid, H C O .2H O required to prepare 250ml. of
2 2 4 2
0.15M solution ?
M= W x 1000
(m x V )
Molecular mass = 1x2 + 12x2 + 16x4 + 2 ( 1x2 + 16 ) = 126
W= MxmxV
1000
= 0.15 x 126 x 250
1000 = 4.725 g
1. 0.1 M solution of an acid contains 2.25g in 250 ml of its solution. What is the molar
mass of the acid ?

2. Calculate the weight of K CO required to prepare 250ml of 0.5M solution ( Atomic

2 3
mass of K=39).

3. Calculate the amount of oxalic acid, H C O .2H O required to prepare 300ml of

2 2 4 2
0.2M solution ?
1. 0.1 M solution of an acid contains 2.25g in 250 ml of its solution. What
is the molar mass of the acid?

M= (W x 1000)
mxV)
m= (W x 1000)
(Mx V )= (2. 25x 1000)
(0.1 x 250) = 90
2.Calculate the weight of K CO required to prepare 250ml of 0.5M solution (K=
39).
2 3

M= (W x 1000)
(m x V )

W = MxmxV
1000
m= 39 x 2 +12 + 16 x 3
= 0.5 x 138 x 250 = 17.25 M = 138
1000
3. Calculate the amount of oxalic acid, H C O .2H O required to prepare 300ml
2 2 4 2
of 0.2M solution?
M = (W x 1000)
(m x V )
Molecular mass = 1x2 + 12x2 + 16x4 + 2 ( 1x2 + 16 ) = 126
W = (M x m x V )
1000
= (0.2 x 126 x300)/1000 = 7.56 g