WHICH IS MORE

CONCENTRATED ???

BEAKER A BEAKER B
CONCENTRATION
OF
ACIDS & ALKALIS
 CONCENTRATION
 Quantity of solute in a given
volume of solution, which is
usually 1 dm3
REMEMBER THIS FORMULAE!!!

 Concentration = mass of solute (g)

volume of solution (dm3)

 Unit : g dm-3

 1 dm3 = 1000 cm3

 MOLARITY
is the number of moles of
solute that are present in 1
dm-3 of solution
REMEMBER THIS FORMULAE!!!

 Molarity = number of moles of solute (mol)

volume of solution (dm3)

 Unit: mol dm-3

REMEMBER THIS FORMULAE...!!!
X Molar mass

Molarity Concentration
(mol dm-3) (g dm-3)

÷ Molar mass
 REMEMBER THIS FORMULAE!!!

 Molarity = number of moles of solute (mol)

volume of solution (dm3)

# no. of mole (n) = molarity of solution (M)

X volume (V)
 In short….

n = MV

n = no. of moles of solute (mol)

M = molarity of solution (mol dm-3)
V = volume of solution (dm3)
 No of moles = mass of solute (g)
molar mass (g mol-1)
QUESTION 1
 Find
the concentration of a solution in
grams per dm3 when 36.5 g of
hydrogen chloride, HCl is dissolved in
water to make up 500 cm3 of solution.
QUESTION 2

 5.00g of copper (II) sulphate is

dissolved in water to form 500 cm3
solution. Calculate the concentration
of copper (II) sulphate solution in g
dm-3
QUESTION 3
 What is the mass of sodium
carbonate required to dissolve in
water to prepare a 200 cm3 solution
that contains 50 g dm-3 ?
QUESTION 4

A student dissolves 50.0 g of copper

(II) sulphate in water to make a 250
cm3 of solution. What is the
concentration of the solution in
g dm-3 ?
QUESTION 5
 Find the molarity of a solution which
is prepared by dissolving 0.30 mol of
sodium hydroxide, NaOH in distilled
water to make up 250 cm3 of solution.
QUESTION 6
 28.0g of potassium hydroxide is
dissolved in water to make a 200 cm3
of solution. Calculate the molarity of
potassium hydroxide solution
obtained.
[ RAM: H, 1; O, 16; K, 39]
QUESTION 7

 0.1mole of zinc nitrate is dissolved in

water to produce a solution with a
molarity of 0.2 mol dm-3. What is the
volume of zinc nitrate solution?
QUESTION 8
 The molarity of a bottle of nitric
acid,HNO3 solution is 2.0 mol dm-3.
What is the concentration of the
solution in g dm-3 ?
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1; N, 14;
O, 16]
QUESTION 9
 Calculate the molarity of a sodium
sulphate, Na2SO4 solution with a
concentration of 28.4 g dm-3 .
[ Relative atomic mass: O, 16; Na,
23; S, 32 ]
QUESTION 10
A potassium chloride solution has a
concentration of 14.9 g dm-3. What is
the molarity of this solution in mol dm-
3 ?

[ Relative atomic mass: Cl, 35.5; K,

39 ]
QUESTION 11
 The molarity of barium hydroxide
solution in a reagent bottle is 0.4 mol
dm-3. What is the concentration of this
solution in g dm-3?
[ Relative atomic mass: H, 1; O, 16; Ba,
137 ]
QUESTION 12
 4.0g of sodium carbonate powder,
Na2CO3 is dissolved in water and
made up to 250 cm3. What is the
molarity of the sodium carbonate
solution?
[ Relative atomic mass: C, 12; O, 16;
Na, 23 ]
QUESTION 13
 Calculate the mass of calcium
hydroxide in 50 cm3 of 0.01 mol dm-3
calcium hydroxide solution.
[ Relative atomic mass: H, 1; O, 16;
Ca, 40 ]
QUESTION 14
A 0.5 mol dm-3 lithium hydroxide
contains 6.0 g lithium hydroxide.
Calculate the volume of this solution.
[ Relative atomic mass: H, 1; Li, 7; O,
16 ]
PREPARATION
OF STANDARD
SOLUTIONS
 STANDARD SOLUTION

Standard solution is a solution that we

had already knew its concentration.

Volumetric flask is a apparatus with

certain volume to use preparation
standard solution
STEP IN THE PREPARATION
OF A STANDARD SOLUTION
STEP 1
- Calculate the mass of solute needed.

STEP 2
- Weigh out the exact mass of solute
needed.
STEP 3
- Dissolve the solute in a small amount of
distilled water.
STEP 4
- Transfer the dissolved solute into
a suitable volumetric flask.

STEP 5
- Add enough water to the required
volume.
PREPARATION
OF A SOLUTION
BY DILUTION
METHOD
 DILUTION

meaning

formula

preparation
 MEANING OF
DILUTION
 is a process of diluting a
concentrated solution by adding a
solvent such as water to obtain a
more diluted solution.
STEP IN THE PREPARATION
OF A SOLUTION BY DILUTION
METHOD
 Calculate the volume of stock
solution required.
 Pipette the required volume of
stock solution into a volumetric
flask.
 Add water to the required
volume
REMEMBER THIS
FORMULAE…!!!
M1 V1 = M2 V2
1000 1000

M1 V1 = M2 V2

M1 = concentration BEFORE dilution

V1 = volume BEFORE dilution
M2 = concentration AFTER dilution
V2 = volume AFTER dilution
 CALCULATIONS ON
MOLARITY

M1 = Initial molarity
M2 = Final molarity
V1 = Initial volume
V2 = Final volume

Thus the formula

M1V1 = M2V2
can be used to find the
new molarity
ANSWER THIS…
 what is the volume of 2.0 mol
dm-3 nitric acid needed to be
diluted with distilled water to
make 250 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3
nitric acid ?
SOLUTION….
Before dilution : M1 = 2.0 mol dm-3
V1 = ?
After dilution : M2 = 0.5 mol dm-3
V2 = 250 cm3

Using formula M1V1 = M2V2

(2.0 mol dm-3) V1 = 0.5 mol dm-3 (250 cm3)

V1 = 0.5 mol dm-3 (250 cm3)
2.0 mol dm-3
V1 = 62.5 cm3
QUESTION 2
50 cm3 of water is added to 200
cm3 of a 2 mol dm-3 solution of
NaOH. Determine the molarity of
the diluted solution.
QUESTION 3
What is the volume of 1.0 mol dm-3
HCl is required to be diluted with
distilled water to produce 100 cm3
of 0.1 mol dm-3 solution of HCl?