Jurutera AUG 2021

Innovation in
Marine Technology
AUGUST 2021
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JURUTERA contents
Number 08, AUGUST 2021 IEM Registered on 1 May 1959
MAJLIS BAGI SESI 2021/2022 (IEM COUNCIL SESSION 2021/2022)

YANG DIPERTUA / PRESIDENT
Ir. Ong Ching Loon
TIMBALAN YANG DIPERTUA / DEPUTY PRESIDENT
5 6 - 12
Ir. Prof. Dr Norlida bt Buniyamin
NAIB YANG DIPERTUA / VICE PRESIDENTS COVER NOTE & COVER STORY
Y.Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Ahmad Murad bin Omar, Ir. Mohd Aman bin Hj. Idris, Ir. Yau Chau Fong,
Ir. Chen Harn Shean, Ir. Prof. Dr Leong Wai Yie, Ir. Mohd Khir bin Muhammad,
Ir. Prof. Dr Ruslan bin Hassan
EDITOR’S NOTE A Naval Engineer’s Perspective on
SETIAUSAHA KEHORMAT / HONORARY SECRETARY Malaysia’s Shipbuilding and
Ir. Dr David Chuah Joon Huang Ship-Repair Industry
BENDAHARI KEHORMAT / HONORARY TREASURER
Ir. Fam Yew Hin
BEKAS YANG DIPERTUA TERAKHIR / IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT
Ir. David Lai Kong Phooi
BEKAS YANG DIPERTUA / PAST PRESIDENTS
14 - 23
Y.Bhg. Academician Tan Sri Datuk Ir. (Dr) Hj. Ahmad Zaidee bin Laidin, Ir. Dr Tan Yean Chin,
Y.Bhg. Dato’ Paduka Ir. Keizrul bin Abdullah, Y.Bhg. Academician Tan Sri Dato’ Ir. Prof. Dr Chuah
Hean Teik, Y.Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Lim Chow Hock
FEATURE
WAKIL AWAM / CIVIL REPRESENTATIVE
Ir. Yap Soon Hoe RMN Obsolescence Programme (OP): An Innovative and Unique
WAKIL MEKANIKAL / MECHANICAL REPRESENTATIVE
Ir. Dr Aidil bin Chee Tahir Project Spearheading SBSR in Malaysia
WAKIL ELEKTRIK / ELECTRICAL REPRESENTATIVE
Ir. Francis Xavier Jacob The Thing About Control Resistance & Seakeeping
WAKIL STRUKTUR / STRUCTURAL REPRESENTATIVE Behaviours of Semi-Swath
Ir. Gunasagaran Kristnan
WAKIL KIMIA / CHEMICAL REPRESENTATIVE
Ir. Dr Chong Chien Hwa
WAKIL LAIN-LAIN DISPLIN / REPRESENTATIVE TO OTHER DISCIPLINES
Ir. Dr Bhuvendhraa Rudrusamy
29
WAKIL MULTIMEDIA DAN ICT / ICT AND MULTIMEDIA REPRESENTATIVE
Ir. Jeewa Vengadasalam
WAKIL JURUTERA WANITA / WOMEN ENGINEERS REPRESENTATIVE
ENGINEER’S LENS
Ir. Rusnida bt Talib
WAKIL BAHAGIAN JURUTERA SISWAZAH / YOUNG ENGINEERS SECTION Leg Rowing in North Vietnam
REPRESENTATIVES
Mr. Kuugan Thangarajoo, Mr. Lim Yiren, Mr. Naveen Kumar, Ms. Tan Wen Jia,
Ms. Jacquelyne Anne Boudeville
AHLI MAJLIS / COUNCIL MEMBERS
Ir. Dr Tan Kuang Leong, Ir. Mah Siew Kien, Y.Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Mohd Azmi bin Ismail,
Ir. Ng Yong Kong, Ir. Dr Mui Kai Yin, Y.Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Noor Azmi bin Jaafar, Ir. Ting Chek Choon,
30 - 36
Ir. Sukhairul Nizam bin Abdul Razak, Ir. Lai Sze Ching, Y.Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Dr Ahmad Anuar bin
Othman, Ir. Dr Chan Swee Huat, Ir. Ellias bin Saidin, Ir. Mohd Radzi bin Salleh,
Dato’ Ir. Hj. Anuar bin Yahya, Ir. Dr Teo Fang Yenn, Ir. Prof. Dr Jeffrey Chiang Choong Luin FORUMS
Ir. Dr Siti Hawa bt. Hamzah, Ir. Dr Tan Chee Fai, Ir. Mah Way Sheng, Ir. Prof. Dr Zuhaina binti
Zakaria, Ir. Lee Cheng Pay, Ir. Dr Kannan a/l M. Munisamy, Ir. Dr Siow Chun Lim,
Ir. Wong Chee Fui, Ir. Dr Hum Yan Chai, Ir. Tiong Ngo Pu Sensor & Instrumentation Inland Waterways Management
AHLI MAJLIS / COUNCIL MEMBERS BY INVITATION for Ocean Applications in Relation to Inland Water
Ir. Yam Teong Sian, Ir. Gopal Narian Kutty, Ir. Sundraraj a/l Krishnasamy
Transportation Activities
PENGERUSI CAWANGAN / BRANCH CHAIRMAN
1. Pulau Pinang: Ir. Bernard Lim Kee Weng
2. Selatan: Ir. Wong Yee Foong Design & Construction of Four Seasons Place, Kuala Lumpur
3. Perak: Ir. Loh Ban Ho
4. Kedah-Perlis: Ir. Mohamad Shaiful Asrul bin Ishak
5. Negeri Sembilan: Ir. Chong Chee Yen Adaptive Updating of Soil Properties Through Monitoring Data for
6. Kelantan: Ir. Shaipuddin bin Shapii
7. Terengganu: Y.Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Wan Nazri bin Wan Jusoh Improved Prediction of Excavation Response
8. Melaka: Ir. Puvanasvaran a/l Perumal
9. Sarawak: Y.Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Janang Anak Bongsu
10. Sabah: Ir. Jeffrey Ng Vun Ping
11. Miri: Ir. Wong Siong Ung
12. Pahang: Ir. Ahmad Kamal bin Kunji
AHLI JAWATANKUASA INFORMASI DAN PENERBITAN/
37
STANDING COMMITTEE ON INFORMATION AND PUBLICATIONS 2021/2022
Pengerusi/Chairman: Ir. Prof. Dr Leong Wai Yie
Naib Pengerusi/Vice Chairman: Ir. Prof. Dr Zuhaina binti Zakaria
NEWS FROM BRANCH
Setiausaha/Secretary: Ir. Dr Hum Yan Chai
Ketua Pengarang/Chief Editor: Ir. Dr Leong Wai Yie IEM Melaka Pre - AGM Talk & 34th Annual General Meeting
Pengarang Prinsipal Buletin/ Principle Bulletin Editor: Ir. Prof. Dr Zuhaina binti Zakaria
Pengarang Prinsipal Jurnal/Principal Journal Editor: Ir. Prof. Dr Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Samad
39 41
Pengerusi Perpustakaan/Library Chairman: Ir. Dr Kannan a/l M.Munisamy
Ahli-Ahli/Committee Members: Ir. Ong Guan Hock, Ir. Yee Thien Seng, Ir. Chin Mee Poon,
Ir. Dr Oh Seong Por, Dr Sudharshan N. Raman, Ir. Dr Lai Khin Wee, Ir. Tiong Ngo Pu,
Ir. Dr Lee Tin Sin, Ir. Yap Soon Hoe, Ir. Dr Teo Fang Yenn, Ir. Dr Bhuvendhraa Rudrusamy,
Ir. Dr David Chuah Joon Huang, Ir. Tiong Ngo Pu, Ir. Lau Tai Onn, Ir. Yee Thien Seng,
Ir. CMM Aboobucker, Mr. Muhd Ashiq Marecan bin Hamid Marecan
LEMBAGA PENGARANG/EDITORIAL BOARD 2021/2022

CAMPUS NEWS ENGINEER’S ADVENTURE
Ketua Pengarang/Chief Editor: Ir. Dr Leong Wai Yie
Pengarang Prinsipal Buletin/ Principle Bulletin Editor: Ir. Prof. Dr Zuhaina binti Zakaria
Pengarang Prinsipal Jurnal/Principal Journal Editor: Ir. Prof. Dr Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Samad Virtual Tower Crane Train Ride to the End of the
Ahli-ahli/Committee Members: Ir. Lau Tai Onn, Ir. Ong Guan Hock, Ir. Yee Thien Seng, Competition 2021 World
Ir. Dr Oh Seong Por, Dr Sudharshan N. Raman, Ir. Dr Lai Khin Wee, Ir. Dr Teo Fang Yenn
Secretariat: Janet Lim, May Lee
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COVER NOTE
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E-mail: info@dimensionpublishing.com INNOVATION IN MARINE TECHNOLOGY
Website: www.dimensionpublishing.com
by Ir. Ts. Abdul Malik Hussein bin Abdul Jalil
Chairman, Marine & Naval Architecture Engineering Technical Division
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I
ROBERT MEBRUER
n this past decade, we have seen new and emerging
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2021
COVER STORY
A Naval Engineer’s Perspective on
Malaysia’s Shipbuilding
and Ship-Repair Industry
COVER STORY
Rear Admiral Datuk

Ir. Ts. Adli Chung
has been Chief
Engineer of the
Royal Malaysian
Navy (RMN) since
2018. He is also
Head of Maritime
Wo r k i n g Group
Secretariat of the
Malaysian Industry Council for Defence,
Enforcement and Security (MIDES). In
2017, Bureau Veritas Paris appointed
him a Board Member for BV Naval Ship
Committee, based on his expertise,
experience and knowledge of the maritime
industry. He has authored 2 books,
including one related to ship-repair
guidelines for RMN vessels.
He holds a Bachelor’s Degree in

Mechanical Engineering with First Class
Honours from University of Technology
Malaysia and a Master’s Degree with
Distinction in Engineering Science from
the University of New South Wales,
Australia.
COVER STORY
A
Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) MAKING A MARK IN in Malaysian waters must be owned
Chief Engineer since 2018, MALAYSIA’S GDP and built by Malaysians or different
Rear Admiral Datuk Ir. Ts. Shipyards in Malaysia contribute charges or rates of services would be
Mohd Shaiful Adli Chung’s role lies significantly towards the national imposed otherwise.
mainly in three aspects. The first economy (GDP) through shipbuilding On a positive note, he noted that
is to oversee policy matters and and ship-repairs. Petroliam Nasional Bhd (PETRONAS)
engineering conduct pertaining According to the Malaysian recently set a few requirements for
to engineering aspects and their Shipbuilding/Ship-repair Industry new offshore support vessel (OSV)
implementation to ensure the report (2017/2018), Malaysia’s contracts. One of these was that the
upkeep of RMN assets so that they revenue from the SBSR industry was new OSVs had to be built in the local
are at high operating readiness. RM8.66 billion. This included revenue shipyards and that the bidders had
These assets include helicopters, from various sub-sectors such as to obtain financing locally, including
surface warships, submarines and shipyards, manufacturing and design from foreign banks operating in
offshore stations. houses. Malaysia.
Then, as Chief Engineer, he Malaysia’s shipbuilding export “The other challenge that our
manages the financial aspect of RMN also experienced an upward trend SBSR industry faces is that it does
assets maintenance and repairs for from 2015. In 2017, export was RM1.08 have an active long-term blueprint
contracts, major schedule routine billion compared to RM0.78 billion in but one formulated in 2013/2014.
maintenance, repairs and so on. He 2016. Thus, the said blueprint required
also supervises engineering personnel Datuk Adli Chung said that since inputs, updates, new assessments and
in RMN to ensure each of the more Malaysia is a maritime nation, it is pledges from all relevant stakeholders
than 30 professional engineers, 200 vital that the shipbuilding and ship- and needed to be sound in order for
engineers and approximately 2,500 repair sector be strengthened. it to reach certain milestones,” said
technicians under him, attained “As 95% of Malaysian commerce Datuk Adli Chung.
career development and progress. is carried out through sea lines, it Another major concern which
makes sense for us to ensure that can be a challenge for the industry is
RMN’S CONTRIBUTION our shipping industry is bolstered. that the tax imposed on raw materials
TOWARDS SBSR Otherwise, we will see an outflow of has short term exemption. Because
With regards to the local shipbuilding resources,” he explained. of this, shipyards find it difficult to
and ship-repair (SBSR) industry, Datuk In 2019, Malaysia ranked 24th stay competitive in the shipbuilding
Adli Chung believes that RMN is one in terms of ships built by country. and ship-repairing business. “Right
of the major players and contributors This was based on a report by the now, the government has provided
to the sector. “RMN allocates United Nations Conference on Trade a bona fide status (tax exemption)
approximately RM300-RM400 million & Development (UNCTAD). Malaysia for raw materials until 2022. However,
annually for ship repairs in shipyards also ranked 7th in the world for shipbuilding takes time and current
in Malaysia through open tenders offshore support vessels (OSVs) built projects are expected to exceed
– both in the peninsula as well as in with combined BHP (Brake Horse the time period provided. When that
Sabah and Sarawak,” he said. “This Power). happens, Malaysian shipyards will not
is to ensure that each shipyard in be able to compete on an equal level
Malaysia can continue to operate, do CHALLENGES IN MALAYSIAN playing field with other nations,” he
business, progress further and survive. SBSR INDUSTRY said.
It will also prevent monopoly by any Although the outlook for the
one company.” Malaysian SBSR industry is bright, it INITIATIVES TO BOOST THE
RMN can also be considered is not free from challenges. Among INDUSTRY
big cheese in the development of the main challenges are those Datuk Adli Chung said that in
shipbuilding. Currently, there are close related to policy matters such as the order to drive our SBSR industry
to 100 shipyards in Malaysia, with the non-implementation of an effective further, there are several initiatives
majority in Sarawak and one third blueprint as well as tax on certain raw that can be carried out. One is
in Peninsular Malaysia. Datuk Adli materials and equipment. the establishment of a so-called
Chung said that about 20 of these “Malaysia lacks a policy on the Backyard Industry, where peripheral
are registered under the Ministry of use of Malaysian-built vessels in services that support SB and SR are
Defence (MinDef). These shipyards Malaysian waters, unlike countries collocated within a certain vicinity
are mostly small ones, with only such as Indonesia,” said Datuk Adli or region in the country. The placing
around 15 per cent having a medium Chung, adding that there should be a of these at strategic locations will
level of automation. policy to state that vessels operating ensure a shorter service time by
8 JURUTERA THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA AUGUST 2021

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COVER STORY
1st Malaysian Designed OSV (Artist Impression)

Source: The Malaysian Shipbuilding/Ship-repair Industry report 2017/2018
these shipyards and in a more tankers or cargo ships,” said Datuk The Repowering Programme is
cost-effective manner. He said such Adli Chung. “Last but not least, there another initiative along the same
Backyard Industries eco-systems are is an innovative initiative that has just lines as the OP, said Datuk Adli Chung.
common in South Korea and certain been started by the RMN, known as This is currently being carried out in
European countries as well. the Obsolescence Programme (OP).” Sandakan, Sabah and Perak (Lumut).
The next initiative is for the He said RMN is the first agency “Here too, we are the first agency
government to separate design in Malaysia (and in Asia) to embark in Malaysia and Asia to carry out work
and construction into two different on this type of programme where old on the replacement of both propulsion
exercises when tendering the building vessels are awarded to a shipyard for system and power generation
of a new vessel. This will create a lot of refitting and in lieu, are being re-hulled system in a dedicated project. In this
spillover in the SBSR industry and also instead of being repaired. programme, the propulsion system of
in higher education. “Some parts which are considered to a vessel, which includes the engine,
He said: “Once these are split, it is be capital equipment, such as guns, will gearbox, propeller, shaft line and power
possible to impose a policy that states be salvaged and reused because they generation system such as generator
that the design must be done locally are very costly to purchase,” explained set, together with the entire associated
and by a local design house. Right Datuk Adli Chung, adding that the equipment, is replaced,” he said.
now, since there is no separation and vessels generally
as we do not have certain capabilities get to maintain their
in terms of construction, everything capabilities but
is taken up by foreign shipyard are fitted with new
companies.” configurations.
Another idea to boost Malaysian This programme
SBSR is to focus on the building of is currently on-
niche vessels which can capture the going with one
international market. These include vessel being
offshore supply vessels, fishing vessels almost completed
and certain offshore platforms for oil in Terengganu.
and gas operations. Two more vessels
“We should not try to venture into will be joining the
types of vessels that other countries programme soon.
are better at producing. Instead, Eligible shipyards
we should focus on what we are are required to
good at producing. For example, we participate in the
A floating dock is one of the Water Depth Solution
cannot compete with China or South tender for the OP of for shipyards in Malaysia
Korea when it comes to building oil these vessels. Source: The Malaysian Shipbuilding/Ship-repair Industry report 2017/2018

COVER STORY
Since the programme started was expensive. “To ensure that the “One way is to put in place
in 2017, at least five shipyards have speed and reliability of a vessel are internship programmes,” he
benefitted from normal refitting guaranteed after repowering, the said, adding that the RMN had
tenders, giving the RMN high returns Navy employs naval architects to collaborated with a few universities
of investments (ROI) and helping to conduct power prediction, speed in the past to expose students to the
boost the SBSR industry in the country. evaluation, stability assessment and SBSR industry from early on.
Initially, the timeframe for each verification. Otherwise, the shipyard Another way is to have
refitting was 7 months as it was usually could be subjected to a penalty,” he engineering working groups where
hard to obtain the spare parts needed. said. academicians can assist the industry
“These spare parts had to be sourced with issues and challenges that
from various places around the world INTEGRATION WITH they face. Academicians should
and, where they couldn’t be found, ACADEMIA also engage with design houses
they had to be manufactured,” said In order to guarantee the future of which have the capabilities and use
Datuk Adli Chung, adding that they the SBSR industry, it is important to programmes that are not subjected
have now succeeded in reducing the have integration with the academia. to copyright issues. “One example is
timeframe to only 4 months. According to Datuk Adli Chung, a few MTCMS (a good design house for the
He said that repowering a vessel developed countries have managed modification or ship-design of vessels)
had been found to be a far more to do so and these may provide which universities such as University of
competitive method than overhauling Malaysia with an idea of how it can Technology Malaysia (UTM) or UniKL
as maintaining old equipment be implemented. can collaborate with,” he said.
Number of shipyards and their locations in Malaysia

Source: The Malaysian Shipbuilding/Ship-repair Industry report 2017/2018
AUGUST 2021 THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA JURUTERA 11

COVER STORY
Whatever the case, there needs “Firstly, the tender price at our production and in certain areas, use
to be a structured framework instead shipyards must be competitive robotics instead.
of individual initiatives in order to compared to that of our neighbouring “Malaysian shipyards need to
encourage and enhance further countries, besides producing good be in line with 4IR concepts and to
the education programmes for the quality,” said Datuk Adli Chung. He employ data analyses in their work,”
betterment of the industry in the said that for this to happen, there said Datuk Adli Chung. “Our shipyards
future. needs to be an optimisation of must also produce quality work and
resources at all levels. This means create a brand name for themselves
THE WAY FORWARD shipyards need to learn to be efficient and the country.”
In order for the Malaysian SBSR and cost effective in their operations He said a few shipyards, including
industry to progress and prosper, a and production. He added that our small and medium enterprises, had
few action plans need to be set up shipyards can learn a lot from South been successful in doing so. It is only in
and carried out by the industry and Korean shipyards which optimise their this way, he added, that Malaysia can
the government. human capital efficiently, use a lot compete globally in the future and
of optimisation of resources during uplift the SBSR industry significantly.

SIMPRO ENGINEERING SDN. BHD. 199701015320 (430817-D)
58, Plaza Puchong, Jalan Puchong Mesra 1, 58200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FEATURE
RMN OBSOLESCENCE PROGRAMME (OP):

AN INNOVATIVE AND UNIQUE PROJECT
SPEARHEADING SBSR IN MALAYSIA
by Rear Admiral Datuk Ir. Ts.

Mohd Shaiful Adli Chung
T
he Malaysian shipbuilding and ship-repair (SBSR) Currently, KD Perkasa is undergoing OP at Geliga
industry will celebrate its 110th anniversary soon. It Shipyard in Kemaman, Terengganu, and RMN plans to
had grown significantly from its humble start in 1912 place 2 more ships in the programme through an open
when the Brooke Shipyard was established in Sarawak. tender procurement process. OP made history as the first
Currently, there are 99 shipyards registered in the country, programme of its kind to be implemented in the Asian
of which 68 are located in Sabah and Sarawak. region for both war and merchant ships.
In 2015, our SBSR industry was ranked 18th largest in The implementation of OP on RMN vessels has
the world. However, with the recent downturn in the oil and received due attention from the Economic Planning Unit
gas industry and Covid-19 pandemic outbreak, it is now (EPU) in the Prime Minister’s Department. If successful,
facing tough challenges and a more uncertain future. The EPU intends to extend the programme to other relevant
Malaysian SBSR boom-and-bust trend in recent decades agencies because:
needs to be addressed and evaluated to ensure the 1. The cost of Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul is almost
industry’s survival. equal in value to the cost of OP but the latter has a
To ensure sustainable and continuous shipbuilding higher Return of Investment.
activities, innovative and creative approaches are 2. On completion of OP, future Operating Expenditure is
needed to spur the industry, particularly programmes expected to be less burdensome since the Mean Time
that have a huge spillover effect on the local marine Between Outages of new equipment is longer.
industry. With this in mind, the Royal Malaysian Navy 3. Ship lifespan and logistical support for the next 15 years
(RMN) recently introduced its latest Obsolescence at least are guaranteed.
Programme (OP) which would help spearhead and boost 4. There is no risk of Variation Order since the scope of
the local SBSR industry. work for OP is all inclusive.
Through OP, scheduled maintenance of naval For further details and enquiries on OP, kindly email the
vessels are carried out in-lieu of refit, but using a different author at shaifuladlichung@navy.mil.my
methodology, one involving the replacement of the entire
hull (re-hull) and equipment, including propulsion and Author’s Biodata
power generation systems. Legacy equipment that is not Rear Admiral Datuk Ir. Ts. Mohd Shaiful Adli Chung is Chief Engineer
obsolete will be “salvaged”, refurbished and reassembled of the Royal Malaysian Navy and Head of Maritime Working Group
Secretariat, of Malaysian Industry Council for Defence, Enforcement
into the new hull. In other words, with OP, a new vessel will & Security. He is a Committee Member of IEM’s Marine Engineering &
be built using certain legacy equipment. Naval Architecture Technical Division for 2021/2022.

FEATURE
Artist Impression
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FEATURE
THE THING ABOUT CONTROL
by Ir. Prof. Ts. Dr

Mohd Rizal Arshad
feedback loop which will link the output stage to the

desired input stage. A system or plant will be one major
block in either an open or closed-loop control system
representation. The parameters of the plant can be either
fixed or dynamic, i.e. it varies with time. This time variant
or invariant system will be crucial in understanding the
behaviour of the system to input response. The plant can
then be represented in a mathematical model, either in
the transfer function mode or state-space representations.
A Generic Feedback Control System Representation The number of input and output will also affect the way a
particular system is analysed (SISO, MIMO, SIMO & MISO).
A sensor block in the feedback loop is represented by an
CONTROL FREAK array of internal and external sensor modules. The accuracy
O
ur urge to control our environment is so strong and sensitivity of the sensors are critical to ensure the
that we often feel uneasy when placed in an system time response is acceptable. This time factor is
unfamiliar environment. This may be due to the also termed as sampling time. Another important block
“fight or flight” instinct or perhaps it is just an innate urge is the controller block which handles the error (difference
to exercise control over others. We do it to both inanimate between desired and output values) and ensures that
objects and living beings. We are the inadvertent and input to the system will bring the output nearer to the
willing master of the universe. desired value or that they will converge.
Well, if we can arrange things according to our whims, Various control approaches have been proposed and
we would like very much to be king and make others will continue to be developed in order to handle external
subservient to us. Alas, the world is not totally cooperative in disturbance and non-linearity components of the plant.
this. We are inherently weak though we have the power The most practical system is inherently non-linear and the
of intellect which allows humans to have a sense of control disturbances are mostly non-deterministic. The accuracy
over the world. Through this natural equilibrium, man has of the plant and variable input models will be pertinent
learnt to adapt his needs to what he can actually acquire. to the reliability of the chosen control approach.
He is now more pragmatic from the control point of view.
We may not be able to acquire everything, but surely THE LAW
we can acquire something. And while we may not be able A control designer is always obsessed about accurate
to control everything, we can surely control some things. modelling of the real system being controlled. He strives
The main aim is to be able to control the most important hard to understand all the constraints and limitations of
parameters. With this, the control urge can somewhat be the current system model. The more information he has,
realised and fulfilled. the more controllable is the system. Real appreciation
of the external disturbances is also important and
BUILDING BLOCKS many methods have been proposed to ensure desired
Any system can be represented as a control system block. performances are achieved. The important thing is to
Unless it is an open loop system, there will always be a arrive at the best control law that will reduce errors to zero.

FEATURE
It may be very taxing and time consuming to design, analysis and test the
control approach on a real or actual system as the actual system complexity
increases. Hence, mathematical and simulation approaches in controller
design will be crucial and cost-effective. Because of this dependence on
mathematical representations or model of the system, the methods for
extracting model must be considered carefully.Various methods to implement CHINT
the developed control law, i.e. by injecting input triggers and disturbance
are conducted. These are done in order to test the controller robustness and SUPERIOR
frequency response.
At the same time, new control theories are continuously being developed
SWITCHES
while the more implementable control methods are realised. Control laws in
living organisms are continuously being emulated to man-made systems.
Some hybrid control methods have also been investigated. Three main aims
of a control system are stability, tracking and regulating applications. These
cover most of the man-made applications and, as long as new machines
and system are invented, new and more innovative control methods will
always be developed.
FUNDAMENTAL KNOWLEDGE
The progress of the modern civilisation has boosted the need for newer and
more reliable control algorithms. As the system complexity increases and
more unique applications are invented, unique and more cost-effective
controllers are required. A complex control system normally requires very
complex hardware implementations and as such, generalisation is not
desirable since the set-up will not be sustainable. The challenge is in being
able to utilise simple control laws for complex control applications and with
simple hardware implementations. This is a utopian aim but one that will
boost and encourage more research work in control theories and control
algorithms. Probably a fundamental shift of how we look at control methods
is required.
Our approach to novel control design is strictly bounded by accepted
control theories and accepted constraints. Hopefully, one day, these
unquestioned boundaries will be reconsidered and new control laws will
emerge. One thing for sure, the variances in human needs are unlimited and
so are control requirements.
“Authority is nothing without power and power is nothing without
control” – m.rizal.
Author’s Biodata
Ir. Prof. Ts. Dr Mohd Rizal Arshad is a full professor and Deputy Vice Chancellor in Academic
& International at Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). His areas of specialisation are ocean
robotics and instrumentation, control and intelligent system.
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FEATURE
RESISTANCE & SEAKEEPING

BEHAVIOURS OF SEMI-SWATH
by Prof. Dr Adi Maimun

bin Abdul Malik
T
he applications of twin-hull vessels, particularly designs, cannot be neglected. It can be shown that the
the Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull (SWATH) and SWATH vessel, with its small waterplane area, performs
conventional Catamaran vessels, are shown in better in large pitch motion due to low stiffness as the
Figures 1 and 2. Both types of vessels provide better speed increases. According to [3], and [4], the low
seakeeping quality than mono-hull vessels. In the early value of this parameter is linked to its insufficient values of
days, twin-hull high-speed vessels had a reputation for longitudinal metacentric height (GML). Consequently, this
poor seakeeping performance when encountering head will lead to pitch instabilities and cause slamming, deck-
sea at high forward speed. This bad reputation was due to wetness, excessive trim or even bow diving and degrade
their tendency for larger pitch motions or even bow diving the passenger comfort.
and more severe dynamic structural loads than mono-hull
vessels. Consequently, these became a direct threat to
vessel comfortability and safety.
Figure 2: Catamaran vessel profile and section [1]
Having considered some extensive reviews of several

obtainable advantages from both SWATH and conventional
catamaran hull forms, an alternative hull form design is
Figure 1: Conventional SWATH vessel profile and section [1] proposed which overcomes or minimises the drawbacks.
The proposed design concept is a combination of
According to [2], the inherent advantages of SWATH conventional catamaran and SWATH hull features.
vessels, as compared to the conventional catamaran, are Based on the reviews for both SWATH and catamaran
in its smaller waterplane area which provides smaller wave vessels, a new design concept which satisfies the design
excitation forces, lower amplitude motion associated with requirements, has been developed. In addition, this new
its lower acceleration responses and better seakeeping modified hull form configuration emphasises variable
performance. Furthermore, due to its smaller waterplane draught operations i.e. shallow and deep draughts. This is
area, SWATH vessels have a larger natural period which is the Semi-SWATH vessel. See Figure 3.
twice as long as the natural periods of roll, pitch and heave [5] and [6] are investigations into the hybrid design
of a mono-hull of comparable size. The advantages of hull form. The Semi-SWATH configurations generally offer
conventional catamaran features, as compared to SWATH two traits which make the most of the benefits of the Semi-
vessels, are shallower draft and lower cost of construction. SWATH vessel. Firstly, the primary premise is to maintain
The larger waterplane areas catamaran as compared to good seakeeping quality. Secondly, it is intended to
the SWATH vessel has increased stiffness which results in an prevent the bow diving phenomena at high speeds. This
improved longitudinal stability. means the maturity of the Semi-SWATH vessel is an
Conversely, the drawbacks of SWATH vessels and improvement on the conventional Catamaran and SWATH
conventional catamarans due to their geometrical vessel performances considerably.

FEATURE
Figure 3: Profile of the Semi-SWATH as coastal passenger ferry
HULL RESISTANCE OF SEMI-SWATH SEMI-SWATH WITH FINS STABILISER THROUGH CFD

This study was carried out on the Semi-SWATH model in The model used in this study was the Semi-SWATH with
two different modes: Catamaran and SWATH. These modes fixed fin at fore and adjustable fin at aft of the hull; the
are classified according to the different draught (T) of the positions of the fins are shown in Figure 6.
vessel, which are 0.12m and 0.16m for the Catamaran
and SWATH modes respectively. Figure 4 shows the plots of
resistance coefficients of Cf (Friction), Cr (Residual) and Ct
(Total) against Froude number (Fn). The total resistance is
shown to have a maximum at around 0.5 Fn and reduces
with further increase of the Fn. This is due to the lift
created by the hull and fins, hence reducing the wetted Figure 6: Location of fore fin and aft fin on the model
surface area of the vessel. Figure 5 shows the comparison
of total resistance coefficient, Ct between catamaran Figure 7 shows the validation of total resistance for
and SWATH modes. The SWATH mode has higher total the model test with simulation results at different angle
resistance coefficient due to the deeper draught and of attack of the fins stabiliser at aft. It was found that the
larger waterplane area as compared to catamaran mode. computational result showed up to 11% maximum average
error. According to [7], this error is caused mainly by the
limitation of the computational tools in producing good
computational grid and simulating the turbulence free
surface flow in the complex hull form.
Figure 4: Resistance coefficient of Semi-SWATH in Cat Mode
Figure 7: Comparison curve between the computational and

experimental results of the Semi-SWATH total resistance for case
Figure 5: Resistance coefficient of Semi-SWATH at different modes (a) AftFin0deg (b) AftFin5deg (c) AftFin15deg (d) AftFin-15deg [7]

FEATURE
The total resistance of the Semi-SWATH was computed by computational
fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation from summation of the calculated forces
which were pressure resistance and friction resistance. The resistances were
numerically computed for all cases of bare hull only and bare hull with
fins. It was agreed that the set-up and physical conditions for simulation of
appended hull cases were applicable to simulation for cases which were
not performed via the experiment. The comparison between the pressure
resistance and friction resistance coefficient of bare hull and appended
Semi-SWATH is presented in Figures 8 and 9. Note that the friction resistance
coefficient from simulation has almost similar values for all cases as a result
Our products:
of the applied even keel condition in the steady state simulation. The effect
of dynamic condition on friction resistance is not obtained from the steady
state simulation.
Figure 8: The pressure resistance coefficient curve from CFD simulation

for the bare hull Semi-SWATH and with different aft fin angle
Figure 9: The friction resistance coefficient curve from CFD simulation

for the bare hull Semi-SWATH and with different aft fin angle
The comparisons in Figure 8 and 9 display the smallest resistance

coefficient values of the Bare Semi-SWATH case at all speeds, in contrast
: 012 355 9151
to other cases. The higher generated resistance produced by Semi-SWATH : 012 329 3378 (Whatsapp only)
with fin stabilisers revealed the fin installation increase for both pressure
and friction resistance. This finding suggests that the appendage stabilising
No. 45-3, Jalan PJU 5/20
system is not applicable to reducing the resistance of Semi-SWATH in all
The Strand, Kota Damansara
speed conditions in the fixed fin configuration, which differ from the findings 47810 Petaling Jaya
of [8] and [9]. Selangor Darul Ehsan
The pressure resistance coefficient values of AftFin15deg were the
Tel : 603 6142 6638
highest among others until Fr=0.58. Dramatic resistance changes of AftFin- Fax : 603 6142 6693
15deg case caused the resistance coefficient value of the case to be the Email : leehuiseng@nehemiahwalls.com
highest at Fr >0.58, replacing the resistance of AftFin15deg. The resultant Email : enquiry@nehemiahwalls.com

FEATURE
forces produced from the incoming flow through the maintain good seakeeping and stability capabilities. This
fins greatly influenced the Semi-SWATH resistance by the design is now called the Semi-SWATH vessel. In addition,
changing of the fin angle. the full design of this vessel is equipped with fixed fore fins
and controllable aft fins attached to each lower hull.
WAKE WASH ANALYSIS FOR SEMI-SWATH In research work conducted by [1], the seakeeping
This study deals with the wave profile around a Semi-SWATH performance of the Semi-SWATH was evaluated using
hull as shown in Figure 10, which is an important aspect a time-domain simulation approach. The effect of fin
to be analysed in predicting wake wash. Experimental stabiliser on the bare hull performance is considered.
work may not offer accurate wave patterns due to the The validity of numerical evaluation is then compared
environmental condition. Better wave profiles can be with model experiments as shown in Figures 12 and 13 for
obtained by using a CFD simulation tool. Patterns of wave heave and pitching respectively. Generally, the comparison
amplitude of the hull depend on the pressure distribution. between a simulation programme and experimental
Similar patterns with wave profile at same Froude number results, gives the confidence to develop seakeeping
(Figure 11) show that pressure distribution contributes to prediction by utilising the simulation programme.
wave pattern around the hull [10].
Figure 12: RAOs validation of heave at fin angle;

aft = 5o with fore = 15o and aft = 10 o with fore = 15o
Figure 10: Isometric view for Semi-SWATH model (hull)
Figure 13: RAOs validation of pitch at fin angle;

aft = 5 o with fore = 15o and aft = 10 o with fore = 15 o
Figure 11: Wave profile and pressure distribution of Semi-SWATH

(Catamaran mode) at Froude number 0.68 [10]
SEAKEEPING PERFORMANCE
The proposed design concept presented in this paper is
a combination of the catamaran and SWATH hull features
which will lead to a reduction in bow diving but still Figure 14: Seakeeping test at Marine Technology Centre, UTM

FEATURE
The model test was carried out in the towing tank
at the Marine Technology Laboratory, UTM (Figure 14). REFERENCES
According to [1], the results of the model tests (Figure 15) [1] Fitriadhy, A. (2007). Seakeeping evaluation of semi-SWATH vessel in
for various fixed fins angles as compared to bare hull head-seas using time domain simulation (Master dissertation, UTM,
vessel at T = 2.0 m and Vs = 15 knots showed that the Malaysia).
heave and pitch motions were reduced by a maximum of [2] Rahimuddin. (2013). Seakeeping Performance of Semi-SWATH in
Following Sea Using Controlled Fins Stabilizer (Doctoral dissertation,
32.14% (heave) and 37.95% (pitch).
UTM).
[3] Djatmiko, E. B., (2004). “Effect of Stabilising Fins on The SWATH
Ship Heave and Pitch Motion Characteristics”, Malaysia, Martech 4th
Regional Conference. (4), 14-40.
[4] Dubrovskiy, V. A., and Lyakhoviyskiy, A., (2001). “Multi-Hull
Ships”, Backbone Publishing Company United States of America,
USA, 225.
[5] Holloway, D. S. (1999). A high Froude number time domain strip
theory applied to the seakeeping of semi-SWATHs (Doctoral
dissertation, University of Tasmania).
[6] Holloway, D. S., & Davis, M. R. (2003). Experimental Seakeeping
Figure 15: RAOs of heave and pitch for bare hull vessel of Semi-SWATHs at Intermediate to High Froude Numbers. The
and with various angles of fins University of Tasmania, 1-18.
[7] Ali, A. (2017). Effects of Fin Stabilisers Configurations on Semi-
SWATH Resistance (Doctoral dissertation, UTM).
CONCLUSION
[8] Salas, M., & Tampier, G. (2013). Assessment of appendage effect on
Based on several studies on the hydrodynamic forward resistance reduction. Ciencia y tecnología de buques, 7 (13),
performance of the Semi-SWATH used in this article, it 37-45.
has been briefly evaluated in terms of resistance and [9] Ram, B. R. R., Surendran, S., & Lee, S. K. (2015). Computer and
seakeeping behaviour. The Semi-SWATH hull design shows experimental simulations on the fin effect on ship resistance. Ships
and Offshore Structures, 10 (2), 122-131.
improvement in terms of acceleration and endurance
[10] Ali, A., Maimun, A., & Ahmed, Y. M. (2014). Numerical Simulation on
capability in the waves especially with foils attached. In
Wave Interference of Catamaran with Fin Stabilizer. Jurnal Teknologi,
addition, the development of computer technology has 66 (2).
provided the easiest way to perform an analysis using CFD.
Nowadays, CFD has become a powerful tool for solving
Author’s Biodata
hydrodynamics problems. However, validation is still a very
important part where the percentage of error needs to Prof. Dr Adi Maimun bin Abdul Malik is Head of Marine Offshore &
Hydrodynamics Research Group, Marine Technology Centre, Faculty of
be minimised. This is to ensure that the analytical data is Mechanical Engineering, UTM. He is also a Committee Member of the
reliable. Marine Engineering & Naval Architecture Technical Division.
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ENGINEER'S LENS
LEG ROWING IN
Ir. Dr Oh Seong Por
Ir. Dr Oh Seong Por is the
immediate past chairman of
NORTH VIETNAM
IEM Negeri Sembilan Branch.
R
owing a boat means to propel it
through the water by using oars.
A rower normally uses the hands to
move the oar to displace water; this creates
propulsion and enables the boat to ply
through the water. However, at Tam Coc
Village in North Vietnam, the villagers use
their feet to row the boat. It is a unique rowing
technique and it comes with several good
ergonomic values.
Firstly, the rower uses his feet to control
the oars, somewhat similar to pedalling a
bicycle. As he moves his legs, the oar bars
press and slide within the bared foot bottom.
This creates a reflexology effect on the feet
and offer a fair share of relaxation while
rowing.
Secondly, the rower sits with his back
resting on a support and only uses his
strong leg muscles. There is no unnecessary
strain on the back. In contrast, with the
conventional hand rowing method, the back
bends and twists, which means it is subjected
to stress and this may lead to backache.
Thirdly, leg rowing allows the rower to
sit back with a head-up position and look
straight at the front view or where the boat
is heading. It also frees the rower’s hands for
handling other tasks like answering a phone
call, holding an umbrella or snapping a
photo, all of which are not possible if one is
using the hands to row.

FORUM MARINE AND NAVAL ARCHITECTURE ENGINEERING TECHNICAL DIVISION
SENSOR & INSTRUMENTATION

FOR OCEAN APPLICATIONS
by Ir. Ts. Abdul Malik

Hussein bin Abdul Jalil
O
n 9 March 2021, the Marine Engineering & Naval measured quantities were also further described (e.g.
Architecture Technical Division (MNATD) organised acoustic, magnetic, electrical etc). The important factors
a webinar titled Sensor & Instrumentation for of influence when selecting any particular sensor was
Ocean Applications. The talk was delivered by Ir. Prof. further emphasised as shown in Table 1.
Dr Mohd Rizal bin Arshad, Deputy Vice Chancellor of The different types of sensors could be categorised
academic and international office at University Malaysia into motion sensors, strain gauges, temperature sensors,
Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia. His areas of specialisation capacitance transducers, accelerometers, light sensors,
are ocean robotics and instrumentation, control magnetic field sensors and ultrasonic sensors. There were
and intelligent systems. The objective of the talk was to 3 different types of temperature sensors available in the
describe the concepts of sensors and instrumentations market today: Bimetallic strips (thermostat), resistance
and to discuss advantages as well as constrains of such temperature device (RTD) and thermistors.
technology implementations for ocean applications. Applications of sensors could be found in various
First, Prof. Mohd Rizal gave an overview of the industries such as aerospace, automotive, personal
different types of sensors and their functionalities. A electronics (cell-phones and digital devices) etc. Biology-
sensor acquires a physical quantity and converts it into inspired sensing and measurements such as night vision
a signal suitable for processing (e.g. optical, electrical goggles were also described. Explanation centred on
or mechanical). An active element of sensor is called deep waters where sunlight could not penetrate, so
a transducer which converts one form of energy various forms of life here had to adapt to the darkness and
into another. Prof. Mohd Rizal then talked about the developed capabilities to “see” in the dark.
different types of commonly detectable phenomena He further described the definition of Sonar (So – sound,
experienced by various types of sensors such as Na – navigation and R – ranging) where a sensor was used
biological, chemical, electrical etc. The commonly to detect objects using high or low frequency sound waves.
Table 1: Choosing a Sensor
Economic Sensor
Environmental Factors
Factors Characteristics
Temperature range Cost Sensitivity
Humidity effects Availability Range
Corrosion Lifetime Stability
Size Repeatability
Overrange protection Linearity
Susceptibility to EM interferences Error
Ruggedness Response time
Power consumption Frequency response
Self-test capability
Figure 1: Scope of Acoustical Engineering

FORUM
Figure 1 described the scope of acoustical the multitude of other sounds that existed in the ocean.
engineering and showed the various types of sensor Sonar was first used during the World War II to detect
applications plotted against the frequency ranges and submarines; today, its wide range of applications
acoustic wavelengths. The different types of sensors included detecting icebergs and finding water depth.
applications were governed by their limitations to perform, He concluded the talk by explaining the different
based on their characteristics and must be selected types of sonar mapping and how these were done
accordingly. according to the various applications. Some different
Prof. Mohd Rizal talked about the various types types of sonar applications were mapping of the seabed,
of acoustic wavelengths such as electromagnetic, underwater imaging which can be further categorised
microwave, infra-red etc. He described typical dimensions as side-scans sonar systems, single-beam sonar systems
of various ocean depths in relation to the various bands, and multi-beam sonar systems. The advantages and
wavelength spans and frequency spans. For further disadvantages of these systems were also presented
information, see Table 2. and discussed.
Table 2: A Sonar Frequencies Convention
Band Wavelength Span Frequency Span
VLF 10m – 1m 150Hz – 1.5kHz

UPCOMING ACTIVITIES
LF 1m – 10cm 1.5kHz – 15kHz An Industry Forum on “Harnessing Digitalisation
MF 10cm – 1cm 15kHz – 150kHz
and Technology in Facing Covid-19 Pandemic”
HF 1cm – 1 mm 150kHz – 1.5MHz

Date : 18 August 2021 (Wednesday)
Time : 10.00 a.m. – 12.00 p.m.
Prof. Mohd Rizal described in detail the concept of Venue : Youtube Live
sound and sonar. He said the sound listening problem Approved CPD :2
Speakers : Mr. Hizam Ghazali
by the operator was normally caused by learning to
Mr. Abdul Karim Fakir Ali
distinguish between the sounds emitted by another ship’s Mr. Sanjay Vaghasia
machineries through the hull and from the propeller and
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MARINE AND NAVAL ARCHITECTURE ENGINEERING TECHNICAL DIVISION FORUM
INLAND WATERWAYS MANAGEMENT

IN RELATION TO INLAND WATER
TRANSPORTATION ACTIVITIES
by Maziah Suraya Abd Majid
T
he Marine & Naval Architecture Technical Division suspended sediments, waterways fish, wildlife habitat
(MNATD) of the Institute of Engineers, Malaysia disturbance, waterfowl, water pollution and engine
(IEM) organised a talk on 17 February 2021, titled emissions.
Inland Waterways Management in relation to Inland He said it was necessary to rehabilitate the riverbed
Water Transportation Activities. The talk was delivered by in order to improve river health and water quality as
Prof. Ir. Dr Ab Saman bin Abd Kader, an academician in well as to provide a habitat for native species and
marine transport system at the Faculty of Mechanical increase soil stability. River rehabilitation is the restoring
Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor. of environmentally degraded rivers to their original
He said rivers and lakes occured naturally due to condition as far as possible. River rehabilitation entailed
geographical terrain while canals were constructed by the identification of problems and initiation of action
humans. There were a number of elements within the plans to rehabilitate the water quality, hydraulic regime,
marine and water environments in which the effects of stream morphology and ecological characteristics of a
transportation activities might be felt. He highlighted degraded river. It was imperative to develop customised
direct and indirect impacts from the inland watercraft rehabilitation techniques to meet the different
and how they were operated. He then discussed the rehabilitation requirements of the degraded rivers.
effects of inland watercraft propulsion systems on inland There were various factor affecting the freshwater
waterways on the sediments and banks on aquatic environment for inland watercrafts. In order to minimise
habitats and the way forward for better management of bottom sediment suspension and vegetation loss,
the system. Inland waterways such as rivers, canals and motorised boats should be restricted to water depths
lakes provided numerous benefits to the human well- where the propeller or jet drive was at least 2m above the
being. sediment surface. The specified access channels between
Prof Ir. Dr. Ab Saman talked about the advantages shallow and deeper water should be minimised in order
of an inland water transport system, which could be to take into consideration the wake imposed. Any boat
regarded as a natural mode of transport, as having less with a cross-sectional area greater than 5% of a channel
visual intrusion, better safety, bigger capacity (economies should not be permitted to use the channel at any speed
of scale), better energy efficiency, able to enhance to prevent bank erosion, sediment re-suspension and
natural habitats & landscapes, had lower environmental destruction of marginal vegetation. Water crafts travelling
impacts on noise, vibration, erosion and emission, was at displacement speeds should be restricted to minimal
sustainable, had relatively low maintenance as well as velocities since they produce maximal wake at high-
caused less congestion and had a lower fatality rate. displacement speeds.
Besides that, he also talked about impacts Navigation activities by boat, such as fishing at
from inland waterways transportation system such breeding habitats and during critical seasons, should be
as propeller wake, riverbank erosion, turbidity and restricted to protect fish, waterfowl and other wildlife. Boat

FORUM
speed should not produce any wake in order to minimise Adequate refuge areas of the various types of required
erosion at shoreline and bottom erosion by re-suspension habitat must be set aside for waterfowl use; the latter
of sediments and reducing shallow water vegetation at must be looked upon as equal stakeholders in resource
narrow channels. management and allocation decisions.
The discharge of oily bilge water could be minimised Prof. Ir. Dr Ab Saman ended his talk by taking questions
by using absorbent pads placed underneath the engine from participants which were mostly related to the
installation. These could be cleaned regularly or replaced current challenges in preserving the inland waterways as
to ensure the bilge water is not unduly contaminated. the most viable water transportation mode.
UPCOMING ACTIVITIES
VIRTUAL MEETING - 8th Annual General Meeting of Webinar Half-Day Course on “Fluid Flow and Hydraulics
Women Engineers Section (WE), IEM - rescheduled from of Pipes, Fittings, Orifices, Control Valves”
10 July 2021
Date : 21 August 2021 (Saturday) Date : 28 August 2021 (Saturday)

Time : 11.30 a.m. – 1.30 p.m. Time : 9.00 a.m. – 1.00 p.m.
Speaker : Mr. Wiroon Tanthapanichakoon
Virtual One-Day Course on “Project Scheduling using Webinar - Half-Day Virtual Workshop on Introduction to
Opensource Tool: Project Libre” Plant Maintenance
Date : 25 August 2021 (Wednesday) Date : 4 September 2021 (Saturday)

Time : 9.00 a.m. – 5.30 p.m. Time : 9.00 a.m. – 1.00 p.m.
Speaker : Ir. Dr Abang Annuar Ehsan Speaker : Ir. Faridul Farhan bin Abd Wahab
Webinar Talk on “Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis: Webinar - The Technology, Design, Features and
Getting It Right” Evaluation of Protective Relay
Date : 28 August 2021 (Saturday) Date : 4 September 2021 (Saturday)

Time : 5.30 p.m. – 7.00 p.m. Time : 2.00 p.m. – 4.00 p.m.
Approved CPD : TBA Approved CPD :2
Speaker : Ir. Dr Zaki Zainuddin Speaker : Ir. Tay Siang Hui

CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING TECHNICAL DIVISION FORUM
DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION OF

FOUR SEASONS PLACE, KUALA LUMPUR
by Dr Chua Yie Sue
T
he Civil & Structural Engineering Technical Division respectively, at every 10 floors during the design stage.
(CSETD) organised a webinar titled Design & Construction sequencing was carried out at every 5 floors
Construction of Four Seasons Place, Kuala Lumpur on using ETABS.
22 January 2021. The speaker was Ir. Dr Lim Boon Tiong, Ir. Dr Lim then described the construction of the
Managing Director of Meinhardt Malaysia, who had over substructure. Partial top-down construction was deployed
30 years of experience in the design of civil & structural for the podium area due to the proximity to Wisma
engineering and building works. Central. The tower was constructed using a similar top-
The talk was moderated by Ms. Wong Ai Ming, a down method. A hand-duct caisson was built before the
committee member of CSETD, and was attended by 236 raft foundation work commenced for the section with very
participants comprising engineers from engineering deep old piles.
consultancies, contracting firms, government agencies Logistics for the concreting work played a very
and local authorities as well as faculty members from important role during the raft construction. The concrete
local institutions of higher learning. mix used was a triple blend comprising GGBS with a
First, Ir. Dr Lim introduced the Four Seasons KL project, low-heat polymer-modified Portland cement-based
a 77-storey hotel with an aspect ratio of 12.5. For the mortar. Thermocouple sensors were used to monitor
structural design, 3D ETABS analysis was performed. A the temperature during concreting. A Hot Block was
wind tunnel test was conducted by RWDI to obtain the performed before carrying out the mock-up to simulate
wind loads applicable to this project. Outrigger shear the adiabatic condition.
walls were implemented in this building to address the Before the webinar ended, Ir. Dr Lim responded to
extreme slenderness issue. questions related to various aspects of the project from
One of the challenges in this project was its proximity the participants.
to Wisma Central. The construction of the diaphragm
wall and the excavation works had to take into account
the need to minimise any potential damage to adjacent
buildings. The piles were constructed in 2008, after which
construction work stopped for 7 years. The new gridlines
and final pile locations were different than in the
previous layout and additional piles had to be added.
Residential
A 3D Plaxis analysis was carried out on the foundation

design involving 286 piles. Limestone was encountered
at the project site. Fortunately, it was localised, so the
appropriate ground improvement work was carried out.
Hotel
The lateral system of the building consisted of podium

Podium/Retail
blade columns, transfer walls, fin walls and a belt truss.

Column and wall shortening due to elastic stress, creep
and shrinkage were checked using time-dependant
analyses. Column and wall shortening were relatively
high and had to be compensated by 20mm and 15mm Key Project Parameters (screenshot of slide)

FORUM GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICAL DIVISION
ADAPTIVE UPDATING OF SOIL

PROPERTIES THROUGH MONITORING
DATA FOR IMPROVED PREDICTION OF
EXCAVATION RESPONSE
by Ir. Dr Gue Chang Shin
I
t was an honour for the Geotechnical Engineering Dr Leung stressed that the goal of the approach was
Technical Division (GETD) of IEM, to have Dr Andy Leung, not to bypass physics or mechanics theories; instead, it
Associate Professor at the Hong Kong Polytechnic refined the elements associated with uncertainties that
University (PolyU) and Secretary General of Hong Kong could not be captured by conventional soil mechanics.
Geotechnical Society, deliver a webinar on Adaptive He then shed light on the use of random field modelling
Updating of Soil Properties Through Monitoring Data for and surrogate modelling techniques to improve our
Improved Prediction of Excavation Response. Held on 7 level of confidence during construction stage. Random
April 2021, the webinar was attended by 119 participants. field modelling utilised mathematical tools to model the
Dr Leung talked about the main challenges in inherent soil variability and surrogate modelling was to
geotechnical engineering, such as uncertainties in soil simulate the response by approximating between the
properties and soil boundaries (geological profile). These system response and soil properties. These were illustrated
can have a substantial impact on system response or through two cases, where the approach provided an
accuracy of predictions. The common practice now is to efficient modelling tool to facilitate data-driven decision
use “moderately conservative estimates” of soil properties making. See diagram which shows the approach in a
from soil investigation data and field measurements nutshell.
(response data) and checked them against predictions. Finally, Dr Leung summarised the benefits of the
Soil data provides information on the spatial approach in dealing with uncertainties in geotechnical
uncertainty of material properties, while data from engineering, where the techniques presented could make
measured response provides additional “hints” on both the better use of the available soil data and improve the
spatial and model uncertainties. A rational combination confidence level during construction.
of these information allows better judgement and levels
of confidence.
Dr Leung introduced an adaptive model updating
approach for deep excavations which considered
various sources of uncertainties that could lead to
discrepancies between predicted and actual
excavation responses. This approach utilised field
monitoring data to update the model bias and spatial
variability features in soil stiffness and strength
parameters. Based on the updated parameters,
subsequent predictions on excavation responses and
levels of uncertainty could be continuously refined as
construction progressed. To reduce the computational
demands associated with the algorithm, the approach
incorporated machine learning techniques. Nutshell of presented approach (extracted from Dr Leung’s slide)

NEWS FROM BRANCH
IEM MELAKA PRE-AGM TALK &

34TH ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
by Ir. Mohd Fairuz bin

Mohd Rashid
T
he Melaka Branch of the Institution of Engineers
Malaysia (IEM) held a talk before its Annual General
Meeting (AGM) on 20 March 2021. The talk on the
COVID-19 pandemic and how we can ensure safety and
health at the workplace, was delivered by Ir. Ts. Mohd
Fairuz bin Mohd Rashid. Held via the Zoom online
platform, it was attended by 40 participants.
To ensure that workplace safety and health are well
managed during the pandemic, the managements of
companies should have action plans to prevent and
reduce COVID-19 infections as part of their business
continuity plan. Talk delivered by Ir. Ts. Mohd Fairuz
The Ministry of Human Resources, through the
Department of Safety & Health (DOSH), has issued
sector-specific Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
to control and limit COVID-19 infections. Although the
SOPs are currently just guidelines, companies should
ensure compliance, as not doing so may lead to the
revocation of operating permits, constitute a breach
of the Occupational Safety & Health Act 1994 or even
provide the basis for a negligence claim by a third party
negatively affected by a company which does not
comply with the SOPs.
After the talk, the IEM Melaka Branch held its 34th AGM.
Screenshot of the webinar talk
Also participating in the online event was IEM President
Ir. Ong Ching Loon who, in a pre-recorded opening speech
video, thanked all members who attended.
The AGM began with the confirmation of the minutes
of the previous AGM. It was followed by a presentation of
the Annual Report 2020/2021, the presentation of financial
statements, the dissolution of committee members for
2020/2021 and the appointment of new committee
members for 2021/2022.
In his closing remarks, Ir. Ong urged branch members
to be active and supportive of the activities carried out by
IEM. He said IEM needed to maintain a good performance
record so as to be known as a successful organisation. Some of the online participants at the AGM

CAMPUS NEWS
VIRTUAL TOWER CRANE

COMPETITION 2021
by Mr. Afiq Syahmi Ms. Tan Wei Ling
T
he Virtual Tower Crane Competition 2021, held on
Saturday, 27 March, was aimed at enhancing the
knowledge of students in the design and construction
of models with good structural properties which contribute
to the sound mechanism and stability of the tower crane.
Taking part were 9 teams from six universities, namely
Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Curtin
University Malaysia, Universiti Teknologi Mara Pahang, The champion, Team Ramen Kaiseki, from Universiti Sains Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Mara Shah Alam and Universiti
Malaysia Pahang.
The teams were given one week to complete a video
and a poster to showcase their tower crane designs. They
were also required to demonstrate their respective projects
before a panel of judges comprising Dr Lim Kar Sing,
Ir. Dr Chin Siew Choo (both from Universiti Malaysia
Pahang) and Ts. SK Muiz bin Abdul Razak (UniMAP).
The teams were assessed on their design skills as well 1st Runner-up, Team Big Giant Crane, from Universiti Malaysia Pahang
as marketing skills as they were also required to devise
ways to get “Likes” for their designs which were posted on
the event social media account. The number of “Likes”
was also used to determine the winner.
Team Ramen Kaiseki from Universiti Sains Malaysia was
declared the winner and received a cash prize of RM150,
an e-certificate and official merchandise. The 1st and
2nd runners-up were teams Big Giant Crane (Universiti
Malaysia Pahang) and Two Over The Five (Universiti 2nd Runner-up, Team Two Over The Five, from Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Malaysia Sabah) respectively.
Champion: Team Ramen Kaiseki from 1st Runner Up: Team ‘Big Giant Crane’ from 2nd Runner Up: Team ‘Two Over The Five’
Universiti Sains Malaysia. Universiti Malaysia Pahang. from Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
https://youtu.be/5g70_l8SZzQ?list=PLvp7ZI https://youtu.be/CcM8iehAmRg?list=PLvp7 https://youtu.be/QGXRrGSFSSo?list=PLvp

N3Efs6DcX2nOVcslUTTrjx8q6XA ZIN3Efs6DcX2nOVcslUTTrjx8q6XA 7ZIN3Efs6DcX2nOVcslUTTrjx8q6XA

ENGINEER'S ADVENTURES
TRAIN RIDE TO THE

Ir. Chin Mee Poon
Ir. Chin Mee Poon is a
retired civil engineer who
END OF THE WORLD

derives a great deal of joy and
satisfaction from travelling to
different parts of the globe,
capturing fascinating insights
of the places and people he
encounters and sharing his experiences with
others through his photographs and writing.
U
shuaia is a seaport in Argentina. to go to the End of the World Station, the train service was discontinued in
Located at the southern tip of 10km west of the city. The station was 1952. Service was eventually restored
South America, it is the world’s situated in a river valley beside the in 1994 as a Heritage Railway, with 2
southernmost city. Situated in a main road, inside a very attractive steam and 3 diesel locomotives as
region of Argentina and Chile known building. There were 3 departures well as new carriages.
collectively as Tierra del Fuego (Land daily and we chose the morning train Our train, a Camila steam
of Fire), it is the launching point for which left at 9.30 a.m. locomotive with 4 green carriages,
most cruises bound for Antarctica. My impressions of the train journey chugged its way forward in the
My first trip to Ushuaia was a brief would not be complete without a scenic river valley at the pace of a
stopover, when my wife and I were brief account of the railway’s colourful Sunday morning saunter. Less than
boarding the cruise ship, Marco history. In the late 19th Century, 15 minutes later, it pulled into La
Polo, for a 10-day exploration of the prisoners were held near present-day Macarena Station for a 20-minute
Antarctic Peninsula. It was a sunny day Ushuaia and a crude wooden railway stop, while another train departed
in February 2005 when we flew in from line was constructed at the turn of the in the direction of Ushuaia. From
Buenos Aires to Ushuaia airport for our century to facilitate the transportation the station, concrete steps up a hill
transfer to the cruise ship terminal. As of timber and other building materials slope led to a small waterfall bearing
Ushuaia looked very charming from for the construction of the prisoners’ the same name. Staff members
the sundeck of the ship, I promised to quarters and other amenities. The manning the station were dressed
be back for a proper visit. line was upgraded a few times and it in the prisoner’s blue-striped khaki
Fourteen years later, I was finally eventually ended up as a 7km long, outfit to remind passengers of the
able to do so. In early April 2019, after 500mm gauge track from the End of railway’s not so glamorous origin.
my wife and I, together with my two the World Station to the Park Station Continuing our journey, we
brothers and their spouses, had spent located within the Land of Fire National entered the Land of Fire National Park
a month exploring much of Chile and Park. The train service then was which had spectacular views of the
Argentina, we undertook an 11-hour, commonly referred to as the Prisoners’ river valley which we could not see in
629km journey by bus from Punta Train. The penal colony was, however, the earlier part of our journey. In the
Arenas in Chile to Ushuaia, crossing closed in 1947 and an earthquake in distance, horses grazed in open fields.
a strait by ferry, passing through two 1949 caused significant damage and Our journey came to an end at
border checkpoints and changing blockages to the railway track. The Park Station. However, there were not
buses at Rio Grande. track was subsequently repaired but many facilities or places of interest
Ushuaia has a wide here and the National
range of attractions and Park Visitors Centre was
outdoor activities to cater 6.5km away. We took
to different visitors. We a park shuttle from a
decided to spend three nearby bus stop to get
nights exploring the city to the Visitors Centre
and its surrounds and where we gathered
had allocated the entire more information on the
second day to ride the attractions and facilities
famous Train to the End of in the park. Although we
the World and to pay a visit stayed on to appreciate
to the Land of Fire National the beauty of nature,
Park. most of the other
The morning after our passengers returned to
arrival, we boarded a Ushuaia on the same
shuttle at the waterfront train.

CALL FOR NOMINATIONS
IEM ENGINEERING HALL OF FAME AWARD 2022
The Sub-Committee of Engineering Hall of • Who have demonstrated outstanding in general and awareness of the contributions
Fame under the auspices of the Standing professional achievements. made by outstanding engineers in the country.
Committee on Professional Practice is proud to • Who have made significant contributions
Nominations for the Award are open to
invite nominations for the IEM Engineering Hall to the engineering profession, the
Malaysian citizens who are or have been
of Fame Award 2022. Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM)
Corporate Members of the IEM.
and the Nation.
It is timely and expedient to induct and to
• Who have rendered valuable service to The closing date for receipt of nominations
record the accomplishments of engineers in
the Community. for IEM Engineering Hall of Fame Award is 31
the country who have or had demonstrated
October 2021.
particularly outstanding professional The Engineering Hall of Fame will serve as
achievements and provided excellent services the focal point or showcase of outstanding Please submit nominations to:
to the Institution, the engineering industry and Malaysian engineers, past and present, who
the Nation. had or have made great contributions to the Honorary Secretary
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
engineering profession and to the quality of Bangunan Ingenieur, Lots 60&62
The IEM Engineering Hall of Fame is established
life in Malaysia. Engineers honoured in the Jalan 52/4, 46720 Petaling Jaya, Selangor.
with the aim to confer recognition and to
Engineering Hall of Fame will also serve as a The nomination form can be downloaded
celebrate the accomplishments of members of
beacon and as role models for young engineers from the IEM website at www.myiem.org.my
the IEM:
as well as create greater interest in engineering For further details, kindly contact IEM
Secretariat at 03-7968 4001/2
IEM AWARD FOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ENGINEERING PROFESSION IN MALAYSIA 2022

To encourage an interest in engineering and to closing date for receipt of nominations for The closing date for nominations is 31 October
recognise important services or contributions each year is 30 September. 2021.
to engineering in Malaysia, the IEM Award for • Nominations shall be made through a
Please submit nominations to:
Contribution to the Engineering Profession in member of the Institution. Each member
Malaysia is to be presented to the person(s), is restricted to one nomination per year.
who has: • Each nomination shall be accompanied by
• Contributed to the advancement of a brief write up of the services rendered Honorary Secretary
engineering in Malaysia, and/or or contributions made or system designed The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
• Designed and constructed an original and/or constructed together with relevant Bangunan Ingenieur, Lots 60&62
engineering device or system of merit and photographs and other documents. Jalan 52/4, 46720 Petaling Jaya, Selangor.
applicability to industry. The nomination form can be downloaded
AWARD
This Award is open to all Malaysian citizens and • The Award is to be made by the Council from the IEM website at www.myiem.org.my
permanent residents. upon recommendation by the Awards For further details, kindly contact IEM
Committee. Secretariat at 03-7968 4001/2
NOMINATIONS
• The Award shall comprise a metal plaque,
• Nominations will be invited annually. The
a scroll and a sum of RM1,000.
IEM OUTSTANDING ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENT AWARD 2022

The IEM Outstanding Engineering Achievement • Bridges, Tunnels, Waterways Structures, Nominations are invited from all members of
Award is created to confer recognition to Roads the Institution. Each nomination submitted
an organisation or body for outstanding • Telecommunications of national/ should contain a brief summary/write-up of
engineering achievements within Malaysia. international character, Power the project in approximately 1,000 to 2,000
The award will be given to an organisation Transmission and Transportation words together with full relevant reports on
or body responsible for an outstanding • Dams and Power Stations the project and three copies of supporting
engineering project in the country. • Ports and Harbours documentation including photographs. A
• Building and Structures project or component part thereof which has
The basis for the award shall be an engineering
• Airports received an earlier award, from IEM does not
achievement that demonstrates outstanding
• Water Supply, Waste Disposal Projects qualify for nomination.
engineering skills which has made a significant
• Military projects such as bases, launching • The award in the form of a metal plaque,
contribution to the profession and to the
units, harbour facilities naming the achievement shall be given to
quality of life in Malaysia. In making the
• Drainage, Irrigation and Flood Control the organisation or body responsible for
selection, the following criteria will be given
Projects the project for permanent display.
special consideration:
• Local design and manufacture of high • The award shall be presented with due
1. Contribution to the well-being of people
technology products ceremony at an appropriate function of
and communities,
• Energy, Heat, Mass Transfer the IEM.
2. Resourcefulness in planning,
• Outstanding work in engineering research
3. Creativity in the solution of design The closing date for nominations is 31 October
and development
problems, 2021.
• Chemical processing of indigenous raw
4. Pioneering use of materials and methods,
resources such as rubber, palm oil and Please submit nominations to:
5. Innovations in planning, design and
various other local plants
construction, Honorary Secretary
• Innovative use of local engineering The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
6. Unusual aspects and aesthetic values.
materials Bangunan Ingenieur, Lots 60&62
Engineering achievements which include, • Outstanding contribution in engineering Jalan 52/4, 46720 Petaling Jaya, Selangor.
interalia, the following can be submitted for education The nomination form can be downloaded
consideration: • Original discovery of useful engineering from the IEM website at www.myiem.org.my
theory For further details, kindly contact IEM
Secretariat at 03-7968 4001/2

CALL FOR NOMINATIONS
IEM YOUNG ENGINEER AWARD 2022

The objective of the Award is to encourage i. Registered member with the Board of RM500.00, a scroll and plaque, to be presented
interest in engineering and to recognise Engineers, Malaysia and under 35 years with due ceremony to each recipient of the
potential among young engineers in Malaysia. of age Award.
The Award will be presented to the person who ii. Malaysian citizens or permanent residents
The closing date for nominations is 31 October
has shown outstanding ability and leadership of Malaysia
2021.
qualities, either iii. Graduate or Corporate Members of IEM.
i. in the design and/or construction of an Please submit nominations to:
The Proposer may or may not be a member
engineering device or system of merit; or
of IEM. However, each nomination shall be
ii. in the research and development or Honorary Secretary
supported by a brief recommendation from The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
teaching of engineering.
two Referees who are Corporate members Bangunan Ingenieur, Lots 60&62
In any one year, the Award may be made in of IEM. If the Proposer himself is a Corporate Jalan 52/4, 46720 Petaling Jaya, Selangor.
either one or both of the categories mentioned member of IEM (or higher), then he may also The nomination form can be downloaded
above. If the Award is to be made in only one act as one of the two required Referees. from the IEM website at www.myiem.org.my
of the two category may be made in the year. For further details, kindly contact IEM
The Award will comprise a cash prize of Secretariat at 03-7968 4001/2
The Award is open to candidate who are:
IEM WOMAN ENGINEER AWARD 2022
The primary objective of the Award is to will be given special consideration: the Proposer is herself either a Corporate or
recognise the contributions by women • Contribution to the well-being of people Graduate member of IEM (or higher), then
engineers. This Award may also incidentally and communities she may also act as one of the two required
encourage interest in engineering among • Resourcefulness in planning and in the Referees.
women and encourage them to strive solution of design problems
The Award shall comprise a cash prize of
towards greater excellence. The Award will • Pioneering in use of materials and
RM800.00, a scroll and plaque, to be presented
be presented to the woman engineer who methods
with due ceremony to each recipient of the
has shown outstanding ability and leadership • Innovations in planning, design and
Award.
qualities, or has been a pioneer in any more of construction
the following areas: • Unusual aspects and aesthetic values The closing date for nominations is 31 October
• In the design and/or construction 2021.
of an engineering device or system, The Award is opened to candidates who are:
structural system, planned development, • Registered members of the Board of Please submit nominations to:
environmental improvements or, Engineers, Malaysia,
• In the research and development of • Malaysian citizens or permanent residents
engineering device, systems, processes of Malaysia, Honorary Secretary
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
and/or materials, publication of paper or, • Graduate or Corporate Members of The Bangunan Ingenieur, Lots 60&62
• In the teaching of engineering or, Institution of Engineers, Malaysia. Jalan 52/4, 46720 Petaling Jaya, Selangor.
• In the management of engineering The nomination form can be downloaded
The Proposer may or not be a member of
projects, from the IEM website at www.myiem.org.my
IEM or BEM, or an engineer. However, each
• Entrepreneurship in the commercial For further details, kindly contact IEM
nomination shall be supported by a brief Secretariat at 03-7968 4001/2
sector.
recommendation from two Referees who are
In making the selection, the following criteria Graduate or Corporate member of IEM. If
Pengumuman yang
ke-153
SENARAI PENDERMA KEPADA WISMA DANA BANGUNAN IEM
Institusi mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua yang telah memberikan sumbangan kepada tabung
Bangunan Wisma IEM. Ahli-ahli IEM dan pembaca yang ingin memberikan sumbangan boleh berbuat
demikian dengan memuat turun borang di laman web IEM http://www.iem.org.my atau menghubungi secretariat
di +603-7968 4001 / 5518 untuk maklumat lanjut. Senarai penyumbang untuk bulan Jun 2021 adalah seperti jadual di bawah:
NO. NO. AHLI NAMA

1 15123 Ir. ZAINOL ARIFEN BIN SAID
2 42032 MR. MOHD NURHIDAYAT BIN ZAHELEM
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5 14584 Ir. MAZLAN BIN ABDULLAH
6 18655 MR. NG YEOK POH

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Innovation in

BPA-SilverSeal is a unique water reacting, impermeable, self-healing, light-weight, swelling,

MAJLIS BAGI SESI 2021/2022 (IEM COUNCIL SESSION 2021/2022)

LEMBAGA PENGARANG/EDITORIAL BOARD 2021/2022

Company’s Stamp & Authorised Signature Date

Level 18-01-02, PJX-HM Shah Tower, No. 16A, Persiaran Barat,

A Naval Engineer’s Perspective on

Rear Admiral Datuk

He holds a Bachelor’s Degree in

8 JURUTERA THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA AUGUST 2021

WHEN INVISIBLE CONCRETE PROTECTION EXTENDS

WISH TO KNOW MORE?

SIKA KIMIA SDN BHD

1st Malaysian Designed OSV (Artist Impression)

10 JURUTERA THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA AUGUST 2021

Number of shipyards and their locations in Malaysia

AUGUST 2021 THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA JURUTERA 11

12 JURUTERA THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA AUGUST 2021

RMN OBSOLESCENCE PROGRAMME (OP):

by Rear Admiral Datuk Ir. Ts.

14 JURUTERA THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA AUGUST 2021

Date : 3 August 2021 (Tuesday) Date : 7 Aug 2021 (Saturday)

Date : 6 August 2021 (Friday) Date : 7 August 2021 (Saturday)

AUGUST 2021 THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA JURUTERA 15

THE THING ABOUT CONTROL

by Ir. Prof. Ts. Dr

feedback loop which will link the output stage to the

16 JURUTERA THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA AUGUST 2021

Date : 10 August 2021 (Tuesday)

AUGUST 2021 THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA JURUTERA 17

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DIMENSION PUBLISHING SDN. BHD. (449732-T)

RESISTANCE & SEAKEEPING

by Prof. Dr Adi Maimun

Figure 2: Catamaran vessel profile and section [1]

Having considered some extensive reviews of several

AUGUST 2021 THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA JURUTERA 19

Figure 3: Profile of the Semi-SWATH as coastal passenger ferry

HULL RESISTANCE OF SEMI-SWATH SEMI-SWATH WITH FINS STABILISER THROUGH CFD

Figure 4: Resistance coefficient of Semi-SWATH in Cat Mode

Figure 7: Comparison curve between the computational and

20 JURUTERA THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA AUGUST 2021

Figure 8: The pressure resistance coefficient curve from CFD simulation

Figure 9: The friction resistance coefficient curve from CFD simulation

The comparisons in Figure 8 and 9 display the smallest resistance

AUGUST 2021 THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA JURUTERA 21

Figure 12: RAOs validation of heave at fin angle;

Figure 10: Isometric view for Semi-SWATH model (hull)

Figure 13: RAOs validation of pitch at fin angle;

Figure 11: Wave profile and pressure distribution of Semi-SWATH

22 JURUTERA THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA AUGUST 2021

Date : 11 August 2021 (Wednesday) Date : 14 August 2021 (Saturday)

Date : 14 August 2021 (Saturday) Date : 17-18 August 2021

AUGUST 2021 THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA JURUTERA 23

AUGUST 2021 THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA JURUTERA 37

KDN PP 1050/12/2012 (030192) ISSN 0126-9909 ISSN 0126-9909

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