Hkeaa Bafs

2016 HKDSE
BUSINESS, ACCOUNTING
AND FINANCIAL STUDIES
PAPER 2A
SECTION A
2
Paper 2A Question 1 – Trial Balance
3
Paper 2A Question 1- Marking Scheme
4
SUPPLEMENTARY MARKING NOTES
(a) Trial Balance preparation
 Use the account names stated in the question
(e.g. Trade receivables  , Account receivables ×)

 short form account name ×
(b) Limitations of a trial balance:

 ( × cannot detect compensating errors)
 (  cannot detect some errors)
 (  cannot detect errors which will not affect the

agreement of the trial balance)
 (  Some errors like compensating errors cannot
be detected)
 (  cannot detect some errors/omissions in entries)
5
Paper 2A Question 1 – Sample 1E
a)
• wrong side for
unearned revenue
balance
• suspense account
wrongly included
• wrong total debit
and credit balance
b) correct
6
a)
• wrong side for
retained profit
balance
• suspense account
wrongly included
• wrong total debit

and credit balance
b) only considered error of completing

reversal of entries, did not mention all
errors or omissions
7
a) incorrect trial
balance format
(could not
recognize
the Dr or Cr
balance of each
account
b) irrelevant answer
8
Paper 2A Question 1 – Sample 4C
a) 錯誤將設
備成本及累
積折舊互為
抵銷
b) 正確
9
a) - 錯誤將留存利
潤貸方結餘寫在
借方
- 不合適會計帳戶
名稱 (應收貨款誤
寫成應收帳款)
b) 未能指出試算表局限
10
a) 錯誤將所有
會計帳戶借方或
貸方結餘互相掉
轉
11
b) 未能指出試算表局限
Paper 2A Question 2 – Double entry and Ledgers
12
Paper 2A Question 2 - Marking Scheme
13
Transactions
Debit entry to be recorded Credit entry to be recorded
Account Ledger Account Ledger
(a) Office rent paid by cheque (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) Office rent/ Rental
Office rent/ General ledger Bank Cash book expense/rent
Rental expense/ (x “cheque” not
rent allowed) (2) General ledger
(3) Bank (X“cheque” not

allowed)
(4) Cash book
(b) Goods purchased on credit (5) (6) (7) (8) (5) Purchases
Purchases General ledger Trade (accounts) Purchases ledger [“goods”/”credit purchase”
payables/ not allowed”]
creditors
[“goods”
/credit
purchase not
allowed”] (6) General ledger
(7)Trade (accounts)
payables/ creditors
14
(8)Purchases ledger
Transactions
Debit entry to be recorded Credit entry to be recorded
Account Ledger Account Ledger
(c) Bank loan acquired (9) (10) (11) (12) (9) Bank
Bank Cash book Bank loan/ loan General ledger (10) Cash book
from bank
(11) Bank loan
(x Loan)
(x Loan)
(12) General ledger
(d) Goods returned by credit (13) (14) (15) (16) (13) Returns inwards/
customers Returns inwards/ General ledger Trade(accounts) Sales ledger sales returns
sales returns receivables /
debtors
(14) General ledger
(15) Trade (accounts)

receivables/ debtors
(16) Sales ledger
(e) Interest income accrued (17) (18) (19) (20) General (17) Interest
Interest receivable/ General ledger Interest income/ ledger receivable/
Accrued interest Interest revenue Accrued interest
income income
[accrual/ [accrued revenue
accrued revenue/ / other revenue / (18) General ledger
accrued interest/ P&L account/
(19) Interest income/
Account interest received
interest revenue
receivable/ not allowed ] 15
other receivables
(20) General ledger
not allowed ]
Asthe names of the ledger kept by
the business are given in the
question,
NO alternative names are accepted
16
Part e
(Part e) Wrong
accounting
Part b treatment for
accrued interest
income.
(Part b &d) Incorrect

ledger identified for
“accounts payable”
account and
“accounts receivable”
account.
17
Part d
Part d
Part b Part e
(Part c)
• Failed to record bank loan transactions
Part c (Part b &d)
• Incorrect ledger identified for “purchases”
account and “returns inwards” account.
• Failed to record credit purchases and returns
inwards transactions
18
(Part e)
• Wrong accounting treatment for accrued
interest income.
(Part e) - 未能清楚掌握應計利息收入的處理
19
Part b
Part d
Part e 帳冊以縮寫顯示
(Part b) 未能掌握帳冊處理
(Part d & e) 未能掌握賒銷顧客退回貨品及應計利息收入的會計處理

20
Paper 2A Question 3 – Manufacturing overhead absorption
21
22
(c) No marks is given:
 credited/debited to “expense/cost of goods
manufactured/production cost/manufacturing
overhead/income statement”
(d) No marks is given:

 maintenance fee
 indirect labor cost/indirect materials
 royalties
 salary of supervisors
23
(a) Included both fixed and

variable manufacturing
overheads in the calculation of
P.O.A.R.
(b) Clear
understanding
of the
calculation of
over-absorption
of
manufacturing
overheads
(c) Correct, but unclear

accounting treatment
24
(d) Failed to identify variable
manufacturing overhead costs.
(a) Failed to include
variable manufacturing
overhead as part of
predetermined
manufacturing overhead
rate.
(b) Used of wrong comparison basis to arrive
at “under-absorbed”. The comparison should
be based on “actual” and “applied” scenario.
$450,000 is the “budgeted” amount of fixed
manufacturing overhead
(c) Wrong accounting treatment of under/over absorbed
25
(d) correct
(a) 正確
(b) 正確
26
c) 未能正確地指出多吸收生產間接成本
的會計處理
(d) 正確
(a) 未能察覺預計生產間接成本吸收率需要
包括變動生產間接成本
(b) 未能計算出多吸收生產間接成本
(c) 未能掌握處理少吸收生產間接成本對銷
貨成本及淨利所帶來的影響。
(d) 正確
27
Paper 2A Question 4 – Concepts & allowance for
doubtful debts
28
29
a) ( × The company will continue operating)
( × The company does not intend to liquidate)
( × The company reduces scale of operation significantly)
b) ( × market value / market price / fair value / disposal value /

salesable value/ NRV)
c)
• wrong concept, do not mark the explanation
• wrong spelling of “historical cost”, no mark for the concept,
but mark explanation
30
(a) fully explained
1 the meaning of
going concern
2
assumption
(b) correct
(c) The underlying

concept stated was
correct and so as
the explanation
(d) Improper
classification of
debt ($20,000)
written off in the
calculation
31
(a) fully explained
1 the meaning of
going concern
2
assumption
(b) market value X
(c) spelling mistake

for the accounting
concept, accurate
explanation
(d) Ignored the doubtful debts 32

calculation for accounts receivable with
less than 30 days and over 60 days
outstanding
(a) Could not fully
explain the meaning
of going concern
assumption
(b) irrelevant answer
(c) The underlying concept stated was not

correct and so as the explanation
(d) wrong calculation of

allowance for doubtful
debts for $180,000 33
(a) 解釋繼續經營假設正確，但仍未能全面描述
(b) 不正確
(c) 雖然考生能解釋歷史成本概念的意義，但是沒有「歷史概念」這個
會計原則
(d) 完全正確 34
(a) 解釋繼續經營假設正確，
但仍未能全面描述
(b) 不正確
(c) 會計原則正確，解釋亦十分清楚
(d) 未能顯示2015年12月31日呆帳準備帳的結餘
35
(a) 未能準確解釋繼續經營假設的意義
(b) 答案與問題無關
(c) 會計原則或概念錯誤
(d) 沒有將壞帳$20,000
在應收帳款($180,000)
內扣除
36
SECTION B
37
Paper 2A Question 5
38
39
 No marks was given for entries with improper
account names
 Goodwill (methods accepted in this question):

1. through capital account
2. through revaluation account and capital account
3. goodwill adjustment
 If the capital accounts were not prepared in

columnar form, only the first capital account would
be marked 40
(ai) professional fees $26200 not accepted

as no proper account name “cash” was
given.
41
(ai)
- Wrong figure for Allowance

for doubtful debts
- Correct account name for the
professional fees.
42
(a ii)
- Correct treatment for goodwill
- Mark was given for bringing
down the ‘profit on revaluation’
from (a)
- Failed to adjust the initial capital
of the new partnership
43
PAPER 2A QUESTION 5 – SAMPLE 2E
(b)
- Reputation (1)
- Whole performance of the business (0)
44
(ai) – confused the Dr side and Cr side.

- Mistakenly included “bank loan” in the
revaluation account.
- “Bal c/d’ in the revaluation account XX
(aii)
– wrong “Bal b/d” 45
- omitted gain on revaluation, written off of
goodwill, adjustment for initial capital.
Only “quality of goods is bad” got 1 mark
46
ai) - 重估專業費用$26 200 ，欠「現金」

- 重估利潤，只提朱君任君沒提「資本」，
故失分。
47
(Part b) 正確
(ai)只有存貨及物業正確，有多項遺漏
48
aii)-只有帶數，承上結餘及商譽正確
- 未有作出最初資本的調整
(Part b)
• 社會責任正確
• 但購買商譽只是引起計算商譽的原因，不是影響因
素。
49
• 於Dr 及Cr side
重複入帳 – 無分
• 重估費用欠適當
帳戶名稱
• 商譽: 左右調轉
• 重估得益:錯邊
• 未有作出最初資 50
本的調整
PAPER 2A QUESTION 5 – SAMPLE 6C
• 公司服務質素:正確
• 公司營業表現XX
51
Paper 2A Question 6
52
Paper 2A Question 6
53
 Separate accounts for the two disposed assets
 Accepted
 It is suggested to combine them into account only
 Marks were given for proper workings
 Correct account names should be used in

T-accounts and journal
54
55
56
(Part a)
a motor vehicle
account with
correct figures
and description
(Part b)
Depreciation charges for
the year of the two
disposed items were not
Please use T-form! included in the
Accumulated
depreciation account.
(Part c)
wrongly treated
disposal gain as a cash
receipt and failed to
include the insurance57
receivable.
(Part d)
failed to distinguish between revenue
expenditure and capital expenditure
58
(Part a)
a motor vehicle
account with
correct figures
and description
59
(Part b) Correct depreciation charge of the year with full workings
- Failed to include this year depreciation in the accumulated depreciation of the
disposed assets to be transferred to the disposal account
(Part c)
• For the item disposed in March, the candidate entered the disposal
gain correctly and could provide the correct cash receipt.
• For the item disposed in April, the candidate could enter the
60
insurance receivable correctly with appropriate description.
(Part d)
The candidate attempted to distinguish
between revenue expenditure and capital 61
expenditure.
(Part a)
‘Accumulated
depreciation’ and
‘disposal’ were wrongly
included in the motor
vehicle account.
(Part b) The candidate

entered most answers
on the opposite side of
the Accumulated
depreciation account.
(Part c) In addition to
entries on the wrong
sides, the candidate put
‘balance brought forward’
62
which should not be
included in a disposal
account.
Part d)
failed to distinguish between
capital expenditure and revenue
expenditure
63
(Part a)
資產餘額被扣銷往損益帳。
(Part b) 64
累積折舊帳基本上是借貸兩方交錯誤置了。
(Part c)
變賣帳也是借貸兩方交錯誤置了。
(Part
d) 65
考生並無將汽車花費的資本性和收入性支出, 分別入帳。
(Part a)
貸記的$22400, 描述錯
用「汽車報廢」而非
「變賣帳」。
(Part b)
漏計了變賣汽車當年
應按比例計算的折舊
支出
Part c)
三月份變賣汽
車的變賣獲益,
考生當作現金
收入, 貸記在變
66
賣帳內。
(Part d)
考生並無將汽車花費的資本性和收入性
支出, 分別入帳。
67
(Part a) 汽車帳數字準確, 也備恰當描述。
68
(Part b) 折舊支出計算準確, 列式分明。

(Part c)
數字準確, 描述恰當。
特別是其中$151200, 考
生能提供其他應收帳款
這正確描述。
(Part d)
資本性支出處理正確, 惜欠收入性支出處理。
69
Paper 2A Question 7
70
Paper 2A Question 7
71
72
73
 Classification and treatment of fixed costs and
variable costs are the key issues of this question
which affect the value of inventory in both systems
 Part (d) Different approaches can be used to make

the comparisons as follows ~
 comparing the costs saved in total or per unit
 comparing the contribution margin in total or per unit
 comparing the net profits in total or per unit
74
(Part a) All correct and in good presentation.
(Part b i)All correct (presentation in equation

form and quoted the answer from (a). 75
(Part b ii) Incorrect explanation and could only state the

treatment of fixed manufacturing overheads in the
marginal and absorption costing systems was different.
76
(Part c) Showed an all correct answer

and presented in essay form.
77
(Part d) Compared the variable costs of

production of 10 000 units in “buy” and “not buy”
78
situations with correct figures and conclusion.
(Part a) Incorrect contribution and net profit figures as the 79

candidate was not able to treat the commission as variable cost in
an appropriate way.
(Part b i) All correct (presentation in equation

form and quoted the answer from (a).
80
(Part b ii) Unclear and incomplete answer.
(Part c) Showed the
incorrect figure of the
difference and also the net
profit figures in the
marginal and absorption
costing systems.
(Part d) Only calculated the

cost of production (FC and VC)
when buy and compared the
variable cost of production in
(a), so wrong figures for
comparison and made an
incorrect conclusion.
81
82
(Part a) Incorrect contribution as the candidate reversed the variable and
fixed non-manufacturing costs,
(Part b ii)
Incorrect
explanation and
stated fixed
overheads
instead of fixed
manufacturing
overheads.
(Part b i) The candidate did not

provide the inventory figure in
marginal costing system and
gave a wrong inventory figure in
absorption costing system.
(Part c) Incorrect as the net

profit shown in absorption
costing system was lower
83
than the net profit in marginal
costing system and a wrong
difference figure.
(Part d) $5.7 was wrongly regarded as

the total production cost of buying and the
total reduced cost as the total cost of not
buying, however, a correct conclusion was 84
made.
(Part a) 未有計算期
末存貨值，故此錯誤
計算貢獻毛益及淨利。
85
(Part b i)正確。有仔細列出項目計算。
86
(Part b ii)正確。答案用文字清晰表達。
(Part c) 能計算出邊際成
本法及吸收成本法下的淨
利的差額，但同時錯誤計
算兩個成本法下的淨利。
(Part d) 正確地用增量分析法計算出減低了的成本，並 87
作出購買決定。
(Part a)未有計算期末存貨值及固定銷售費用，故此88
錯誤計算貢獻毛益及淨利。
(Part b i) 正確。用算式計算。
(Part b ii) 未能清楚解釋固定生產間接成本在邊際成本法及吸
收成本法下的處理如何影響到期末存貨值的差異，只能說出差異源
於兩種成本法下處理固定生產間接成本方法不同。
89
(Part c) 錯誤地認為淨利在邊際成本法及吸收
成本法下並沒有不同.
(Part d) 比較了外購及自行製造(from
a)的貢獻毛益，數額並不正確，但作出 90
了購買決定。
(Part a) 未能分辨出變動及
固定成本，並錯誤地用計算
毛利取代貢獻毛益。
91
(Part b i) 錯誤計算
期末存貨值。在邊
際成本法及吸收成
本法的計算中，均
並未計算變動生產
間接成本在期末存
貨值內。
(Part b ii) 未能清楚解釋固定生產間接成本在

邊際成本法及吸收成本法下的處理如何影響到期
末存貨值的差異，只能指出差異源於兩種成本法
下處理固定生產間接成本方法不同
92
(Part c) 未能計算出邊際成本法及吸收成本法下
的淨利的差額，同時錯誤計算兩個成本法下的淨利。
93
(Part d) 沒有作答
SECTION C
94
Paper 2A Question 8
95
Paper 2A Question 8
96
97
98
99
(a) Mind the account names given in the question:
(ii) Cr Closing inventory X
(iii) Cr Accounts receivables X
(iv) Cr Unearned revenue X
(v) Cr Accounts payables X
(b) Mind the presentation of the statement of financial

position
 Items in the wrong category  0 mark
 No title: The first item implies the corresponding

category.
100
 Ensure proper account names are used.
Paper 2A Question 8a – Sample 1E
• Good presentation with

clear workings
101


• (iv) Adjusted only the decrease in trade receivables balance

in item (iii), i.e. $15,000×2%; but not realized that deposits
from customers were mistakenly deducted from the trade
receivables 102
(i) overlooked the loan

interest covered a period of 5
months from Dec. 2015 to
April 2016
(ii) Failed to compute the net

 realisable value of the
 inventory correctly (did not
consider the repairing cost)


103
(v) ‘Trade payables’ is given in the question, no mark was

given to ‘Accounts Payables’
104
• Improper account
names:
 Used expenses
accounts in journal
adjustments without
realising the closure
 of all revenue and
expenses items
  Closing inventory
 P&L (no
 abbreviation should
be used)
 • Used ‘accounts
receivables’ instead
 of the account name
given in the
 question, i.e. trade
receivables
105
Paper 2A Question 8a – Sample 4C
帳目名稱準確
(iii)
留存利潤已可得分
‘期末存貨’ 不正確, 但不影響
得分
106
• 對存貨價值
 改變理解不
 足
• 使用不正確
帳目名稱，

 如“汽車”、
“未兌現支
票”
 107
使用錯誤
帳目名稱，

如“損益”、
 “期末存貨”



108
Paper 2A Question 8b – Sample 7E
Good format and

clear workings
 109
110
Proper adjustments
were made in the
statement of financial
position.
However, wrong item

balances due to wrong
journal entries in part (a)
111

Current liabilities: Interest payable of the bank loan was omitted
112
• Missing workings
for inventory and
trade receivables
figures

 • No proper
indication for
“Equity and
liabilities” section
??
113
Paper 2A Question 8b – Sample 10C
答案準確
格式尚算有條理

“營運資金” X
114
Paper 2A Question 8c – Sample 11C
應收貨款沒有草算，故
未能得到草算分
“權益及負債”格式錯誤
115
只抄襲題目內容及格式
116
Paper 2A Question 8c – Sample 13E
Clear explanation 117

Correct direction (drop) but wrong

reason, i.e. CA  and CL unchanged 118
Failed to explain the effect on

assets and liabilities of repaying
the long-term debt earlier
119
解釋清楚
120
誤解題目內容不涉及還款
121
不明白酸性測驗比率的意思
122
Paper 2A Question 9
123
Paper 2A Question 9
124
Paper 2A Question 9
125
126
127
128
Specific General
problem situation
Suggested
solution
129
(a) For the account names:
(i) Fire loss Disposal loss / Realisation loss
(ii) Stock 
Account receivables Customers
Prepayments
Other receivable / Insurance claim
any Accrual items / Insurance company
Account payables Suppliers
Accruals
Unearned revenue
Bank loan
 Preparing statement of financial position ONLY 130
without mentioning “working capital” / “net current
assets” 0 mark
• Correct format of
income statement.
• Correct calculations
including treatment
of inventory loss.
• Use of correct
accounting
terminology.
131
Proper
workings
were shown
132
• Correct calculation of working capital by using exact definition. 133

• Use of appropriate accounting names
Correct comment on the working capital

situation of the company. 134
Correct calculation of total assets

turnover, using the current assets
computed in (a ii) and correct net book
value of the non-current assets.
135
 • Could not work out

the correct amount of
sales and depreciation
 expense.
• Inappropriate
treatment of inventory
loss and insurance
compensation.


136

• Correct treatments for the unpresented cheque and
uncredited deposits in calculating the bank balance
• Omitted the ‘deposits received from customers’ and ‘4% 137
bank loan’.
Could not give appropriate comment

on the working capital situation.
138
Correct formula but incorrect

calculation of total assets turnover.
139
• Inappropriate
treatment of
inventory loss and
insurance
compensation.
• Could not work out

the correct amount
of office rent.
 • Failed to consider
‘number of months’
 in the loan interest
calculation
• Incorrect share of
profits
 140

Prepared a
statement of
financial position
which is not
required in the
question.
Did not point out

the ‘working capital’
in the statement
 and could not work
out the correct
amount of net
current assets
141
Could not give
appropriate
comments on
the working
capital situation.
 Wrong formula
for the ratio
142
• 正確的損益
表格式
• 計算準確無
誤
• 運用精確的
會計詞彙
143
提供準確草算
144
• 計算準確
無誤
• 運用精確
的會計詞
彙
145
清晰表達公司
的營運資金狀
況。
• 總資產周轉率的公式正確
• 未有考慮非流動資產的淨值
146
• 未能適當處理
存貨損失。
• 誤將保險公司
 的賠償當作收
益處理。
• 部份費用未能
 準確計算。

147
• 未能準確計
 算營運資金。
• 運用合適的
會計詞彙。

148
未能清楚說明和解釋公司的營運資金狀況。
雖懂得運用正確公式計算總資產周轉率， 149
惟計算錯誤。
• 未能運用應收貨款帳及應付貨款帳準確計算銷
150
貨及購貨
• 未能正確處理存貨損失
• 折舊:使用餘額遞減法不需考慮殘值
• 漏入利息支出 151
• 不應作利潤分配
雖然懂得營
運資金的定

義，卻未能
準確計算金
額。


152
未能清楚說明和解釋公司的營運資金狀況。
未能運用正確公式計算總資產周轉率。
153
END OF PAPER 2A
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2016 HKDSE

(e.g. Trade receivables  , Account receivables ×)

(b) Limitations of a trial balance:

 (  cannot detect some errors)

 (  cannot detect errors which will not affect the

• wrong total debit

b) only considered error of completing

(3) Bank (X“cheque” not

(4) Cash book

(15) Trade (accounts)

(Part b &d) Incorrect

(Part d & e) 未能掌握賒銷顧客退回貨品及應計利息收入的會計處理

(d) No marks is given:

 indirect labor cost/indirect materials

(a) Included both fixed and

(c) Correct, but unclear

(c) Wrong accounting treatment of under/over absorbed

b) ( × market value / market price / fair value / disposal value /

(c) The underlying

(b) market value X

(c) spelling mistake

(d) Ignored the doubtful debts 32

(b) irrelevant answer

(c) The underlying concept stated was not

(d) wrong calculation of

 Goodwill (methods accepted in this question):

 If the capital accounts were not prepared in

(ai) professional fees $26200 not accepted

- Wrong figure for Allowance

(ai) – confused the Dr side and Cr side.

Only “quality of goods is bad” got 1 mark

ai) - 重估專業費用$26 200 ，欠「現金」

 It is suggested to combine them into account only

 Marks were given for proper workings

 Correct account names should be used in

(Part b) The candidate

(Part a) 汽車帳數字準確, 也備恰當描述。

(Part b) 折舊支出計算準確, 列式分明。

 Part (d) Different approaches can be used to make

(Part a) All correct and in good presentation.

(Part b i)All correct (presentation in equation

(Part b ii) Incorrect explanation and could only state the

(Part c) Showed an all correct answer

(Part d) Compared the variable costs of

(Part a) Incorrect contribution and net profit figures as the 79

(Part b i) All correct (presentation in equation

(Part d) Only calculated the

(Part b i) The candidate did not

(Part c) Incorrect as the net

(Part d) $5.7 was wrongly regarded as

(Part b ii) 未能清楚解釋固定生產間接成本在

(b) Mind the presentation of the statement of financial

 No title: The first item implies the corresponding

• Good presentation with

• (iv) Adjusted only the decrease in trade receivables balance

(i) overlooked the loan

(ii) Failed to compute the net

(v) ‘Trade payables’ is given in the question, no mark was

Good format and

However, wrong item

Clear explanation 117

Correct direction (drop) but wrong

Failed to explain the effect on