會計筆記 – 如何改錯 correction of errors

1. 錯誤類型 types of errors

(1) 漏記 omission – 完全漏計 (左右方都漏記, 或只漏記其中一方)
(2) 錯記在其他帳戶 entry into wrong account – 錯記在同類帳, 或錯記在不
同類帳
(3) 錯記數字/金額 wrong figure / amount – 記多了 overcast / overstate
或
記少了 undercast / understate (左右方都錯記, 或只錯記其中一方)
(4) 重複記帳 entry twice – 多記了一次
(5) 錯記在相方一方 entry into wrong side (左方變右方, 或右方變左方)
(6) 月底或年底結帳後, 將帳戶的結餘抄錄在「試算表」 trial balance 時, 抄
錯了, 因而可能令到試算表兩邊的總數 totals 不相等。
2. agreement of debit balance and credit balance in the trial balance
上述錯誤, 有些會令試算表不能平衡, 有時 debit total 大於 credit total, 有
時則相反。 出現此情況令會計員未能即時編製報告表, 因此通常的做法, 是開設
一項虛假的帳戶, 稱為「暫記帳」suspense account 將欠缺的差額記錄, 以便將
試算表平衡了, 可以繼續編製報表 final accounts, 當發覺錯誤所在後才作更正。
3. 當然, 也有些錯誤是剛好不影響試算表的平衡的, 因此亦不須例如
(1) 錯記在同類型帳戶之內 errors of commission
(2) 錯記在不同類型帳戶之內 errors of principles
(3) 金額左右方都同樣記錯了 errors of original entries
(4) 左方錯記在右方, 同時右方又錯記在左方 complete reversal of entries
(5) 完全漏計 (左右方都同時漏記了) complete omission
(6) 其實出現了兩項不同的錯誤, 只不過, 左方的錯誤與右方的錯誤剛好互相抵
銷了 compensating errors
4. 會考題目一定包括改正錯誤, 只不過有時用 ledger account 形式, 又有時用
journal 形式作答。

(例子) 用現金 $500 還錢給陳先生

錯誤一 未完全漏記 錯誤二 漏記在現金帳
錯誤三 錯記在客戶帳的右方 錯誤四 陳生帳錯記在黃生帳內
錯誤五 金額錯記為 $150 錯誤六 入帳時, 左右都調錯了
錯誤七 現金帳錯記為 $150 錯誤八 在客戶帳右方記了 $550
錯誤九 現金帳錯記在銀行帳內 錯誤十 重複記帳三次
錯誤十一 現金帳少記了 $100, 而陳先生帳多記了 $200
錯誤十二 陳生帳錯記在黃生帳內, 而現金帳錯記在銀行帳內
錯誤十三 貨價原為 $600, 錯以原價為帳, $100 作現金折扣入帳
錯誤十四 現金帳錯記為 $120, 客戶帳錯記為 $210
Accounting (2004 – No. 4) <correction of errors>
The accounting records of Mina Company included the following balances as
at 31 March 2004: $
Capital 600 000
Bank overdraft 16 168
Debtors 342 500
Sales 2 875 710
Purchases 1 616 750
Office equipment 1 700 000
Creditors 281 200
Returns outwards 9 000
Discounts allowed 20 564
Returns inwards 21 985
Provision for depreciation – office equipment 622 810
Stock, 1 April 2003 30 370
Operating expenses 680 377
Commission revenue 11 200
Suspense ?

(a) You are required to draw up the trial balance of Mina Company as at 31
March 2004. <5 marks>

Subsequent checking of the records revealed the following:

(1) The operating expenses account had been overcast by $600.

(2) $3000 paid by cheque for the purchase of office equipment had been
recorded only in the bank account. It is the company’s policy to
provide no depreciation in the year of acquisition.
(3) Bad debts written off amounting to $1232 had been credited to the
commission revenue account only.
(4) Credit purchases of $1000 had been recorded as a credit sale of $1100.
(5) Drawings of goods amounting to $4235 had been debited to operating
expenses as $4325 and credited to sales as $4235.

(b) You are required to prepare the journal entries to correct the above.
(Narrations are not required.) <9 marks>
Accounting (2003 – No. 5) <correction of errors>

The trial balance of Wang Limited as at 31 March 2003 failed to agree and
the difference was debited to a suspense account. The draft net profit for
the year amounted to $183 496.
Subsequent checking of the records revealed the following:
(1) A provision for doubtful debts of $5200, which amounted to 4% of
debtors at year end, was made. However, a provision of 3% should have
been provided.
(2) On 1 April 2002, a cash sale of furniture for $9150 had been recorded
as a cash sale of goods. No other entries in respect of this
transaction had been made. The company had provided for depreciation
at the rate of 20% on the cost of this furniture at 31 March 2003.
The furniture cost $24 000 and had a provision for depreciation of
$14 400 at 31 March 2002.
(3) Credit sales to T.Chan for $20 000 had been correctly recorded in the
sales account but had not been recorded in the personal account.
(4) A payment of interim dividend of $36 000 was wrongly recorded as a
payment of administrative expenses.
(5) Prepaid insurance of $692 at 31 March 2002 had not been brought down
as an opening balance in the insurance account. Prepaid rates of $518
at
31 March 2003 had been omitted from the trial balance.
(6) Carriage outwards of $1205 had been recorded as carriage inwards.
(7) The purchases journal had been overcast by $840.
(8) A creditor for $3020 had been paid twice. Both payments had been
posted to the ledger. However, the refund of the over-payment was
recorded as a cash sale.
(9) Returns outwards of $300 to Y. Lee had been recorded only in the
personal account.
(10) Cash discount allowed of $450 had been correctly credited to debtors
but
debited to sales as $540. A trade discount received of $44 was
recorded
only on the credit side of the discount received account as $449.

You are required to:

(a) prepare the necessary journal entries to correct the above. (17 marks)
(b) Draw up the suspense account. (5 marks)
(c) Prepare a statement to correct the draft net profit for the year ended
31 March 2003. (7 marks)
Accounting (2002 – No. 5) <correction of errors>

(A) List six types of errors that do not affect the agreement of the debit
total and the credit total of a trial balance. <3
marks>

(B) The trial balance of May Limited at 31 March 2002 did not agree and a
suspense account was debited with the difference. The draft net profit
for the year amounted to $67 246.
(1) A credit purchase of furniture for $5 000 had been recorded in the
purchases day book. The company provided for depreciation at the4
rate
of 25% on the cost of furniture held at the end of each financial
year.
(2) The closing stock at 31 March 2002 was over-valued by $1 347.
(3) Free samples received from the suppliers had been wrongly recorded
as credit purchases of $1 000.
(4) A partial loan repayment of $6 000 had been recorded correctly in
the
cash book. However it was recorded as $600 in the loan interest
account.
(5) The sales day book was overcast by $1 870.
(6) Discounts allowed of $460 had been debited to sales as $640.
(7) An increase in the provision for doubtful debts of $900 had been
treated
(8) A payment for telephone expenses of $540 had been recorded twice in
the insurance account.
Required:
(a) Prepare the necessary journal entries to correct the above.
(Narrations are not required.) (12 marks)
(b) Draw up the suspense account. (5 marks)
(c) Prepare a statement to correct the draft net profit for the year ended
31 March 2002. (9 marks)
Accounting (2001 – No. 10) <correction of errors>

On 31 March 2001, the trial balance of George Lee, a wholesaler, failed to

agree and the difference was entered in a suspense account. After the
draft final accounts had been prepared, the following matters were
discovered. A draft profit for the year amounted to $156 403.
(1) The credit side of the salaries account had been undercast by $1 000.
(2) Credit sales of $3 812 had been correctly credited to the sales account
but had been debited to the customer’s account as $3 187.
(3) The bookkeeper had been instructed to reduce the provision for
doubtful debts by $1 300. However, an increase of $1 100 in provision
for doubtful debts had been made.
(4) Due to an oversight, a cash discount had been allowed to a credit
customer on an invoiced amount of $8 000 at the rate of 10%. A
discount of 7% should have been (本來應該) recorded.
(5) Rent of $6 000 which had been prepaid at 31 March 2000 had not been
bought down in the rent account as an opening balance.
(6) Prepaid insurance of $1 829 had been wrongly accounted for as an
accrual.
(7) A cash payment of repairs on a motor vehicle for $9 500 had been
recorded as $5 900 in the motor vehicles account and the cash account.
Wages of $40 000 paid for the construction of a store room was debited
to the wages account. It is the policy of the company to provide
depreciation on the cost of all fixed assets at 10% per annum.
Required:
(a) Prepare journal entries to correct the above. Narrations are not
required.
(b) Prepare a statement to correct the draft net profit for the year ended
31 March 2001. (20 marks)

Accounting (2000 – No. 10) <correction of errors>

The trial balance of Classics Limited at 31 March 2000 did not agree and a
suspense account was debited with a difference of $1 260. The draft net
profit for the year amounted to $39 426.
Subsequent checking of the records revealed the following:
(1) A payment of $2 600 to Tong Company had been posted to the personal
 account as $260.
(2) A petty cash balance of $400 had been omitted from the trial balance.
(3) Wages amounting to $1 200 for the installation of office equipment had
been recorded in the wages account.
(4) Cash sales of $2 000 had been correctly entered in the cash book, but
the sales account was credited with $2 020.
(5) A provision for doubtful debts of $2 900, which amounted to 2% of
debtors at year end, was made. However, a provision of 2.5% should
have been provided.
(6) Goods with a list price of $5 000 were purchased and a 10% trade
discount
was given by Overseas Ltd. The company was also granted a cash
discount
of 7% for early settlement of the debt. The amount of $5 000 was
recorded
both at the time of purchase and at the time of payment to Overseas
Ltd.
(7) The company paid $1 000 to a creditor, but recorded it as a motor
vehicle expenses.
(8) A cash purchase of goods amounting to $1 500 had only recorded in the
purchase account.
Required:
(a) Prepare journal entries to correct the above.
(Narrations are not required.) (12 marks)
(b) Draw up the suspense account. (4 marks)
(c) Prepare a statement to correct the draft net profit for the year ended
31 March 2000. (4 marks)

Accounting (1999 – No. 7) <correction of errors>

The trial balance of Adrian Limited as at 31 March 1999 failed to agree

and The total balances extracted from the sales ledger amounting to $28 634
was not in agreement with the balance of $26 743 in the debtors control
account.
Subsequent checking of the records revealed the following:
(1) A receipt of $4 000 from K.Yu, a debtor, had been treated as cash
sales. (2) Credit sales of $2 000 to A.Fu had been recorded only in the
personal
account in the sales ledger.
(4) A prepayment of rates of $1 000 was wrongly adjusted at year end as an
accrual.
(5) The debtors’ accounts of C.Au $375 and K.Choi $637 were considered
doubtful
and the provision for bad debts was to be adjusted accordingly.
(6) The returns inwards book was undercast by $109.
(7) Consumable goods costing $1 200 were taken from the showroom for office
use, but it was recorded as credit sales of $1 500 to B. Lee.
8) The discount allowed account was overcast by $84.
Required:
(a) Prepare journal entries to correct the above.
(Narrations are not required.) (11 marks)
(b) Draw up the debtors’ control account to correct the balance and
prepare a statement to reconcile this corrected balance with the
total balance of the sales ledger. (6 marks)
(c) Draw up the suspense account. (3 marks)
Accounting (1998 – No. 10) <correction of errors>

The trial balance of Debbie Limited at 31 March 1998 did not agree.
A suspense account was opened to record the net credit difference of $3
996.
The draft net profit for the year amounted to $14 290.

Subsequent checking of the records revealed the following errors:

(1) Bank charges of $270 appeared in the cash book, but had not been posted
to the general ledger.
(2) Cheques totaling $3 450 were sent to creditors on 31 March 1998, but
had not been recorded in the books.
(3) A credit note from Smith Limited (對方通知我們 – 它會 credit 我們的帳
戶)
for $880 had been entered correctly in the returns outwards journal,
but
had been posted to Smith Limited’s account as $1 080.
(4) The sales proceeds (收款) of a fully depreciated (已全部折舊) motor
vehicle
 had been credited to the sales account as $8 600.
The cost of the motor vehicle was $12 000.
(5) A stock loss of $20 000 had been shown in the draft profit and loss
account as “Loss due to burglary (偷竊損失)”. Although the insurance
company agreed that $14 000 would be paid in settlement, no record in
respect of this had been made by the company as at 31 March 1998.
(6) Office equipment costing $7 500, with a list price (原價) of $9 000,
was taken from the showroom for the use of the company, but no entries
in respect of this had been made. It was included in the trading stock
at cost at 31 March 1998. The company provides for depreciation at the
rate of 25% on the cost of office equipment held at the end of each
year.
(7) Discount received of $210 had been credited to purchases as $120.
(8) Credit sales of $1 997 had been correctly recorded in the customer’s
account but had been debited to the selling expenses account as $1 979.

You are required to prepare in the books of Debbie Limited:

(a) the journal entries necessary to correct the above errors.
(The narrations are required.) (11 marks)
(b) the suspense account, and (4 marks)
(c) a statement correcting the draft net profit for the year ended
31 March 1998. (5 marks)

1. 銀行收費已記在現金簿內的銀行帳上, 但未轉錄在總帳簿內的費用帳
2. 寄出支票 $3450 給客戶找數, 職員卻漏記整個事項
3. 客戶(供應商) Smith Ltd 寄來 credit note, 通知我們他會 credit 我們的帳戶, 即他接
受我們的退貨, 表示我們欠他們的貨款可以減少 $880。 職員已記錄在「購貨退回帳」,
在轉錄在客戶帳時卻錯記為 $1,080。
4. 賣出汽車, 買入原價為 $12,000, 已 fully depreciation, 即累積折舊額已等於買入價,
汽車現值 net book value 為零。 賣出汽車時收到 $8,600, 職員卻錯記為 (賒售貸物)。
5. 被偷去貨物, 損失 $20,000, 已予記錄。 但保險公司同意將會賠償 $14,000 給我
們, 雖未收到錢, 但損失是減輕了, 職員並無將保險公司將會賠償的情況紀帳。
6. 進貨轉作公司自用資產, 沒有記帳, 反而在年終時, 作未售存貨處理。
7. Discount received of $210 錯記在 purchases 右方 as $120.
8. Credit sales of $1 997 錯記在 selling expenses 左方 as $1 979.
Accounting (1997 – No. 3) <correction of errors>

The draft final accounts of a sole trader (獨資東主) for the year ended 30
April 1997 showed a net profit of $78 500.

Subsequent (隨後的) investigation (調查) revealed (發現) the following

errors (錯誤) and omissions (漏報):
(1) The trader had paid himself a salary of $25 000 over the period and
had charged this sum to wages and salaries. (東主提款錯作員工薪資處理)
(2) The book-keeper had been instructed (被指示) to write off $3 500 from
a customer’s account as a bad debt, and to reduce the provision for
doubtful debts by $4 200. By mistake, however, he had written off
$4 200 from the customer’s account and increased the provision for
doubtful debts by $3 500. (正式壞帳為 $3500; 呆帳撥備為 $4200; 職員
剛好相反地錯調了。)
(3) The plant and equipment has been depreciated at an annual amount of
$32 500. However, a more realistic figure of $48 750 should have been
used starting from 1 May 1996. (折舊撥備該改為 $48750, 而非 $32500)
(4) Part of the business premises are let out, but rent to the sum of
$24 000 has not been received. No entries in respect of this have been
made in the books. (將部份樓宇分租, 應收而未收的租金為 $24000, 未入帳)
(5) An amount of $300 received from a debtor and paid into the bank on 30
April 1997 has been completely omitted from the books. (客戶來票, 漏記)

Required: (10 marks)

(a) Prepare journal entries to correct the above. (Narrations are not
required.)
(b) Prepare a statement of adjusted profits for the year ended 30 April
1997.

答案 <1997 年 會考題>

(1)
Drawings (BS) 25,000
25,000
P & L – Wages and salaries

(2)
Debtors (4200 – 3500) (BS) 700
700
P & L – Bad debts
Provision for bad debts (BS) 7,700
7,700
P & L – Provision for bad debts

(3)
P & L – Depreciation 16,250
16,250
Provision for depreciation (BS)

(4)
Rent receivable (BS) 24,000
24,000
P & L – Rent income

(5)
Bank (BS) 300
300
 Debtors (BS)

Trading, profit and loss account

(3) Provision bad debt 16,250 Net profit (未經更正的) 78,500
(1) Wages and salaries 25,000
(2) Bad debts 700
(3) Provision bad debt 7,700
Adjusted net profit 119,650 (4) Rent income 24,000
135,650 135,650

答案 <1995 年 會考題>

(1)
Accrued rent (BS) 7,500
P & L – Rent 7,500

(3)
P & L – Bad debts 610
Debtors (BS) 610
Provision for doubtful debts (BS) 208
P & L – Provision for doubtful debt 208
(2)
Premises(BS) 4,000
P & L – Rental income 4,000

(4)
Equipment (BS) 12,000
Trading - Purchases 12,000
P & L – Depreciation 1,200
Provision for depreciation 1,200

(5)
Stock (BS) 1,175
Trading – Closing stock 1,175
(6)
Suspense 100
P & L - Wages 100

(7)
Suspense 90
Creditors (BS) 90

Suspense account
(7) Creditors 90 Trial balance difference 190
(6) Wages 100
190 190

Trading, profit and loss account

(3) Bad debts 610 Unadjusted net profit 47,627
(3) Provide for dis allowed 1,070 (2) Rent 7,500
(4) Depreciation 1,200 (2) Rental income 4,000
(3) Provide for bad debts 208
(4) Purchases 12,000
(5) Closing stock 1,175
Adjusted profit 57,416 (6) Wages 100
72,610 72,610
Accounting (1995 – No. 10) <correction of errors>

The draft accounts of Rose Limited for the year ended 30 April 1995 showed
a net profit of $47 627.
At the draft stage, there was a net difference of $190 in the trial
balance. A suspense account was opened to record this.

During subsequent investigation, the following errors were discovered:

(1) The company has acquired additional office space from 1 November 1994
as
an annual rental of $30 000, payable quarterly (每季) in advance (提前).
 The first two payments were made on 1 November 1994 and 1 February 1995
respectively, but in preparing the4 draft accounts for the year ended
30 April 1995 but book-keeper mistakenly thought that these payments
were made in arrear (後期繳交) and had raised an accruals (欠) account.
(2) The company has sub-let (分租) part of the office referred to (1) above
(以上之寫字樓物業) at a quarterly rental of $4 000, payable in advance
from 1 February 1995. The tenant (租戶) paid the rental for the first
three months on 1 February 1995. The book-keeper had debited it to the
bank account and credited it to the premises account.
(3) Trade debtors were shown as $55 210. However, a bad debt of $610 had
not been written off. The existing (現時的) provision for doubtful
debts, $1 300, should have been adjusted (調整) to 2% of debtors.
(4) A piece of equipment costing $12 000 and acquired on 1 May 1994 for use
in the business had been debited to purchases account. It was the
company’s policy (政策) to depreciate equipment at 10% per annum (每
年)
on cost.
(5) Items valued at $1 175 had been completely omitted from the closing
closing stock figure.
(6) The debit side of the wages account had been over-added by $100.
(7) Credit purchases of $2 980 had been correctly debited to the purchases
account but had been credited to the supplier’s account as $2 890.

Required:
(a) Show the journal entries necessary to correct the above errors
(No narrations is required.) (13 marks)
(b) Prepare a statement correcting the draft net profit for the year
ended 30 April 1995. (5 marks)
(c) Draw up the suspense account. (2 marks)
Accounting (1996 – No. 10) <correction of errors>

The draft accounts of Mabel Company Limited for the year ended 30 April
1996 failed to balance, and there was a net debit difference of $ 2 335 in
the
suspense account. The net profit for the year before adjustments amounted
to $ 129 300.
During subsequent audit, the following details were discovered:
(1) The debit balance of $ 1500 on Sharp Limited’s account had been
brought
down forward as $ 150.
(2) A new piece of furniture costing $ 3100 had been debited to the
purchases account. (Ignore year-end depreciation.)
(3) Depreciation of office equipment had been entered in the profit and
loss
account as $ 1683 instead of $ 1368.
(4) A bad debt of $ 1300 had been written off from the account of Modern
Limited, but the double entry had not been completed.
(5) In April 1996, Mabel Company Limited had bought goods on credit from
Elegant Limited for $ 4521.
Later, Mabel Company had sold goods on credit to the same company for
$ 1630. These transactions had been correctly recorded in the
accounts. However, the two accounts of Elegant Limited were to be
settled in contra at 30 April 1996.
(6) No entries had been made in the books in respect of a credit purchase
from Allen Limited on 29 April 1996. The invoice price was $ 650 and a
trade discount of $ 40 had been given by the supplier.
(7) Some goods, costing $ 840 had been damaged by fire. They had no scrap
value and were already written off. A claim of $ 800 had been agreed
with the insurance company; the company would pay us later.
(8) Mr Lee, whose debts had previously been written off as bad, paid $ 731
to clear his account in April 1996. No entry has yet been made.
(9) The return inwards account had been credited with $ 90 for some goods
returned to a supplier.

Required:
(a) Show the journal entries necessary to correct the above.
(No narrations is required.) (13 marks)
(b) Draw up the suspense account. (3 marks)
(c) Calculate the revised net profit for the year ended 30 April 1996.
(4 marks)
答案 <1996 年 會考題>
(1)
Sharp Limited (BS) 1,350
Suspense 1,350
(2)
 Furniture (BS) 3,100
Trading – Purchases 3,100
(3)
Suspense 315
P & L – Depreciation 315
(4)
P & L – Bad debts 1,300
Suspense 1,300
(5)
Elegant Limited (Creditor) 1,630
Elegant Limited (Debtor) 1,630
(6)
Trading – Purchases (650 – 40) 610
Allen Limited (BS) 610
(7)
Debtor – Insurance company (BS) 800
P & L – Insurance claim 800
(8)
Bank / Cash (BS) 731
P & L – Bad debts recovered 731
(9)
Return inwards 90
Return outwards 90

Suspense account
Trial balance difference 3,996 (1) Sharp Limited 1,350
(3) Profit and loss 315 (4) Bad debts 1,300
2,650 2,650

Trading, profit and loss account

(4) Bad debts 1,300 Unadjusted net profit 129,380
(6) Purchases 610 (2) Purchases 3,100
(3) Depreciation 315
(7) Insurance claim 800
(8) Bad debt recovered 731
Adjusted profit 132,506 (9) Return outwards 90
134,416 134,416
4A Accounting test (2) on Correction of errors
The draft accounts of YCH Ltd for the year ended 31 March 2005 failed to
agree, and there was a net debit difference of $2,900 in the suspense
account.
The net profit for the year before adjustments amounted to $21,920.
Subsequent investigation found the following details:
(1) The opening balance of a accrued wages account was brought down as at
1 April 2004 as $2,300; it should have been $3,200.
(2) A new machine costing $ 3,000 had been credited to the purchases
account.
Year-end depreciation should be provided at 20% on cost.
(3) Depreciation of office equipment had been posted in the profit and loss
account as $1,680; it should have been $ 1,860.
(4) In May 2004, a bad debt of $1,300 had been written off from the account
of a debtor. Entries had been made about this.
However, in July 2004, the debtors paid us $1,000 later to settled his
account; this transaction in July had not been entered in the books.
(5) In January 2005, YCH Ltd sold goods on credit to XYZ Ltd for $2,600.
However, it was found that XYZ Ltd was also a creditor of YCH Ltd,
owing
$800 to YCH Ltd. It was decided to offset the accounts of XYZ Ltd.
(6) The debit side of the rent account had been under-added by $100.
(7) A credit purchase was made from HK Ltd in June 2004.
The list price was $ 500 and a 10% trade discount had been given.
Later in July 2004, the debt was settled by bank with a 2 % cash
discount received. Both transactions had not been entered in accounts.
(8) Included in closing stock were some goods which had been sent to YCH
Ltd as free samples (免費貨板). The cost recorded was $200.
(9) The return outwards account had been credited with $50 for some goods
returned to YCH Ltd by a buyer.
(10) On 31 March 2005, the credit balance of $1,200 on Shape Ltd’s account
had been brought down forward as a debit balance.

Required: <37 marks>

(a) Show the journal entries necessary to correct the above.
(No narrations is required.)
(b) Draw up the suspense account.
(c) Calculate the revised net profit for the year ended 31 March 2005.
4A Accounting test (2) on Correction of errors
(1)
Suspense 900
900
Profit & loss – Wages
(2)
Trading – Purchases 3,000
Machinery (BS) 3,000
6,000
Suspense
Profit & loss – Depreciation 600
600
Provision for depreciation (BS)
(3)
Provision for depreciation (BS) 180
180
Profit & loss – Depreciation
(4)
Bank 1,000
1,000
Profit & loss – Bad debt (recovery)
(5)
XYZ Ltd – Creditor (BS) 800
800
XYZ Ltd – Debtor (BS)
(6)
Profit & loss – Rent 100
100
Suspense
(7)
Trading – Purchases 450
450
HK Ltd (BS)
HK Ltd (BS) 450
9
Profit & loss – Discount received
441
Bank
(8)
Profit & loss – Closing stock 200
200
Stock (BS)
(9)
Profit & loss – Returns inwards 50
Profit & loss – Returns outwards 50
100
Suspense
(10)
Suspense 2400
2400
Shape Ltd

Suspense account
Trial balance difference 2,900 (1) Purchases / Machinery 6,000
(1) Wages 900 (6) Rent 100
(10) Shape Ltd 2,400 (9) Returns inward / outward 100
6,200 6,200

Trading, profit and loss account

(2) Purchases 3,000 Unadjusted net profit 21,920
(2) Depreciation 600 (1) Wages 900
(6) Rent 100 (3) Depreciation 180
(7) Purchases 450 (4) Bad debt (recovery) 1,000
(8) Closing stock 200 (7) Discount received 9
(9) Returns inwards 50
(9) Returns outwards 50
4,459
Adjusted profit 19,559 s
24,009 24,00

答案 <1996 年 會考題>
(1)
Sharp Limited (BS) 1,350
Suspense 1,350
(2)
Furniture (BS) 3,100
Trading – Purchases 3,100
(3)
Suspense 315
P & L – Depreciation 315
(4)
P & L – Bad debts 1,300
Suspense 1,300
(5)
 Elegant Limited (Creditor) 1,630
Elegant Limited (Debtor) 1,630
(6)
Trading – Purchases (650 – 40) 610
Allen Limited (BS) 610
(7)
Debtor – Insurance company (BS) 800
P & L – Insurance claim 800
(8)
Bank / Cash (BS) 731
P & L – Bad debts recovered 731
(9)
Return inwards 90
Return outwards 90

Suspense account
Trial balance difference 3,996 (1) Sharp Limited 1,350
(3) Profit and loss 315 (4) Bad debts 1,300
2,650 2,650

Trading, profit and loss account

(4) Bad debts 1,300 Unadjusted net profit 129,380
(6) Purchases 610 (2) Purchases 3,100
(3) Depreciation 315
(7) Insurance claim 800
(8) Bad debt recovered 731
Adjusted profit 132,506 (9) Return outwards 90
134,416 134,416

Accounting (1994 – No. 10) <correction of errors>

The draft balance sheet of the Oriental Office Equipment Company as at
31 March 1995 was as follows:
$ $ $ $
Fixed assets at cost 85,000 Capital 53,000
Less: Accumulated Add: Net profit 4,025
Depreciation 37,500 57,025
47,500 Less: Drawings 1,110
Current assets: 55,915
Stock 6,280 Current liabilities:
Debtors 3,150 Creditors 2,630
Petty cash 70 9,500 Bank overdraft 1,935
Suspense 3,480 4,565
60,480 60,480

Upon an investigation of the accounts, the following were revealed:

(1) The debtors’ control account (ie, total debtors account) showed a
balance of $6,550.
(2) A debtor’s balance of $810 was omitted from the list extracted on 31
March 1994 which gave the total of $3,150.
(3) The sales day book was undercast by $290.
(4) A credit sale of $1,260 to Mr Cheng had been credited as $1,620 in his
account.
(5) Goods $430 returned by Mr Ko were wrongly recorded in the purchases
day book, and posted to Mr Kok’s account in the purchases ledger.
(6) The petty cash book showed a payment to a creditor of $80, but the
corresponding (相應的) entry had not been made in the personal ledger.
(7) During the physical stock-taking (實地盤點存貨) at year end, one of the
stock sheets was overcast by $720.
(8) The owner had taken $350 worth of goods for personal use (私人用途) but
the account had been recorded as a credit sale.
(9) A typewriter costing $2,500 was taken from the warehouse for
administration (行政) use, but no entries were made in the books.
However, during the year end stock-taking, this had been treated as
Trading goods, and was included in the company’s closing stock figure.
It is the policy (政策) of the company to depreciate a full year’s
Charge at 20 % on the cost of fixed assets.
Required:
(a) Draw up the debtors’ control account to correct the balance, and
 prepare a statement to reconcile this corrected balance with the
total of the sales ledger. (7 Marks)
(b) Draw up the suspense account. (4 marks)
(c) Reconstruct (重新編製) the balance sheet of the Oriental Office
Equipment Company after making the corrections. (9 marks)

Accounting (1994 – No. 10) <Answers>

(a)
Debtors control (= Total debtors)
Balance b/d (5) Sales returns
(3) Sales undercast (8) Drawings
Balance c/d

List of debtor total in the sales ledger:

Unadjusted debtors’ total
Add: (2) Balance omitted
(4) Credit sales wrongly credited

Less: (5) Returns inwards wrongly entered

(7) Drawings entered as credit sales
Adjusted debtors’ total

(b)
Suspense
Trial balance difference (2) Debtors balance omitted
(3) Sales undercast (4) Debtors – credit sales
(6) Creditors – petty cash

Trading and profit and loss

(7) Closing stock overcast Unadjusted net profit
(9) Depreciation omitted (3) Sales undercast
Adjusted net profit

Balance sheet as at 31 March 1994

$ $ $ $
Fixed assets at cost Capital
 Less: Accumulated Add: Net profit
Depreciation
Less: Drawings
Current assets:
Stock Current liabilities:
Debtors Creditors
Petty cash Bank overdraft
Suspense
58,690 58,690

Accounting (1994 – No. 10) <Answers>

(2)
Debtors (BS) 810
Suspense 810
(3)
Suspense 290
Trading – credit sales 290
(4)
Mr Cheng (BS – Debtors) 2,880
Suspense 2,880
(5)
Trading – returns inwards 430
Mr Ko (BS – Debtors) 430
Mr Kok (BS – Creditors) 430
Trading – purchases 430
(6)
Creditor (BS) 80
Suspense 80
(7)
Trading – closing stock 720
Stock (BS) 720
(8)
Trading – credit sales 350
Debtors (BS) 350
Drawings (BS) 350
Trading – purchases 350
(9)
Fixed assets 2,500
Stock (BS) 2,500
Profit & loss – depreciation 500
Provision for depreciation (BS) 500
(a)
Debtors control (= Total debtors)
(1) Balance b/d 6,550 (5) Returns inwards omitted 430
(3) Sales undercast 290 (8) Drawings as credit sale 350
Balance c/d 6,060
 6,840 6,840

List of debtor total in the sales ledger:

$ $
Unadjusted debtors’ total
3,150
Add: (2) A debtor’s balance omitted 810
(4) Credit sales wrongly credited
(1,260 + 1,620) 2,880 3,690
6,840
Less: (5) Return inward omitted 430
(7) Drawings entered as credit sales 350 780
Adjusted debtors’ total
6,060

(b)
Suspense
Trial balance difference 1,480 (2) Debtors balance omitted 810
(3) Sales undercast 290 (4) Debtors – credit sales
2,880
(6) Creditors – petty cash
80
3,770 3,770

Trading and profit and loss

(7) Closing stock overcast 720 Unadjusted net profit 4,025
(9) Depreciation omitted 500 (3) Sales undercast 290
(8) Credit sales 350 (8) Purchases 350
Adjusted net profit 3,095
4,375 4,375

Balance sheet as at 31 March 1994

Fixed assets at cost Capital 53,000
Less: Accumulated 87,500 Add: Net profit 3,095
Depreciation 38,000 56,095
 49,500 Less: Drawings 1,460
Current assets: 54,635
Stock 3,060 Current liabilities:
Debtors 6,060 Creditors 2,120
Petty cash 70 9,190 Bank overdraft 1,935 4,055
58,690 58,690

Accounting (1993 – No. 8) <correction of errors>

Balance sheet as at 31 March 1994

$ $ $ $
Fixed assets: Capital 90,000
Plant & machinery 80,000 Add: Net profit 29,000
Less: Acc Depr 20,000 60,000
119,000
Fixtures & fittings 75,000 Less: Drawings 7,400
Less: Acc Depr 35,000 40,000 111,540
100,000
Current assets:
Stock 8,200 Current liabilities:
Debtors 4,150 Creditors 3,340
Bank 2,650 15,000 Accrual 120 3,460
115,000 115,000

On checking the accounts of the company, the following was revealed:

(1) It is the policy of the company to depreciate fixed assets by the
reducing balance method (遞減法). Unluckily, the accounts clerk
had wrongly computed (計算) the depreciation for the year plant &
machinery $8,000; fixtures & fittings $15,000) by the straight line
method (直線平均法), though the same rate had been applied. There was
no addition (增購) or disposal (變賣) of fixed assets during the year.
(2) During the physical stock-taking on 31 March 1993, 250 units were
wrongly entered at a unit cost of $1.20, instead of (本應是) $10.20
(3) Provision for doubtful debts of 8% on debtors was to be created.
In addition, 2% discount allowed was to be provided for. (先利用 debtors
計算 ”疑帳撥備”, 即: $4,150 x 8% = $332; 再利用 debtors 餘額計算 ”折
扣
撥備”, 即: {$4,150 – $332} x 2% = $76。)
(4) The accrual (尚欠費用) $120 should have been a prepayment (預繳費用).
(5) The company failed in a court case (法庭案件) and $7,500 had to be paid
to a customer for damages (賠償). This amount had not been paid at 31
March 1933. (雖未付款, 但仍應撥備, 作為負債。)

Required:
(a) Prepare journal entries to correct the above.
(Narrations are not required.) (8 marks)
(b) Calculate the net profit after adjustments have been made.
(4 marks)
(c) Prepare the revised balance sheet after adjustments. (7 marks)

Accounting (1993 – No. 8) <Answers>

(1) Working: (i) depreciation of machinery by reducing balance
= (80,000 – [20,000 – 8,000]) x 10% = 6,800
機器折舊錯誤撥備 $8,000, 其實應為 $6,800.
ie, over-provision = 8,000 – 6,800 = 1,200

Working: (ii) depreciation of fixtures by reducing balance

= (75,000 – [35,000 – 15,000]) x 20% = 11,000
傢俱折舊錯誤撥備 $15,000, 其實應為 $11,000.
ie, over-provision = 15,000 – 11,000 = 4,000

(2) Working: stock value 應為 250 units x $10.20 = $2,550

現錯記為 250 units x $1.20 = $300
ie, undercast by: 2,550 – 300 = 2,250

(3) 先利用 debtors 計算 ”疑帳撥備”, 即: $4,150 x 8% = $332 ;

再利用 debtors 餘額計算 ”折扣撥備”, 即: {$4,150 – $332} x 2% = $76

(4) 先更正 accrual (負債) $120 ; 然後補做 prepayment (資產).

(5) 雖未付款, 但仍應視為費用/損失, 同時作負債撥備

Trading and profit and loss

(3) Provision for bad debt Unadjusted net profit
(3) Drovision for dis allowed (1) Depreciation overcast
(5) Insurance claim (2) Closing stock undercast
Adjusted net profit (4) Prepayment as accrual

Balance sheet as at 31 March 1994

$ $ $ $
Fixed assets: Capital
Plant & machinery Add: Net profit
Less: Acc Depr

Fixtures & fittings Less: Drawings

Less: Acc Depr

Current assets:
Stock Current liabilities:
Debtors
Provision for B.D. Creditors
Provision for D.A.
Prepayment Insurance
Bank Payable __

Accounting (1992 SE – No. 5) <correction of errors>

(A) Why is a suspense account used?

(B) Technic Company prepared the balance sheet as at 31 March 1992:

$ $ $
Capital as on 1 April, 91 18,000 Plant & machinery (net) 30,000
Add: Profit for the year 7,000 Stock 8,000
25,000 Debtors 15,000
Loan 20,000
 Creditors 9,000 29,000
54,000 54,000

Upon investigation of the books, you ascertain that:

(1) Additional depreciation on plant & machinery of $500 should be
provided.
(2) A doubtful debts provision of 1% on debtors should be provided.
(3) Sales included goods sold for $500, which was 25% above cost. These
goods awaited collection by customers but had been included in stock.
(4) Loan interest was outstanding for six months at 6% per annum.
(5) Bank charge $50 had not been recorded.

Required: (7 marks)
Prepare a statement showing the adjustments to the profits for the year.

Accounting (1992 – No. 9) <correction of errors>

The incorrect balance sheet of SLT Computer Co. as shown below was prepare
by an inexperienced (經驗很淺的) book-keeper.

Balance sheet as at 31 March 1992

$ $ $ $
Fixed assets: Capital:
Stock 39,950 Balance as 1.4.1991 53,210
Office equipment 95,000 Less: Drawings 20,000
Less: Acc Depr 11,400 83,600 33,210
Add: Net profit 31,200
Prepaid rent 5,000 64,410
Motor vehicles 153,300 Liabilities:
Less: Acc Depr 54,268 90,032 Loan 100,000
Current assets: Interest accrued 11,000
Debtors 4,150 Creditors 93,306
Bank 22,300 Suspense 1,866
270,582 270,582

The following errors were subsequently found:

(1) A sale of $7,667 was correctly entered in the sales account but was
credited to the debtors account as $6,767.
(2) The only journal entry for the disposal of a motor vehicle on 1 April
1991 with a cost of $50,000 and an accumulated depreciation of $10,000
was: Dr: Bank $ 35,000
Cr: Sales $ 35,000
(3) The returns inwards account was overcast by $1,500 and the closing
stock was undervalued by $23,500.
(4) $16,500 for a new computer bought for resale was debited to the office
equipment account but was not recorded in the cash book. (Ignore the
depreciation charge.) However, the value of the computer had been
included in the closing stock.

Required:
Prepare the following:
(a) journal entries to correct the above, (Narrations are not required.)
(b) a statement for the revised net profit, and
(c) a revised balance sheet.

Accounting (1991 – No. 3) <correction of errors>

The draft trading and profit and loss account of Exbrain Computer Co. for
the year ended 30 June 1990 showed a net profit of $100,000.

The following subsequently discovered:

(1) Goods in the company’s warehouse costing $80,000 were stolen in
October
1989, and the account was written off immediately. A letter was
received
from the insurance company on the last day of June 1990 acknowledging
(指出) that $72,000 would be paid for the loss but no entries were
made.
(2) A computer costing $30,000 was taken from the stock on 1 March 1990 to
be used by the sales manager on company business. No entries in the
books were made about this, and this computer was not included in the
stock valuation at 30 June 1990. The company provides for depreciation
on equipment at a rate of 25% per annum on a straight line basis.
(將待售存貨變作自用資產 – 應在 purchases 帳扣除; 而且年終要折舊撥備)
(3) The company sponsored (贊助) a graduation ball organized by the student
union of a university by donating (捐贈) 3 line printers as prizes for
 the lucky draw. The selling price of each printer was $3,450 at 15%
mark-up (售價為來價的 15%). The amount of $10,350 was debited to
advertising and credited to sales. (捐贈存貨應在 purchase 帳以來價扣
除)

Required:
(a) Prepare journal entries to correct the above, (Narrations are not
required)
(b) Prepare a statement showing the revised net profit. <10 makrs>

Accounting (1989 – No. 9) <correction of errors>

The trial balance, extracted from the books of Jerdi Company as on 31 March
1989, failed to agree, and the amount of the difference was entered in a
suspense account. A trading and profit and loss account was prepared on
the basis of this trial balance and showed a net profit of $297,200.

The following errors were later discovered and the difference was
eliminated from the suspense account.
(1) Returns to suppliers, amounting to $3,540, had been posted to the
personal accounts only.
(2) $5,100 paid in cash for a typewriter had been posted to the office
expenses account. (應記作資產 – office equipment )
(3) The closing stock on 31 March 1989 was overcast by $880.
(4) Discounts received from a trade creditors, $2,600, had been posted to
the wrong side of the discounts account.
(5) A sales invoice for $173 had been completely omitted from the books.
(6) A payment of $7,390 for new furniture had been credited in the cash
book but no other entry had been made.
(7) The wages account had been overcast by $360.
(8) A bank overdraft (透支, 應作負債) of $1,080 had been included in
the trial balance as a debt balance.
(9) A purchase invoice (發票) of $3,020 have been completely omitted.
(10) A payment of $540 to Mr Mo, a trade creditor, correctly entered in
the cash book, had been debited to his personal account as $450.
Required:
(a) Show the correcting journal entries. (No narrations is required.)
(b) Show the entries in the suspense account.
(c) Calculate the corrected net profit.

Accounting (1988 – No. 4) <correction of errors>

At the end of the accounting years, a book-keeper discovered that the net
total of the balances extracted from the purchases ledger, which was
$87,345, did not agree with the balance shown by the purchases ledger
control account. The following errors were found, and after adjustments
had been made, the books balanced.
(1) An item of $683, being purchases from A. Wong had been posted from
the purchases day book to the credit of L. Wong’s account.
(2) Credit balances on the purchases ledger amounting to $329, and debit
balances amounting to $583 had been omitted from the list of balances.
(3) The purchase day book had been undercast by $217.
(4) Goods costing $1,386 had been returned to P.Tam and his account debited
for the goods returned to him, but no other entry had been made.

Required:
(a) Give the journal entries necessary to correct these errors.
(b) Calculate the balance of the purchases ledger control account:
<i> after the corrections, and <ii> before the corrections.

Accounting (1987 – No. 10) <correction of errors>

A trial balance extracted at 31 January 1987 failed to agree and a suspense
account was opened to balance it off. The balance sheet below was drawn up

Balance sheet as at 31 January 1987

$ $ $
Fixed assets
Machinery 40,000
Less provision for depreciation 16,000 24,000
Other furniture 14,000
Less provision for depreciation 6,300 7,700
31,700
Current assets:
Stock 12,500
Trade debtors 8,500
 Other debtors 4,100
Cash 3,800
28,900
Less Current liabilities
Creditors 9,100
Suspense 5,300 14,400 14,500
46,200
Financed by:
Share capital 46,200

An inspection of the ledgers was made, and the following was discovered:
(1) The closing stock includes $1,050 goods received as samples.
(2) Office furniture of $800 returned to the supplier has been recorded
in the return outwards account. (要更正折舊撥備)
(3) A debt of $150 already written off in the previous (前年已撇作壞帳)
has been collected in the current year (應另開收入帳 bad debt recovery
處理, 記在右方). The only entry made for this transaction was debited
cash account and credited trade debtors account.
(4) A payment of $67 for repairs had been correctly entered in the cash
book, but has been recorded in the repairs account as $76.
(5) A machine purchased for the company’s use costing $1,200 had been
debited to the purchases account. (自用資產, 並非購入存貨; 要計折舊)
(6) The balance of one of the suppliers was $2,850 in credit, but this was
carried down as $2,500 on the debit side of the list of creditors. The
total debit balance of the list was included in the other debtors
account.
(7) Goods amounting to $620 returned to a suppler have not been recorded.
(8) A balance of $59 has been omitted from the list of trade debtors.

Required: <20 marks>

(a) Prepare journal entries (narrations are not required) to correct the
above, Their effect on the profit and loss account should also be
incorporated. (Assume that the company depreciated its machinery and
office furniture by the straight line method at 20% and 15%
respectively; full year’s depreciation will be charged at purchase.)
(b) Prepare a statement showing the revised net profit for the year.
Accounting (1986 – No. 3) <correction of errors>
(A) State the kinds of errors which do not affect the agreement of trial
balance totals.

(Double entry 複式會計在入帳時, 若 Dr entry 與 Cr entry 不符, 會令試算

表的 Dr total 與 Cr total 也不相符, 改正時會涉及 suspense account,
但有些錯誤則剛好不影響試算表的平衡。)

(1) 錯記在同類型帳戶之內 errors of commission

(2) 錯記在不同類型帳戶之內 errors of principles
(3) 金額左右方都同樣記錯了 errors of original entries
(4) 左方錯記在右方, 同時右方又錯記在左方 complete reversal of entries
(5) 完全漏計 (左右方都同時漏記了) complete omission
(6) 其實出現了兩項不同的錯誤, 只不過, 左方的錯誤與右方的錯誤剛好互相抵
銷了 compensating errors

(B) A trial balance prepared from the ledger of Tin On Company as at 31

December 1985 failed to agree, and the difference was posted to a
suspense account. In each January 1986, the following errors were
discovered, which resulted in the suspense account being cleared.)
(1) The total of the returns outwards book $150 had not been posted to the
ledger.
(2) A sal of goods of $98 to Mr Fung had been posted to his account as
$89, the other posting being correct.
(3) Outstanding (尚欠) telephone expenses in the sum (數目) of $126, had
not yet been recorded.
(4) The debit balance of $250 on Mr Lo’s account had been omitted from the
trial balance.
(5) $500 received from sales of office equipment had been entered in the
sales account.
(6) Bank charge of $20 entered in the cash book had not been posted to
the bank charges account.

Required: <7 marks>

Prepare journal entries (narrations are not required) to correct the errors.