SOURCES AND LEVELS OF BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONG INTENSIVE

CARE UNIT NURSES OF PRIVATE HOSPITALS IN TACLOBAN CITY:

BASIS FOR DEVELOPING BURNOUT RELIEF MEASURES

A Research Proposal
presented to

The Faculty of the College of Nursing

Doña Remedios Trinidad Romualdez Medical Foundation, Inc.

In partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Nursing

JONATHAN A. RAMO
JOHNRICK B. SABEJON
MIKAELLA SALDAÑA
SHERAMAE ISOBEL C. SILVANO
ARIANNE B. SOYOSA
KRIZZA MAE B. SUAREZ
JEAN MARIE B. SUMBELING
STEFFIE JANE C. TAN
FRANCES LAILA A. TEZON
ILLEANA MADELEINE L. TIRO
ED THEA JASMIN M. YU

October 2021
ABSTRACT
 Burnout has been widely explored in health care. It is a state of emotional, physical, and mental

exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. Nurses who work in a stressful medical

environment, especially in an intensive care unit (ICU), may be particularly susceptible to burnout. In

nurses, burnout may affect their well-being and the quality of professional care they provide and can,

therefore, be detrimental to patient safety. This study determined the sources and levels of burnout

syndrome and assessed the nurses’ ages, sex, marital status, number of children, religion, highest

educational attainment, years of experience, type of work shift, and job position. The focus of this study

was to analyze the aforementioned variables of the profiles of nurses, also to identify and assess the level

of their burnout. The objectives were: to determine the prevalence of burnout in the ICU setting; and to

identify factors associated with burnout. The target population in this study was composed of ICU nurses

working in selected private hospitals located in Tacloban City, namely, Divine Word Hospital (DWH),

Allied Care Experts (ACE) Medical Center, and Remedios Trinidad Romualdez Hospital (RTRH). The

researchers distributed questionnaires which served as their main instrument for gathering data in this

study. The questionnaire used in this study was a mixture of a standardized questionnaire which is the

Stress Inventory developed by Fimian (1988) that was cited in the study of Cabacaba (2006), Maslach

Burnout Inventory by Maslach (2016), and a research designed questionnaire on the relief measures by

ICU nurses of selected hospitals in Tacloban City. The results indicate that both system-related and

people-related factors contributing to burnout among ICU nurses were identified as moderate stressors.
In addition, it was also found that there is an equal frequency of the respondents who experienced a low

level of burnout and a high level of burnout; most of them have not become increasingly cynical, distant,

and are able to be empathetic towards their patients; and they feel a lack of achievement and no longer get

satisfaction from achieving things in their role. As to the relationship between the demographic data and

sources of burnout, it was found that only Gender, Number of Children, Years of Experience, and Job

Position have a significant relationship with the sources of burnout. Sex and Highest Educational

Attainment was also found to have a significant relationship between the demographic data and the levels

of burnout among ICU nurses. In terms of personal relief measures, it was found that respondents

prioritize physical health over mental health to alleviate burnout. Moreover, with regards to occupational

and sociological relief measures, varying work routines and organizational culture should be the priorities

to minimize burnout among ICU nurses.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to acknowledge the following people for they have contributed to the

overall success of this study and served as instruments of determination in the process of their works.

First and foremost, the researchers would like to express their deep and sincere gratitude to their

research advisor, Dr. Socorro Salvacion-Gasco, DM-HRM, MN, RN, for her patience, motivation, and

immense knowledge and for providing invaluable guidance throughout this research. Her expertise,

understanding, insightful comments, and suggestions have built proper pavements for us to walk and

achieve the end of this matter. And also to Ms. Raiza V. Que, MPA and Mr. Severo L. Blanco II, for

sharing their time and professional expertise, providing suggestions and assistance in the validation,

analysis, and interpretation of data for this study.

Second, the researchers would like to thank the respondents from Divine World Hospital (DWH),

Allied Care Experts (ACE) Medical Center, and Remedios Trinidad Romualdez Hospital (RTRH). for

their support, cooperation, and time spent to answer the survey questionnaires. As well as Tacloban City

Hospital, for participating in the study’s pilot testing.

Third, the researchers would also like to acknowledge their supportive parents, who allotted

invaluable resources throughout the conduct of this research.

Finally, the researchers humbly extend their heartfelt gratitude and praises to the Almighty God,

for all the blessings, guidance, wisdom, and overcoming all the challenges faced leading to the

accomplishment of this study.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

Background and Rationale of the Study………………………………........... . 1
Objectives……………………………………………….………………………… 4
Statement of the Problem………………………………………….……....…... 5
Null Hypothesis………………………………………………….………………. 6
Significance of the Study………………………………………………………. 7
Scope and Limitations……………………………………………………….…. 8
Theoretical Background
Theoretical Framework……………………………………………….. 9
Conceptual Framework………………………………………………. 17
Definition of Terms……………………………………………………….…….. 18

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature…………………………………………………………….... 21
Related Studies……………………………………………...…………….…... 38

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

Research Design……………………...…………………………...……..……. 58
Target Population and Sampling Procedure……………………………...... 59
Research Locale…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..……..…..….....…….. 61
Research Instrument…………………………………………………….…….. 65
Validation of Research Instruments……………………………………..…… 67
Data Collection…………………………..…………………………..….....…... 68
Data Processing..…………………..……………………………………..……. 69
Statistical Treatment of Data………………………………………....….……. 75

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 Demographic Profile of Intensive Care Unit Nurses…………………………. 83

Sources of Burnout Among Intensive Care Unit Nurses…………………….. 87

Levels of Burnout Among Intensive Care Unit Nurses………………………. 96

Relationship between Demographic Profile and Sources of Burnout……… 104

Relationship between Demographic Profile and Levels of Burnout………… 118

Relief Measures…………………………………………………………………… 126

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary ………………………………………………………………............... 131
Findings and Implications………………………………………………………. 135
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….. 141
Recommendations……………………………………………………............... 144
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Book Resources………………………………………………………............... 146
Journals………………………………………………………………………….. 146
Electronic Resources………………………………………………….............. 150
APPENDICES
Appendix A: List of Tables and Figures………………………………………… i
Appendix B: Permission Letters………………………………………………... iii
Appendix C: Ethics Review Sub-Committee Form…………………………… vii
Appendix D: Questionnaire……………………………………………………… viii
Appendix E: Certificate of Statistician…………………………………………. xvi
Appendix F: Photo Documentation…………………………………………….. xvii