RELATIVE CLAUSES

1. - 16. sorularda, cümlede boş

bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük
ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

1. The history of the black beret as an armour 5. Most of the parents today may not be able
dates back to 1917, ---- it was first used by to figure out the reason ---- their children
the French tank men in World War 1. love playing those violent video games for
hours.
A) which
B) that A) which
C) where B) where
D) whom C) whose
E) when D) of which
E) why

2. Pueraria lobata is a famous Chinese 6. Tundra ecosystems are treeless regions

traditional medicinal herb ---- has been especially found on the tops of mountains
consumed by many people all over the ---- the climate is cold and windy and the
world. rainfall is scarce.

A) where A) which
B) who B) where
C) whose C) that
D) at which D) whose
E) which E) far which

7. The people ---- had been injured in the

3. Alan Bennett, ---- plays have been staged terrible car crash were immediately taken
several times at the world theatres, is a to the hospital ---- was famous for its
renowned playwright. doctors.

A) whose A) whom / that

B) which B) who / where
C) who C) that / in which
D) that D) who / which
E) whom E) who / whose

8. The Brazil nut tree is one valuable tree

4. Earlier, people had to call the operator at ---- refuses to grow anywhere but in
the post office to put them through to the undisturbed sections of the Amazon rain
person ---- they wanted to talk to. forest.

A) when A) where
B) whom B) in which
C) what C) at which
D) whose D) that
E) which E) who
9. We are currently working with five 13. Ethnologist and film-maker Safi Faye
assistant coordinators, ---- are capable of was the first African film director ---- wide
working asa team. international recognition.

A) whom A) to gain
B) some of which B) gained
C) that C) to be gained
D) both of whom D) which gained
E) all of whom E) who was gained

14. While we were singing and dancing

10. Nitric acid is irritating and corrosive to all happily, the electricity went off, ---- ruined
tissues ---- it comes into contact. the whole party and our enjoyment.

A) during which A) at which

B) far which B) when
C) with which C) why
D) in whose D) which
E) on which E) of which

15. An emoticon is a representation ofa facial

11. Looking fora job desperately, she applied expression ---- by typing a sequence of
to several companies and firms, ---- were characters in sending e-mail.
close to her flat.
A) creating
A) each of which B) that creates
B) most of which C) created
C) both of which D) to create
D) some of whom E) which created
E) one of which

16. Cockroach brains are said to contain

powerful antimicrobial compounds ---- can
12. Do you remember the hotel ---- the Browns kill dangerous viruses ---- damage human
threw their birthday party at last week? beings.

A) where A) which / where

B) in which B) which / that
C) which C) who / that
D) at which D) whom / that
E) whose E) where / which

148/01
 RELATIVE CLAUSES

1. - 16. sorularda, cümlede boş

bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük
ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

1. Polar bears are very strong swimmers 5. The article ---- the famous author is
and their large front paws, ---- they use to still being criticized by the critics and
paddle, are slightly webbed. columnists is full of controversial and
radical ideas.
A) where
B) when A) for which
C) which B) which
D) that C) when
E) whose D) ofwhom
E) of whose

2. The Loire Valley, ---- high quality wines 6. The Japanese car giant Toyota has
in every style are produced, is one said that the cars ---- engines could
of the major wine-growing regions in malfunction have not yet been recalled for
France. replacement.

A) which A) which
B) that B) whose
C) when C) that
D) where D) whom
E) whom E) when

3. There was no time to erect the hut ---- the 7. The hotel room ---- the dead body of the
eight members of the expedition were to businessperson was found in is still
spend the winter. being examined by the special agents and
detectives.
A) in which
B) that A) in which
C) whose B) where
D) from which C) whose
E) with whom D) whom
E) which

4. The USA basketball team won quite easily 8. The selection committee has interviewed
against the Turkish team, ---- was hardly ten applicants, ---- seems to be adequately
surprising to the authorities. qualified for the vacant position.

A) who A) both of whom

B) whom B) some of which
C) that C) none of whom
D) which D) all of whom
E) where E) most of whose
9. Economists ---- estimates are generally 13. We stayed at a guesthouse ---- we had a
better than those of the government are wonderful view of the small seaside town.
warning against another global crisis
coming soon. A) from where
B) with whom
A) who C) to which
B) that D) when
C) which E) that
D) for whom
E) whose

14. The European Union has recently banned

the trade of tuna fish, the population ----
10. A group of scientists in the United States has reached to an alarming level.
are trying to find out the reason ---- bees
are disappearing and leaving empty hives A) which
behind. B) where
C) of which
A) who D) in which
B) whose E) on which
C) why
D) when
E) which
C)
s:::
~
.!/2
:o:::,
a.
V)
"C
>. 15. Solar energy, ---- is becoming more and
more popular in many countries, is the
technology ---- to harness the Sun's energy
11. Exposure to violence and bad language on and make it useable.
TV has various harmful effects on children
---- parents should be aware. A) where / using
B) that / being used
A) where C) which / to use
B) of which D) which / used
C) why E) which / having used
D) at which
E) ofwhose

16. According to the national statistics

---- every year, the number of students
12. There are times ---- one needs to do the ---- abroad tor university education has
complete opposite of what is generally dramatically increased in the last five
expected in a given situation. years.

A) which A) which release / going

B) where B) releasing / went
C) whose C) be released / have gone
D) who D) released / going
E) when E) release / gone

149/02
 RELATIVE CLAUSES

1. - 16. sorularda, cümlede boş

bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük
ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

1. The reason ---- the team coach claimed 5. The Rosetta Stone was erected near
for their loss of the game at the press the statue of the king ---- honour it was
conference was not convincing at all. engraved.

A) that A) for which

B) when B) in whose
C) where C) on whom
D) why D) for whom
E) who E) whose

2. Throughout his life, he always worked

hard to become a man ---- people would 6. in all cultures, there are certain moral
have great admiration. principles and values ---- people base their
daily lives.
A) which
B) - A) which
C) whom B) that
D) for whom C) on which
E) for whose D) whom
E) whose

3. Global ocean heat content has increased

since the late 1950s, ---- is to say that
7. The number of refugees ---- the United
ocean currents bring more heat to the
Nations High Commission for Refugees
poles.
(UNHCR) is responsible was estimated at
11.4 million at the end of 2007.
A) which
B) whom
A) whose
C) that
B) in whose
D) what
C) on which
E) whose
D) at whom
E) for whom

4. The movie the story ---- takes place in a

small village in eastern Turkey is about
a Turkish man and an American woman 8. She is preparing a letter of complaint
falling in love with each other. about the bus company ---- bus she had
waited more than 3 hours.

A) ofwhich A) of which
B) which B) for whose
C) where C) to whom
D) in which D) which
E) when E) for which
9. A researcher at the University of 13. Crabs are crustaceans ---- have eight
Portsmouth has identified a new type of walking legs and have two claws in the
pterosaur, the largest of its kind ever----. front ---- they defend themselves and
obtain food.

A) discover A) that / with which

B) discovering B) which / that
C) to discover C) who / which
D) to have been discovered D) in which / for which
E) having discovered E) that / in which

10. Tanning is a natural process ---- the skin 14. We saw that apples ---- from trees by
creates the brown-coloured pigment, workers were speedily crushed in a
melanin, ---- protects it against the harmful machine ---- unattended almost non-stop.
UV-rays in sunlight.
A) collecting / operating
A) -/ which B) collecting / to operate
B) which / that C) to collect / operated
C) in which / which D) collected / operating
D) where / for which E) to collect / to operate
E) whose / that

15. Tusks from elephants ---- live on Africa's

11. Recycling was greatly encouraged savannas are whiter than those of Africa's
during World War il through the massive forest elephants, ---- ivory is straighter,
promotion campaigns ---- in every country harder and more translucent with a pinkish
hue.

A) carried out / involving A) which / which

B) were carried out / involved B) that / whose
C) carried out / involved C) that / whom
D) carrying out / that involved D) where / of which
E) that carried out / were involved E) which / for which

12. The class ----1 am the counselling 16. People ---- to lose weight in a very short
teacher is made up of pupils from diverse period of time sometimes take some
nationalities, ---- speak only their mother so-called slimming pills ---- can kill them
tongue. easily.

A) which / who A) who desire / by which

B) where / all of which B) desired / which
C) that / one of whom C) that desire / -
D) of which / some of whom D) desire / that
E) where / with whom E) desiring / which

150/03
 RELATIVE CLAUSES

1. - 16. sorularda, cümlede boş

bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük
ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

1. When the bus ---- we had been waiting for 5. The primary suspect of the case refused
finally came, we were disappointed to find to answer any of the questions, ---- forced
that there were no seats free. the solicitor to use a different way to make
him talk.
A) where
B) for which A) why
C) who B) which
D) when C) who
E) - D) whom
E) that

2. Plankton is an important ingredient for the

whole of the marine food chain ---- many 6. Frank Lloyd was one of the mysterious
mammals depend, from small fish to giant authors ---- books the characters were
whales. depicted as deceitful ones.

A) which A) in whose
B) where B) for which
C) on which C) by which
D) that D) one of whose
E) whose E) some of whose

3. To our surprise, the mass murderer turned

out to be our baker, Mr Parkinson, ---- full 7. Frida's best friend, ---- she is always being
confession got published in our local compared, has won the first prize in the
paper. talent show.

A) where A) who
B) which B) ----
C) to whom C) that
D) that D) to whom
E) whose E) by whose

4. The famous novel, Roses, the author ---- is 8. According to the Guinness Book of World
a Nobel Prize winner, has been translated Records, the largest hamburger ever----
into over 30 languages so far. weighed 5,520 pounds.

A) whose A) producing
B) ofwhom B) was produced
C) ofwhose C) is produced
D) which D) produced
E) of which E) been produced
9. Brian chose to talk to his daughter in 13. Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, ---- pioneered
private as he strongly disapproved of the many techniques in the suspense and
manner ---- she talked to her aunt ---- has psychological thriller genres, directed
been staying with them for a month. more than fifty feature films in a career
---- spanned six decades.
A) that / that
B) by which / who A) who /who
C) on which / whom B) who / that
D) which / that C) which / which
E) in which / who D) whom / which
E) who / where

10. ScienceWatch is a newsletter ---- the

trends and performance in basic
research ---- by the lnstitute for Scientific 14. The largest penguin ever---- by scientists
lnformation. was similar in size to a man.

A) to track / publishing A) discovering

B) tracking / published B) to discover
C) tracked / published C) to be discovering
D) tracked / to publish D) have been discovered
E) tracking / to publish E) to have been discovered

11. lf it weren't for the people ---- care about 15. Naturalization is the process ---- U.S.
the future of our planet, we would long citizenship is granted to foreigners if they
have gone beyond the point ---- the meet the requirements established by the
damage to the ecosystem can still be Congress.
repaired.
A) by which
A) whose / at which B) of which
B) who / after which C) which
C) that / where D) whose
D) whom / when E) for whom
E) who / in which

12. Penicillin, ---- invented by Alexander 16. Natural resources, ---- are essential
Fleming in 1928, is one of those for our survival, occur naturally within
medications ---- used frequently even environments ---- remain relatively
today. undisturbed by mankind.

A) -/- A) much of which / which

B) which / - B) most of those / -
C) - / which C) many of which / that
D) which was / that D) some of which / where
E) who / which is E) each of which / that

151/04

1. -12. sorularda, cümleyi uygun
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
1. Li Po is regarded as one of the greatest
poets in China's Tang period, ----.
A) who was part of the group of Chinese
scholars
B) which is often considered to be the golden
age of poetry
C) where has been widely memorized by
school children
D) the first translations of which in a Western
language were published in 1862
E) but some believe that their birthplace is
Tokmak , Kyrgyzstan
2. Scientists have been carrying out detailed
analyses in the coal mine ----.
A) where intact human fossils were found a
month ago
B) while miners and their families were
waiting impatiently outside
C) it was abandoned a century ago when
coal reserves were depleted
D) who believe that there is an imminent
danger of an explosion
E) whose main aim is to determine the level
of underground water down there
3. ----, which were mainly dependent on the
cultivation of grain at the time.
A) Writing is the means to represent
languages by means of writing systems
B) Written languages change more slowly
than corresponding spoken languages
C) Writing is the representation of language
through the use ofa set of signs or
symbols
D) Writing became a more dependable
method of recording and presenting
information
E) Written language was apparently the
product of agricultural societies
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Sentence Completion
4. in Europe, 45 percent of the most common
bird species are rapidly declining, ----.
A) just in September, zoologists discovered a
new species of monkey
B) which shows that many animals are in
danger of extinction
C) that we have seen recently in the huge
increase in jellyfish populations
D) the main causes of them are the 1982 El
Nino and overfishing
E) but naturalists who lived in Mendel 's time
could not comprehend its reasons
5. ----, many of whose members are middle-
aged politicians.
A) My sister has been the first woman to
enter the city club
B) The bridge club is considering whether to
publish its historical logbook for the people
C) While not many people know much about
parliamentary procedures
D) The older a social club is, the stranger its
customs will be
E) The photo safari was joined by carefully
selected young photographers
6. ---- seem to be more likely to become ill
than healthy adults.
A) Children forced to get vitamin supplements
regularly and are not easily susceptible
B) People whose immune systems are not
functioning properly
C) Consuming foods fresh is a must to
maintain our health
D) The teenager who talked to the
headmaster about his absence
E) Most illnesses to which people are
vulnerable during wintertime
7. Some diseases caused by mosquitoes
such as malaria are among those ----.
A) who recognize global warming as one
of the most serious reasons tor some
diseases
B) raising the greatest concern as the world
gets warm
C) whose effective strategy to combat them
has brought the matter to an end
D) which is blamed tor most of the warming
during the 21 st century
E) that is alsa released by factories where
toxic chemicals are used
8. ---- over which they would have no control.
A) Even after the lraqi government seized
power
B) The company intends to provide financial
support tor some students
C) The commanders refused to camp near
the villages in the area
D) The people in the area were eventually
torced to yield to the soldiers
E) No matter how hard the managers tried to
convince the workers
9. There is no disagreement among either the
senior students or the junior ones, ----.
A) after they both decided to write a petition
to display their reaction
B) as soon as they both expressed their
opinions freely
C) which was reached after several meetings
among their leaders
D) all of whom have decided to boycott the
end-of-term party
E) the outcome of such mutual decisions are
hard to predict, however
152/05
10. An engineer says they are working on the
faulty engine, ----.
A) in whose opinion the problem would have
been solved soon
B) some parts of which have already been
replaced
C) the reason why it doesn't work properly
D) and got broken right in the middle of an
operation
E) who argues that the fault lies with a tiny
steel pin
11. Balzac's masterpiece was a sequence
of short stories and novels collectively
entitled La Comedie Humaine, ----.
A) that was written betore 1835 to trace
the development of Balzac's narrative
technique
B) presented a panorama of French life in the
years after the fail of Napoleon 1
C) regarded as one of the tounders of realism
in European literature
D) which reflects his real-life difficulties, and
includes scenes from his own experience
E) having shown how ideas about spiritual
seeking and inner vision permeate
Balzac's novels
12. Cosmic rays are not "rays" but high-
energy subatomic particles from space ----.
A) which are not totally different from rays in
every aspect that one can consider
B) that continuously bombard the earth's
atmosphere
C) they pose some risks tor frequent airway
passengers
D) because nothing much is known about
their origin
E) that could have been an answer to energy
problems if they could be harnessed

1. -12. sorularda, cümleyi uygun
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
1. Each of the grammar topics that appear in
the language syllabus ----.
A) must be covered at the entrance exam
B) that we have carefully planned and put
into application
C) are clearly to the advantage of individual
learners
D) have been designed to meet all the
requirements
E) which is believed to be ready for
publication now
2. ---- are forced by their families into
working too young and far too much.
A) The world countries sometimes get behind
to meet the needs
B) it is not rare to see children selling
something in the streets
C) When it comes to controversial issues
such as child labour
D) The child who has been recently found by
the police
E) Many children who have no education
opportunity
3. ---- that cuts it off when there is a power
surge to prevent damage to any devices.
A) The electricity in every household goes
through a fuse box
B) it is best to unplug all the electrical
appliances at home during a thunderstorm
C) We are really fed up with all the recent
power failures
D) lf there is gas leakage, the system shuts
off automatically
E) She unplugged the fridge as the electricity
kept going on and off very frequently
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Sentence Completion
4. Many factors which humans have fuelled
consciously or not ----.
A) to minimize those additions with negative
impact on our life support systems
B) have given great damage to earth's
natural resources so far
C) that means the world has been heading
for such an irreversible point
D) is education , job opportunities and health
service in some parts of the world
E) because it is the rich nations who
consume the most of our resources
5. There was no mention of his contribution
to the project, ----.
A) for it was him who they owed the project in
the first place
B) working with the team ever since it started
backthen
C) which was the reason why he left the
meeting before it ended
D) for absolutely nothing that was worth
mentioning
E) who felt disappointed when he learned
how little they appreciated his work
6. ----, methane cycles out of the atmosphere
in just eight years.
A) As vegetarian foods are readily available ,
emissions are achievable
B) Unlike carbon dioxide, which can remain
in the air for at least a century
C) Since the same factory is responsible for
these methane emissions
D) Despite the use of carbon dioxide in
firefighting applications for years
E) When environmentalists feel helpless to
do anything about increasing warming
7. ---- where traffic congestion and pollution
problems are the worst.
A) The new law implemented for drunk
drivers in cities
B) The library must serve as the principal
facility at university
C) ünce students have the option of using
their computers at school
D) Cycling provides basic mobility for city
dwellers to go to their work
E) The greatest benefits of increased cycling
are observed in urban areas
8. The suggestion has brought us to the
point for which ----.
11. ---- which provided shelter for citizens
A) the public has been vulnerable due to
some handicaps
B) a great many people have found it
inaccessible
C) whether it takes place at home or in a
facility
D) every one of us should feel responsible in
one way or another
E) some fatalities owing to lack of facilities
had been reported annually
9. The programme design tools may be used
for planning and implementing projects
12. 1 clearly remember the camp on the hillside
A) who demanded greater transparency and
accountability from governments
B) that intends to assist the qualified
professor a lot
C) where it was hard to understand the
violence problem in some societies
D) whose outcomes are expected to meet
intended goals
E) a system for monitoring its impact on the
health system
153/06
10. -----, new buildings helped make
Copenhagen a broad palette of major
architectural styles.
A) Having served as the capital city of
various kingdoms throughout its history
B) The city, with its modern face , is a genuine
tourist attraction
C) Added to the surviving Renaissance and
Gothic architecture of the city
D) Designing modern structures that feature
traces of the long past
E) Enlarging narrow streets without harming
the ancient structure was an impossibility
during heavy bombardment.
A) in times of military conflict, military
authorities rarely turneci to civil engineers
B) it was both cellars of old buildings and the
subway
C) At a time when people gathered at the
city's famous stadium
D) it was never easy to predict the time for
the next air raid
E) The town had long been deserted except
for the old and ailing
A) and we descended to the riverbank to
catch some fish
B) when we decided to put up our tents for
the evening
C) from which one can see a fertile valley in
one direction
D) one of which was a proper place to build
the fire
E) the height of whom is almost two metres
 RELATIVE CLAUSES
Cloze Test

1. - 20. sorularda, parçalarda

numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen
sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

As Rome receded, new cultural forces swept
across Europe. These forces included the
migration and settlement of various Germanic
peoples , the so-called barbarians , (1 )----
interacted with one another, with the remains
of Roman culture and with the Celts. These
Germanic tribes adapted to the Romanized
cultures (2)---- they found. This happened
principally through their conversion to Christianity,
(3)---- had spread throughout the Roman Empire.
in fact, Christianity was the primary force (4)----
the Roman heritage. The influence of Christianity
is evident in stories of the age, (5)---- saintly
bishops , monks and nuns as well as great warriors
as their heroes.
1.
A) who
B) - A)
C) that
D) whom
E) whose
The UNICEF has recently issued a report based
on a research (6)---- out to understand the
teenage years better and provide the support
(7)----American teens need . The report concludes
that teenagers (8)---- parents are engaged and
involved in their lives are more likely to excel in
school and avoid risky behaviours . On the other
hand, the report also makes clear that most
American teens stili continue to be confronted
with many challenges . For example, most college
related opportunities remain more elusive for
Hispanic youngsters and those from low-income
families . Besides, the number of teens (9)----
smoke and eat poorly is increasing; and, in states
(10)---- teens have greater access to guns, teen
suicide and homicide rates are on the rise .
6.
to carry
B) carries
C) that carried
D) carrying
E) carried

2.
A) in whom 7.
B) for which A) -
C) in whose B) by which
D) that C) whom
E) whose D) from whom
E) with which

3.
8.
A) which
A) whom
B) whom
B) of which
C) that
C) whose
D) where
D) ofwhom
E) whose E) for whose

4. 9.
A) to have preserved A) whom
B) preserved B) which
C) being preserved C) whose
D) preserving D) who
E) to be preserved E) for whom

5. 10.
A) featured A) which
B) featuring B) where
C) features C) why
D) to feature D) when
E) to be featured E) among whose
People of widely different cultures have A nuclear weapon is an explosive device (16)----
long regarded comets with fear and dread. destructive force is derived from nuclear reactions,
These celestial visitors , (11)---- unpredictable either fission or a combination of fission and
appearances were striking, were believed to be fusion , (17)---- release vast quantities of energy
omens of disaster for rulers , realms and entire from relatively small amounts of matter. A modern
populations. it was thought that comets signalled thermonuclear weapon (18)---- a little more than
or caused wars , revolutions, plagues and other a thousand kilograms can produce an explosion
calamities. Halley's Comet made an appearance (19)---- can be compared to the detonation of
in 1066, (12)---- just happened to be the year more than a billion kilograms of conventional high
(13)---- William the Conqueror crossed the English explosive. Thus, nuclear weapons, (20)---- a major
Channel from Normandy and won the British focus of international relations policy since their
crown by defeating King Harold il. The episode is debut, can devastate an entire city by blast, fire
vividly illustrated in the medieval Bayeux Tapestry, and radiation .
a carpet with a picture (14)---- the story of the
Narman Conquest. in one scene , some frightened
courtiers gaze at the comet and then teli Harold of 16.
the evil omen (15)----, in his case, indeed proved A) to which
fatal. B) that
C) whose
D) where
11. E) -
A) whom
B) whose
C) that
D) where
E) which
17.
A) from which
B) both of which
C) neither of which
12.
D) by which
A) which E) whose
B) at which
C) when
D) in which
E) whose

18.
A) weighs
B) weighed
13.
C) to weigh
A) where
D) to be weighed
B) whose
E) weighing
C) when
D) which
E) of which

19.
14. A) that
A) to be told B) whose
B) told C) in which
C) which is told D) -
D) telling E) from which
E) telis

15. 20.
A) where A) considering
B) which B) to consider
C) whom C) consider
D) when D) that consider
E) whose E) considered

154/07

1. - 1O. sorularda, verilen cümleye
anlamca en yakın cümleyi bulunuz.
1. The Aral Sea basin, where fishing used to
be the main occupation, is today a site of
an environmental disaster.
A) People no longer do fishing at the Aral
Sea as they fear that this might cause an
environmental disaster.
B) The Aral Sea basin, displaying the
consequences of an environmental
disaster, is today no longer mainly a
fishing site.
C) People around the Aral Sea used to do
fishing to earn their living until this activity
caused a natural disaster in the basin.
D) The fishing industry around the Aral Sea
basin was no longer there because of an
environmental disaster.
E) Today, an environmental disaster in the
basin prevents people living around the
Aral Sea from catching fish.
2. it was Mark Twain who humorously argued
that statistics was one form of lie.
A) According to Mark Twain, there is no
difference at all between statistics and
lies.
B) Mark Twain, a humorist, classified
statistics as a form of lie.
C) The idea that statistics is a form of lie
belongs to Mark Twain, a humorist.
D) According to Mark Twain's humorous
remark, statistics is one form of lie.
E) Mark Twain was not serious at all when he
compared statistics with a lie.
3. Africans lived side by side with their
natural riches, some of which were
exploited by the colonialists.
A) Africans lived very close to their natural
riches, some of which the colonial powers
used fully and effectively.
B) Some of the natural riches that colonial
powers made use of actually belonged to
Africans.
C) Colonial powers did not hesitate to make
use of natural riches that Africans had
lived side by side with.
D) Even though Africans lived next to their
own natural riches, this did not stop
colonialists from exploiting them .
E) Some of the natura! riches that Africans
possessed were taken advantage of by
colonial powers.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Paraphrasing
4. Even the scientists who have been
conducting research on global warming
for years are surprised to see how rapidly
the glaciers are melting.
A) The scientists who have been researching
the impacts of global warming for years
predict that glaciers will soon melt at an
alarming rate.
B) Even the rate at which glaciers are melting
is hardly a surprise for the scientists as
they have been conducting research on
global warming for years .
C) According to the scientists, the impacts of
global warming can be best seen in the
rapid melting of the glaciers.
D) The glaciers are melting so fast that it
came as a surprise even to the scientists
who have been studying the global
warming for years.
E) The scientists who have been researching
the impacts of global warming for years
are astonished to see that glaciers
are melting not as rapidly as they had
predicted.
C)
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V)
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5. Three rems of radioactivity is the limit that
the standards allow a worker in a three-
month period.
A) When a worker receives three rems of
radioactivity in three months, this is a
violation of the standard limit.
B) in a period of three months, each worker
is expected to be exposed to three rems of
radioactivity, which is the limit.
C) According to the standards, a worker
can receive maximum three rems of
radioactivity in three months.
D) According to the standard limit, three rems
of radioactivity in a period of three months
can be enough for workers.
E) Workers become exposed to three rems
of radioactivity in three months and remain
within the standard limit.
6. The Earth is a much more dynamic place
than it seems, which is also the main
driving force behind all life on it.
A) Without the dynamism of our planet, of
which we are hardly aware , life would
most probably not exist on it.
B) Whatever we like to believe, the main
reason for the immense diversity of life on
our planet is solely the fact that it is stili
very dynamic.
C) Although we know about the dynamic
forces prevalent on our planet, we are not
totally aware of their extent and what role
they play on life.
D) it seems to us that life on Earth owes its
existence to merely the fact that it is stili a
dynamic planet.
E) Life on our planet will only continue if its
dynamic structure continues the way it is;
otherwise , it doesn 't seem to be possible.
7. The blind are allowed to get on buses with
their guide dogs, without which they are
helpless in streets.
A) When blind people get on a bus , they
need to have their guide dogs with them .
B) The blind need their guide dogs both in
streets and on buses.
C) Because blind people need their guide
dogs in streets, it is possible to see these
dogs on buses as well.
D) Guide dogs are great help for blind
people , who are allowed to get on buses
with them .
E) it is free for blind people to get on buses
with their guide dogs as they cannot do
without them in streets.
8. Thanks to advanced technology, only
one person is needed to do the job that
was done by at least two or more people
before.
A) Technology has developed so much that
less human power is required for the job
which used to be done by more than one
person before.
B) Jobs that used to be done manually by
many people can now be performed
by machines as a result of advanced
technology.
C) Technology is developing so rapidly that
soon we will hopefully need fewer people
in industry.
D) Due to modern technology, the number of
people needed to do a job has increased.
E) Because of advanced technology, a job
can be performed by fewer people than it
was before and thus more people are in
danger of losing their jobs.
155/08
9. 1have been working at this company tor
ten years, the first three of which I spent in
one of its country branches.
A) Having spent three years in a country
branch , 1 worked for ten years at this
company.
B) 1have worked for seven more years at this
company since I spent three years in one
of its country branches.
C) After the three years I spent in a country
branch , 1 have worked for ten years at this
company.
D) Before I started working at this company
seven years ago, 1had spent three years
in the country.
E) Before the seven years I spent at this
company, 1 had worked for three years in
one of its country branches.
1O. it is possible to generate renewable energy
from natural resources such as wind,
sunlight and geothermal heat, which have
the potential to supply 50% of people's all
energy needs.
A) Even if natural resources like wind
and geothermal heat were not used to
generate renewable energy, sunlight alone
could supply 50% of people's all energy
needs.
B) Natura! resources such as wind , sunlight
and geothermal heat provide about 50% of
the world's all energy needs at present.
C) The Sun along with some other renewable
resources like wind and geothermal heat
should be used to supply at least half of all
our energy needs.
D) Half of all our energy needs can be
generated from renewable natura! energy
resources such as wind, sunlight and
geothermal heat.
E) 50% of all our energy needs comes from
renewable energy resources such as
wind , geothermal heat and the Sun .
 RELATIVE CLAUSES

NAME: .............................. . SURNAME: .............................. . TOTAL: ....................... .

1. -10. sorularda, cümlede boş

bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük
ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. (10x6=60 puan)

1. The only part of our solar system ---- in the 20 th century, ships (6)---- water as ballast
fusion takes place is the centre of the Sun. helped unite the tormerly diverse flora and fauna
of the world's harbours and estuaries. Similarly,
A) which air transport allows the spread of insects and
B) from which diseases (7)---- would not easily survive longer,
C) whose slower trips, and today, modern transport carries
D) where on in the tradition of Columbus by promoting a
E) of which homogenization of the world's plants and animals .
To date, however, the historical importance of
modern exchanges is nothing beside that (8)----
2. The noise in the conference hall was the took place in the time of Columbus. (9)---- that he
main reason ---- the guest speaker refused was doing the right thing, Columbus brought many
to get on the stage to deliver his speech. new species to Americas, (10)---- proved harmful
tor local animals and plants.
A) whom
B) which
C) where 6.
D) tor which A) that use
E) at which B) using
C) that were used
D) to be used
3. At the meeting yesterday, the finance E) used
department put forward two proposals, ----
seemed to be feasible.
C) 7.
C
A) neither of which ~
A) that
B) both of whom .!/2 B) whom
C) some of which :o
:::ı
C) whose
D) all of which a. D) what
en
E) nane of which "C
>, E) when

4. Parthenon, ---- was the most important 8.

building in ancient Greece, was the first A) which
thing ---- Sheila went to see in Athens. B) whom
C) whose
A) that / that D) when
B) ---- / that E) with whom
C) where / tor which
D) when / where
E) which / ---- 9.
A) Convincing
B) Having convinced
5. According to the national statistics C) To be convincing
---- every year, the number of students D) Convinced
---- abroad tor university education has E) To convince
dramatically increased in the last five
years.
10.
A) which release / going A) either of which
B) releasing / went B) few of them
C) released / going C) most of which
D) be released / have gone D) many of them
E) release / gone E) some of whose
 14. 1 strongly recommend this health report to
11. -14. sorularda, cümleyi uygun
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
(4x7=28 puan)
11. ----, which produce electricity from the
chemical energy of hydrogen.
A) Many problems must be solved prior to
FCVs' mass-marketing
B) The only by-product ofa hydrogen fuel celi
is water
C) The driving range is shown in miles and
represents the distance covered
D) FCVs are propelled by electric motors
powered by fuel cells
E) Annual fuel cost estimates are based on
an average fuel price of $1.45
15. -16. sorularda, verilen cümleye
anlamca en yakın cümleyi bulunuz.
15. The conference lasted for longer than
12. ----, two-thirds of which is used for
transportation.
A) Burning fossil fuels adds carbon dioxide to
the Earth's atmosphere
B) Petroleum imports cost us about $4.4
billion a week
C) Your vehicle consumes a little petrol, so it
is environmentally friendly
D) Vehicles with fuel economy bum less fuel ,
creating less co2
E) The United States uses about 20 million
barrels of oil per day
16. Although the government taxes its citizens
13. in medieval times, barbers also functioned
as doctors and dentists ----.
A) because the place where a barber works
is called a barbershop, or simply the
barber's
B) both of which remain traditional among
villagers
C) however, most are simple tradesmen,
owning small stores there
D) who has played an important role in public
health
E) performing surgeries and tooth extractions
156/09
those ----.
A) who holds power in countries , both rich
and poor
B) interested in transforming health systems
to save lives
C) the fact that many cannot attain the proper
life standard
D) which focuses on health systems and their
unique role in reducing poverty
E) that must have been addressed from
outside the health sector
(2x6=12 puan)
the organizers expected because some
participants cut in continually.
A) The reason why the conference took
longer time than planned by the organizers
was the infrequent interruptions.
B) it was owing to so many interruptions of
the participants that the conference went
on for far longer than had been expected.
C) The constant interruptions made by the
participants prevented the conference
from ending on time as planned by the
organizers.
D) in spite of everlasting interruptions, the
conference actually went on no longer
than planned for it.
E) The planned duration was not long
enough for the conference. That's why;
it lasted longer than the organizers
expected .
according to the amount of money they
earn, each state applies its own rules.
A) Every one of the states practises its own
rules despite the government's tax policy
of collecting taxes based on the citizens'
income.
B) The government wants to apply a tax
system which is valid in all states , but
most states don't agree with this .
C) The government aims to get equal taxes
from its citizens ; some states don 't obey
this, though .
D) in spite of each state having different
rules, the government gets taxes from
every citizen who earns money.
E) The government makes all the states
collect taxes from the citizens according to
their income.