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Construction Cost Guide Book India-2021: Project & Development Services, India
Construction Cost Guide Book India-2021: Project & Development Services, India
M V Harish
Managing Director, Project & Development Services, JLL India
Construction Cost Guide book India-2021 | 2
Executive Summary
This is Construction Cost Guide Book, developed through collation and analysis of data by Cost
Management vertical of JLL’s Project & Development Services business. This guide is a powerful
tool designed to help you understand the market trends, construction cost of real estate assets
across major markets of India. To provide context for your real estate decisions, this guide
includes a cost matrix representing different style and quality levels, an analysis of market
trends of the major building materials. The data is real time, updated out of 200+ project
budgets, across 7 major geographies and covering 7 key asset classes.
It is important to note that this guide is intended as a benchmarking tool, not a cost estimating
tool, and is based on the average cost of various similar buildings across asset classes.
This method is widely known and Detailed design and construction are A Management Contractor is appointed This is a hybrid approach to
understood in India as a method both undertaken by a single contractor on the basis of an agreed fee, with the Management Contracting, where
for procuring construction works. in return for a lump sum price. This intention that they will manage a number the contractor is also responsible
It requires a substantially complete method has many hybrids but in of trade packages which are tendered for the detailed design or
design prior to obtaining tenders, which essence it utilizes the Contractors input on an individual basis. The Management managing the design process.
are usually based on bills of quantities into the design process. Using a clear Contractor then enters into Contract
or detailed specifications and drawings set of “Employer’s Requirements”, with the successful trade contractors
to give a complete picture of the the Contractor can understand and providing a single point responsibility to Engineer, Procure
project scope. When tendering, you can develop the design far better than the the Client. Design consultants appointed and Construct (EPC)
either agree to enter into a Lump Sum traditional approach identified above by the Client generally overlaps with
In this model, the contractor is
contract to give price and programme and as a consequence he is able to price the construction allowing an earlier
obliged to deliver a complete
certainty, or a re-measurable contract, it for taking the design responsibility, start on site. Early appointment of a
facility to client who need only
where the final price is agreed at the together with its associated risks. Where management contractor may allow them
turn a key to start operating the
end of the works, based on the rates a concept design is prepared by a design to help improve the buildability and
facility, hence EPC contracts
set out in the Bill of Quantities and team employed directly by the client packaging of proposals as they develop.
are sometimes called turnkey
the actual amount of materials. This before the contractor is appointed (as This approach does not typically achieve
construction contracts. In addition
traditional approach is known for is normally the case), the design can price and programme certainty before
to delivering a complete facility,
achieving a high level of competitive be ‘novated’ to the contractor. This starting onsite and is therefore typically
the contractor must deliver that
tendering and giving good control over approach integrates the design and best suited to larger, more complex
facility for a guaranteed price by
quality, but overall project programmes construction process, provides for a or time sensitive projects which may
a guaranteed date and it must
can be longer as a fully complete single point responsibility and can lead also require considerable flexibility to
perform to the specified level.
design is required from the Client’s to shorter overall project times as design incorporate change during the design
independent design consultants. overlaps with elements of construction. and construction stages.
Construction Cost Guide book India-2021 | 6
Quality
8100
Price range for various Offices Space (INR/SQFT)
5800 6300 5500
4200 4800 4100
3000 3500
2650 2650 3300 3000
2100 Professional Financial
BPO Services Media IT/ITES Technology Services Invest
Source: JLL internal cost benchmarking data. All prices are averaged from various pan India projects and updated as on December, 2020. Above rates are exclusive of GST.
2,400 - 3,200 2,200 - 2,600 2,600 - 3,100 7,400 - 8,200 3,800 - 5,100 2,600 - 3,750
Basic Cost
32.00 - 43.00 29.00 - 35.00 35.00 - 41.00 99.00 - 110.00 51.00 - 68.00 35.00 - 50.00
Commercial (Greenfield) Residential (Greenfield) Industrial (Greenfield) Campus (Occupier) High End Fit-out (Occupier) Low End Fit-out (Occupier)
Note: The above given figures are for Saleable/leasable area and are exclusive of taxes. Construction Cost Guide book India-2021 | 12
Construction Price and COVID-19 Impact
108%
106%
106% 105% 105%
104%
104% 103%
102%
102%
100% 103%
102% 102% 102%
100%
2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020 Q4-F 2021 Q1 2021 Q2
Existing Projects INR/Sqft New Projects INR/Sqft
Note: The above given figures are for Saleable/leasable area and are exclusive of taxes.
Note:
• Material and transportation cost have spiked due to material demand, its non-
availability and transportation challenges; once the supply chain reinstates, the
prices shall return to normal.
• Additional costs are incurred to follow COVID-19 HSE protocols at work and
labour camps.
• Contractors are reducing the profit margin, plant and machinery cost due to
prolonged idleness and competition in the market.
• However, the overall delta would be 2-3% for new projects and 5-6% for existing
projects as material and transportation caters to 50-60% of the total cost.
• With right procurement strategy, the client could take the benefit of idleness and
market competition to avail few percentages in discount from the existing prices.
Construction Cost Guide book India-2021 | 13
Construction Cost Increase due to COVID-19 - Factors
Quarantine Facility: With safety being the prime concern and government issued
guidelines, mandatory quarantine became another cost driver for the ongoing projects.
Health & Safety at Site: Additional safety precautions like sanitization, social distancing not
only at site and site offices but also at labour camps leads to spiking the construction costs.
Vendor Availability: Although stationed at one location, many vendors have pan India
presence. With travel restrictions, non-availability of materials and labours, many works
were delayed/stopped at site leading to cost/time overrun.
111
109
108
108
107
107
107
106
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
103
103
103
102
102
100
99
98
98
Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020 Q4 2020 Source: JLL internal cost benchmarking data Construction Cost Guide book India-2021 | 16
Inflation in WPI & CPI % Average Historic Conversion Rate (USD to INR)
CPI remains steady in last three years. Most food prices eased while vegetable price rose marginally. 2020
2019
WPI inflation moves up. Price rise in cement, pharma, fuel and basic metals pushes up the inflation. 2018
2017
9.4 2016
2015
2014
5.9 6.6
5.2 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.8 -0.1
74.12
3 3.6 3.7
1.2 1.7 1.7
67.1765.1
70.39
64.
61
68.4
12
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
(Provisional)
-3.7
WPI CPI Source: Office of the Economic Adviser, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade Source: XE Currency Charts.
High Specification
The Cost/sqft represent the average of the competitive tender prices as on Q4 2020.
Further assumptions include: Emphasises top-quality finishes and space improvements.
Increased efforts spent on aesthetics and detail design.
• The cost/sqft is based on construction floor areas measured to the outside face Medium Specification
of the external walls / external perimeter including lift shafts, stair wells, water Features upgraded lighting, cabling and design. Uses
tanks, plant rooms and like; average quality materials and details.
• Exclusive of Demolition of existing buildings, tenant fit-out, FF&E (furniture,
Basic Specification
fitting and equipment unless otherwise specified), Cost escalation,
professional fees, land, finance, Approvals etc where applicable. Designed to be low cost, with a simple aesthetic. Finishes
focus on function. Space contains basic technology.
• The warm shell cost for commercial, retail, hospitality inclusive of common
area finishes.
• The impact of COVID-19 is not accounted.
• All cost are deemed to include contractor overhead, margins, direct/indirect
expenses, labour insurances, site overheads etc.
• Exclusive of taxes, consultant fees, preopening cost, land acquisition, project
specific site conditions and site abnormal.
• The Construction costs serve only as a guide for preliminary cost appraisals
and budgets; all buildings are assumed without basements (unless otherwise
stated) & are built on ground with normal soil conditions.
USD: United States Dollar BUA: Built-up area Cuft: Cubic feet MRICS: Member of the Royal Mtr: Linear metre
Institution of Chartered Surveyors
Abbrevations INR: Indian National Rupee CA: Carpet area Sqmm: Square millimetre MT: Metric tonne
MEP: Mechanical, Electrical and
GST: Goods and Services Tax Sqft: Square foot Ltr: Litre
Plumbing.
Global workforce Shaping Human The A-Z of Future (re) entry: A guide for Shaping the Asia Pacific Occupancy (re)Imagine Flex
expectations are Experience Workplace Design Workplace Design Future of Work Fit-Out Cost Guide Benchmarking Guide Spaces: A 360°
shifting Considerations 2020/2021 view
Residential and Office Capital Markets and Data Center Industrial 2021 Outlook
Residential Market Office Market Capital Markets The rise of new India Manufacturing India Industrial Great places of 2021 India Real
Update Q4 2020 Update Q4 2020 Updates Q4 data centre Reimagined: Now & Corridors: Enhancing manufacturing in Estate Outlook-A
2020 growth markets Beyond Manufacturing India new growth cycle
Infrastructure
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This report has been prepared solely for information purposes and does not necessarily purport to be a complete analysis of the topics discussed, which are inherently unpredictable. It has
been based on sources we believe to be reliable, but we have not independently verified those sources and we do not guarantee that the information in the report is accurate or complete.
Any views expressed in the report reflect our judgment at this date and are subject to change without notice. Statements that are forward looking involve known and unknown risks and
uncertainties that may cause future realities to be materially different from those implied by such forward-looking statements. Advice we give to clients in particular situations may differ from
the views expressed in this report. No investment or other business decisions should be made based solely on the views expressed in this report