Instructional Module: Republic of The Philippines Nueva Vizcaya State University Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya

Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-COL. ALGEBRA-1STSEM-2020-2021
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Bayombong Campus
DEGREE PROGRAM BSED COURSE NO. SEC

SPECIALIZATION Mathematics COURSE TITLE College and Advanced Algebra
YEAR LEVEL 1 TIME FRAME 6 WK NO. 1-2 IM NO. 01
I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE:

Chapter 3 – Quadratic Functions
II. LESSON TITLE:

Quadratic Functions Defined
Deriving f(x) = a(x-h)2 + k from the Quadratic Function f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
The Graph of Quadratic Function
Graphing Quadratic Function
Forms of the Quadratic Function
Zeros of a Quadratic Function
The Quadratic Function Derived from Zeros of the Function
III. LESSON OVERVIEW:

Linear functions alone are not enough to solve some of the problems in the real world. Science
and technology present situations that revolve around nonlinear relationships which can be approached
only by means of quadratic functions.
Like the linear function, the quadratic function is formed using the basic rules of arithmetic. The
graph of a quadratic function is a curved line called parabola, which has properties that make it useful
for representing satellite dishes, car headlights or radio telescopes.
Although the parabola is one of the conic sections, Galileo Galilei found out that the quadratic
function can be used to describe the motion of a falling body. How, the quadratic function can be
applied to solve such problems as the motion of a projectile, the path of a baseball, the description of
cables of suspension bridges and parabolic arches, as well as the maximization of revenues.
IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

a. Define quadratic function;
b. Derive f(x) = a(x-h)2 + k from the quadratic function f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
c. Demonstrate understanding on the properties of the graph of a quadratic function
d. Graph quadratic function
e. Familiarize themselves on the forms of quadratic function
f. Calculate the zeros of a quadratic function
g. Establish quadratic function derived from zeros of the function
V. LESSON CONTENT:
A. The Quadratic Function

1. Quadratic Function Defined
A quadratic function is a function defined by f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b and c are real
numbers and a ≠ 0.
The domain of the quadratic function is the set of all real numbers. The first term ax 2 in the
quadratic function is the quadratic term, the second term bx is the linear term and the last term c is
the constant term.
From the given pairs of values, one can determine whether the function represented is linear or
quadratic.
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Illustrative Examples
a. Study the function f(x) = 2x + 1.
1 1 1 1 1
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f(x) -3 -1 1 3 5 7
2 2 2 2 2
The table of values for the linear function f(x) = 2x + 1 shows that equal differences in x
produce equal differences in f(x).
b. Now, study function g(x) = 2x2 + 1.
1 1 1 1 1
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
g(x) 9 3 1 3 9 19
-6 -2 2 6 10
4 4 4 4
Observe that the x values in the table above are consecutive integers from -2 to 3. This
time, the first differences in g(x) are not equal, but the second differences are. That is, the
second differences in g(x) = is 4.
The table of values for the quadratic function g(x) = 2x2 + 1 shows that equal differences
in x produce equal second differences in g(x).
B. Deriving f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k From The Quadratic Function f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
Study how the form f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k is derived from the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, and vice
versa.
1. f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
= ( )
= ( )
= ( )
( ) ( )
2. ( ) ( )
= ( )
=
= ( ) ( )
( )
1. Change f(x) = 2x2 + 8x + 5 into the form f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k.
Solution:
f(x) = 2x2 + 8x + 5
= 2(x2 + 4x) + 5
= 2(x2 + 4x + 4) + 5 – 8
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f(x) = 2(x + 2)2 -3

2. Change g(x) = -2(x + 6)2 – 3 into the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
Solution:
g(x) = -2(x + 6)2 – 3
= -2(x2 + 12x + 36) – 3
= -2x2 – 24x – 72 -3
g(x) = -2x2 – 24x - 75
C. The Graph of a Quadratic Function

Look at the graph of the simplest quadratic function, f(x) = x2, and observe its characteristics.
To graph the function, set up the table of values for x and f(x) that satisfy the equation, plot each
ordered pair of values in the Cartesian plane, and connect the plotted points with a smooth curve.
This curve is called a parabola.
Parabolas have certain common characteristics:
x f(x)
3 9
2 4
1 1
0 0
-1 1
-2 4
-3 9
a. It has a line called axis of symmetry which divides the graph into two parts such that one-
half of the graph is a reflection of the other half. In the case of f(x) = x2, the y axis is the axis
of symmetry.
b. It has a turning point called the vertex which is either the lowest
c. T point or the highest point o the graph of a quadratic function. In f(x) = x2, the vertex is the
origin (0,0).
d. It has a minimum point when the graph opens upward and a maximum point when the graph
opens downward. In f(x) = x2, the minimum point is (0,0).
C.1 The Vertex and Axis of Symmetry of the Graph of a Quadratic Function
The vertex of the parabola is the point where the quadratic unction f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
attains its maximum value when a < 0 or minimum value when a > 0. The axis of symmetry
passes through the vertex.
The vertex of a parabola is determined from the quadratic function of the form f(x) = a(x
– h)2 + k, where a, h and k are real numbers. The coordinate of the vertex are (h,k). It shows
that the axis of symmetry will pass through line x = h. The axis of symmetry is the line about
which the graph is symmetric. It is the line over which the parts of the graph are reflections of
each other.
Illustrative example
Find the vertex of the parabola from the quadratic function f(x) = (x + 2)2 – 1.
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Solution:
Since h = -2 and k = -1, then the vertex (h, k) is (-2, -1). The line of symmetry passes
through the line x = -2.
The coordinates of the vertex may also be obtained by solving the equation f(x) = ax2 +
bx + c using the completing the square method, that is:
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, a ≠ 0
= ( )
= [ ( ) ( ) ]
= ( ) ( )
This is now transformed into the function of the form f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k, where:
and ( )
The coordinates of the vertex (h, k) of any quadratic function are:

( )
Illustrative Example
Find the axis of symmetry, the coordinates of the vertex, the point where the function
attains its maximum or minimum value, and write the function f(x) = -3x2 – 12x + 5 in the form
f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k.
Solution: a = -3, b = -12 and c = 5

Since a < 0, it has a maximum value.
a. Find h using
( )
( )
=
The axis of symmetry is the line x = -2.
b. Find k using
( )( ) ( )
( )
The value of the coordinate of the vertex are (-2, 17). This is also the point where the
function attains its maximum value.
c. Given the values of a, h, and k, the unction f(x) = -3x2 – 12x + 5 in the form f(x) = a(x – h)2 +
k becomes f(x) = -3(x + 2)2 + 17.
C.2. The y Intercept

The graph of f(x) = ax2 + bx + c crosses the y axis at the point where x = 0. Therefore,
the intercept can be found by substituting zero for x in f(x) = ax2 + bx + c.
Thus, f(0) = a(0)2 + b(0) + c
=0+0+c
f(0) = c
This means that the y intercept of the graph of f(x) = ax2 + bx + c is equal to the value of
c, the constant term.
Illustrative Example: To find the y intercept of the graph of f(x) = -2x2 – 5x + 3, let x =0. Thus,
the y intercept is 3.
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D. Graphing a Quadratic Function
Knowing the characteristics of a quadratic function, its graph can be drawn using the vertex the axis
of symmetry and some points.
Follow these steps in drawing the graph of a quadratic function.

a. Find the equation of the axis of symmetry.
b. Find the coordinates of the vertex.
c. Prepare a table of values and draw the graph.
i. Graph the function f(x) = x2 – 8x + 7. Find the vertex and the axis o symmetry.
Solution:
Notice that the coefficient of x2, which is 1, is positive and therefore, the graph will open
upward and the vertex will be the lowest point.
a) The equation for the axis of symmetry is obtained using .

For f(x) = x2 – 8x + 7,
a = 1, b = -8
( )
Thus, ( )
b) Since the equation for the axis of symmetry is x = 4, the x coordinate of the vertex must be 4.
Then f(4) is obtained as follows:
f(x) = x2 – 8x + 7
f(4) = (4)2 – 8(4) + 7
= 16 - 32 + 7
f(4) = -9
The point (4, -9) is the vertex of the graph of the parabola. Locate and plot this point in the
coordinate plane. This point gives the minimum value.
c) Construct a table of values. Make sure to choose values for x that are greater and less than
4. This ensures that points one each side of the axis of symmetry are plotted.
x x2 – 8x + 7 f(x)
1 12 – 8(1) + 7 0
2 22 – 8(2) + 7 -5
3 32 – 8(3) + 7 -8
4 42 – 8(4) + 7 -9
5 52 – 8(5) + 7 -8
6 62 – 8(6) + 7 -5
7 72 – 8(7) + 7 0
From the table, the pairs of values (2,-5) and (6,-5), (3,-8) and (5,-8) are the symmetric
points as shown in the graph. Symmetric points are reflections of each other with respect to the
axis of symmetry. With (4,-9) as vertex, connect these points with a smooth curve forming the
parabola for the unction f(x) = x2 – 8x + 7. The parabola opens upward since the coefficient of
x2 is positive.
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E. Forms of the Quadratic Function

To facilitate drawing the graph of a quadratic function and visualizing its behavior in the
coordinate plane, its various forms have to be studied in detail.
E.1 The Graph of f(x) = ax2

One of the simplest forms of a quadratic function is defined by the function f(x) = ax2.
The graph of this function has its axis of symmetry which is the y-axis. The vertex is (0,0) and it
is open upward.
E.2 The Graph of f(x) = ax2 + k.
The graph of this function has its axis of symmetry which is the y-axis. The vertex is shifted,
upward or downward along the y-axis depending on the value of k.
E.3 The Graph of f(x) = a(x – h)2
Let a = 1 and h = 2. The quadratic function of the form f(x) = a(x-h)2 becomes f(x) = (x-2)2.
The table of values is shown below together with its graph.
x -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
f(x) 9 4 1 0 1 4 9
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The graph of this function has its axis of symmetry along the line x = h. The vertex is shifted to
the left or to the right of the origin depending on the value of h. The graph is open upward if a is
positive and downward if it is negative.
Remember
The graph of the function of the form (x) = a(x-h)2, where a is a real number not equal to
zero and h is a negative real number, is the same as the graph of f(x) = ax2 except that the
vertex is shifted h units to the left of the origin.
The graph of the function of the form f(x) = a(x-h)2, where a is a real number not equal
to zero and h is a positive real number, is the same as the graph of f(x) = ax 2 except that the
vertex is shifted h units to the right of the origin.
F. Zeros of a Quadratic Function

Recall that the standard form of a quadratic equation in one variable is ax2 + bx + c = 0. The
related quadratic function determined by the equation is f(x) = ax2 + bx + c.
The solutions of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are numbers called roots of the equation. The zeros of a
quadratic function f(x) = ax2 + bx + c correspond to the roots of the corresponding quadratic
equation.
The graph of the quadratic function may or may not intersect the x axis. The intersections of the
graph with the x axis, or x intercept, are also called the zeros of a function. The zeros of a function
are very important in graphing. These are the x coordinates of a point where the parabola intersects
the x axis. A parabola may intersect the x axis twice, once, or not at all.
Illustrative Examples:
1. Find the zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + x – 6 and the roots of the related quadratic equation.
Solution:
Let f(x) = 0 x2 + x – 6 = 0
Factor the left member. (x +3)(x-2) = 0
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Solve for x x + 3 =0 x–2=0

x = -3 x=2
The x intercepts are -3 and 2.
The zeros of the function are x = -3 and x = 2.
The roots of the related quadratic equation are -3 and 2.
The graph of the function f(x) = x2 + x – 6 intersects the x axis twice at points (-3, 0) and (2,
0).
The zeros of a function can be identified from its graph.
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

In f(x) = x2 – 1, the In f(x) = (x+2)2, the In f(x) = (x+1)2 + 1,
zeros are -1 and 1. zero is -2. there is no zero.
The parabola in Figure 1 intersects the x axis twice, in Figure 2, the parabola touches the x
axis once, and in Figure 3, there is no zero of the function because there is no x intercept.
Sometimes, zeros of a function can also be identified from its table of values.
2. a. The pairs of values for the function g(x) = x2 – 2x – 3 is shown.
In which ordered pair is g(x) = 0?
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
g(x) 5 0 -3 -4 -3 0 5
The zeros of the function are -1 and 3.
Page 8 of 19
b. The table represents the function h(x) = x2 + 4x -5. Determine the zeros of the function.
x -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
h(x) 0 -5 -8 -9 -8 -5 0
The zeros of the function are -5 and 1.
F.1 Nature of the Zeros of a Quadratic Function
The quantity b2 – 4ac that appears under the radical sign in the quadratic formula is called
the discriminant. It is also named because it discriminates between quadratic functions that
have real zeros and those that do not. Evaluating the discriminant will determine whether the
quadratic function has real zeros or not.
The zeros of the quadratic function f(x) = ax2 + bx + c can be expressed in the form
√ √
S1 = and S2 = , where D = b2 – 4ac
The examples below illustrate how th discriminant is related to the zeros of a quadratic
function.
Using the discriminant, determine the nature of the zeros of each function.
A. f(x) = x2 + 6x + 6, a = 1, b = 6, c = 6
D = 62 – 4
√ √
S1 = √
√ √
S2 = √
B. f(x) = x2 - 6x + 9, a = 1, b = -6, c= 9
D = (-6)2 – 4
( ) √
S1 =
( ) √
S2 =
C. f(x) = x2 + 4x + 6, a = 1, b = 4, c = 6
D = 42 – 4
√ √
S1 = √
√ √
S2 = √
The results are stated below:
Remember
Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c be a quadratic function, where a, b and c are real numbers.
1. If b2 – 4ac > 0, there are two real, unequal zeros.
2. If b2 – 4ac = 0, there is real, double zero.
3. If b2 – 4ac < 0, there are two imaginary, conjugate zeros.
F.2 Algebraic Methods of Finding Roots of a Quadratic Equation

Exact values of roots can be found using algebraic methods such as extracting square roots,
factoring, completing the square and using the quadratic formula.
Page 9 of 19
A. Find the roots of the quadratic equation by extracting square roots.
1. x2 = 81 2. 3x2 = 48 3. x2 – 36 = 28
Solutions:
1. x2 = 81 2. 3x2 = 48 3. x2 -36 = 28
x= √ x2 = x2 = 28 + 36
x= x= x2 = 64
√
x= x= √
x=
B. Find the roots of the quadratic equation by factoring.
1. x2 – 6x + 9 = 0 2. x2 + 8x + 15 = 0 3. 2x2 + 7x – 15 = 0
Solutions:
1. x2 – 6x + 9 = 0 2. x2 + 8x + 15 = 0 3. 2x2 + 7x – 15 = 0
(x – 3)(x – 3) = 0 (x + 5)(x + 3) = 0 (2x – 3)(x + 5) = 0
x = 3, x = 3 x = -5, x = -3 2x = 3 , x = -5
x=
Some quadratic equations cannot be solved either by extracting square roots or by

factoring. In these situations, completing the square is resorted to. This method will
enable you to find even the complex roots of an equation.
C. Solve the quadratic equation 3x2 – 7x – 3 = 0 by completing the square.

Solution:
1. Make sure that the coefficient of 1. 3x2 – 7x – 3 = 0
x2 is 1 by dividing all the terms x2 -
by that coefficient.
2. Add 1 to both sides. Simplify. 2. x2 -
3. Add the square of half the 3. x2 - ( ) ( )
coefficient of x to both sides. =1+
=
4. Factor the left side as the 4. ( )
square of a binomial.
5. Find the square root of each side. 5. x - √
6. Add 7/6 to each side. 6. x = √
The solution set is { √ √ }.
Completing the square is quite a difficult process. Another alternative solution is to find
a formula for solving any quadratic equation. Start with the standard form o the quadratic
equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0. Follow the steps in completing the square.
ax2 + bx + c = 0
x2 +
x2 +
Complete the Square. + ( ) ( )
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( )
( )
Find the square root of each side: √
The quadratic formula can be used to solve any quadratic equation.
Remember
The roots o the quadratic equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are
given by the formula:
𝑏 √𝑏 𝑎𝑐
𝑥 𝑎
D. Use the quadratic formula to solve 8x2 + 10x + 3 = 0

Solution:
For the quadratic equation, 8x2 + 10x + 3 = 0, a = 8, b = 10, and c = 3.
Substitute the values in the quadratic formula,
√
√ ( )( )
( )
or
The solution set is { }
G. The Quadratic Function Derived From Zeros of the Function

The zeros of the function f(x) = ax2 + bx + c correspond to the roots of an equation ax2 + bx + c = 0.
In solving for the zeros of f(x) = x2 – 7x + 10, the function is equated to 0. That is,
x2 – 7x + 10 = 0
(x – 5)(x – 2) = 0
x–5=0 or x–2=0
x=5 x=2
The zeros of f(x) = x2 – 7x + 10 are 2 and 5.
The process above can be reversed to find a quadratic function I the zeros are given. For
instance, the quadratic function f(x) whose zeros are 5 and 6 is
f(x) = (x – 5)(x – 6)
f(x) = x2 – 11x + 30
In general, if the zeros are S1 and S2, you can express the quadratic function as
Page 11 of 19
f(x) = (x – S1)(x – S2)
Multiplying the two binomial results in:

f(x) = x2 – S1x – S2x + S1S2
or f(x) = x2 – (S1 + S2)x + S1S2
Now, consider the quadratic function f(x) = ax2 + bx + c. Solving for the zeros of f(x) means
equating it to 0. That is, ax2 + bx + c = 0.
or
Comparing the functions f(x) = x2 – (S1 + S2)x + S1S2 and f(x) = suggests that
-(S1 + S2) = and S1S2 =
The comparison illustrates the relationships between the zeros and the coefficient of a quadratic
function.
1. Find a quadratic function f(x) with 2/3 and -1 as its zeros.

Solution:
( ) ( )
( )( )
Thus, the quadratic equation is

If the integer coefficients are required, multiply both members of the equation by 2, resulting in
2x2 – x – 3 = 0.
Therefore, the desired quadratic function is f(x) = 2x2 – x – 3.
2. Find a quadratic function g(x) whose zeros are 2 + √3 and 2 - √3. (Recall operations with
radicals)
Solution:
( ) [( √ ) ( √ )]
S1S2 = ( √ )( √ ) √ √
Thus, the quadratic equation x2 - 4x + 1 = 0.

Therefore, the desired quadratic function is g(x) = x2 – 4x + 1.
3. Find a quadratic function h(x) whose zeros are 3 + 4i and 3 – 4i. (Recall operations with
imaginary numbers).
Solution:
-(S1 + S2) = - [( ) ( )]
S1S2 = ( )( ) i2
= 9 + 0 – 16(-1) = 25
Thus, the quadratic equation is x2 – 6x + 25 = 0.
Therefore, the desired quadratic function is h(x) = x2 – 6x + 25 = 0
Page 12 of 19
The Quadratic function can also be derived from a given set of points in the graph of a given
function. If two ordered pairs are needed to graph a linear function, it takes three ordered pairs
for a quadratic function.
1. Find the quadratic function f(x) whose graph contains the points (1, 2), (-2, 23), (3, 8).
Solution:
In the quadratic function f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, substitute the first ordered pair (1, 2) for
(x, f(x)).
2 = a(1)2 + b(1) + c
2=a+b+c Equation 1
Substitute the other two ordered pairs (-2, 23) and (3, 8) for (x, f(x)).
23 = a(-2)2 + b(-2) + c
23 = 4a – 2b + c Equation 2
8 = a(3)2 + 3b + c
8 = 9a + 3b + c Equation 3
Transform equations 1, 2 and 3 into a system of linear equations which can be solved by
linear combination.
a+b+c=2 3a – 3b= 21 a–b=7 Equation 4

4a – 2b + c = 23
9a + 3b + c = 8 5a + 5b = -15 a + b = -3 Equation 5
2a = 4
a=2
Substitute 2 for a in equation 4
a–b=7
2–b =7
-b = 5
b = -5
Substitute 2 for a and -5 for b in the first equation.

2 + (-5) + c = 2
-3 + c = 2
c=5
Therefore, the desired quadratic function is
f(x) =2x2 – 5x + 5.
2. Find the quadratic function g(x) whose graph has its vertex at (-2, 3) and contains the point
(4, 12).
Solution:
Since the vertex of the parabola is given, it would be easier to use the form f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k.
Substitute (-2, 3) for the vertex (h, k).
f(x) = a[x – (-2)]2 + 3
You need only one ordered pair to evaluate the constant a.
Substitute (4, 12) for (x, f(x)).
12 = a(4 + 2)2 + 3
9 = 36a
¼=a
Therefore,
f(x) = ¼ (x + 2)2 + 3
f(x) = ¼ x2 + x + 4.
Page 13 of 19
H. Problem Solving
Quadratic functions have many applications.
Analyze the graph below representing the relationship between the time in seconds when a
projectile is launched vertically into the air, and its height at that time.
1. What is the maximum height reached by the projectile?

2. How long does it take for the projectile to reach its maximum height?
3. How long does it take for the projectile to return to the ground?
4. What is the axis of symmetry of the graph?
Illustrative examples
1. Find two real numbers whose sum is 8 and whose product is 16.
Solution:
Let x be one o the numbers. Then 8 – x is the other number. If the product o the two
numbers is 16, then
x(8 – x) = 16
8x – x2 = 16
0 = x2 – 8x + 16
0 = (x – 4)(x – 4)
Thus the solution is x = 4 which is off multiplicity two.
Therefore, if x = 4, the other number, 8 – x, is 4.
The equation 0 = x2 – 8x + 16 can also be solved by finding the x intercept of the graph of its
related function,
f(x) = x2 – 8x + 16
The graph opens upward and the equation of its axis of symmetry is
( )
( )
The table of values and the graph of the function are as follows:
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Notice that the minimum value of the function occurs at (4, 0) representing the vertex of the
parabola. It is also its point of intersection with the x-axis. Thus, the x intercept is 4. Therefore,
if x = 4 is one of the numbers, then the other number, 8 – x is 4.
I. Quadratic Inequality
Some problems involving quadratics require solutions of not only quadratic equations but also
quadratic inequalities.
Quadratic inequalities make use of inequality symbols such as <, >, ≤, and ≥. For example,
If x2 + 4x – 21 = 0 is a quadratic equation
x2 + 4x – 21 > 0 quadratic inequality
x2 + 4x – 21 < 0 quadratic inequality
Illustrative Example
Solve the inequality x2 – 4x – 12 > 0. What values of x will make the given inequality true?
Solution:
The graph of f(x) = x2 – 4x – 12 is shown above and the solution of the equation are found at -2
and 6.
Therefore, the values of x for which the values of y are greater than 0 are x < -2 or x > 6.
To clarify the solution further, solve the related quadratic equation: x2 – 4x – 12 = 0.
x2 – 4x – 12 = 0
(x + 2)(x – 6) = 0
x+2=0 x–6=0
x = -2 x=6
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Use the x axis as a number line and plot the solutions. Use open circles at -2 and 6 to signify the
inequality ”less than” or “greater than”.
Notice that the solutions divide the x axis into three intervals, to the left of -2 and 6 and to the right
of 6.
Now, test each interval by choosing a number from each interval, and substitute each for x in the
original inequality.
Left of – 2 -6 Between – 2 and 6 2
x2 – 4x – 12 > 0 x2 – 4x – 12 > 0
(-6)2 – 4(-6) – 12 > 0 (2)2 – 4(2) – 12 > 0
36 + 24 – 12 > 0 4 – 8 – 12 > 0
48 > 0 true -16 > 0 false
Right of 6 10
x2 – 4x – 12 > 0
102 – 4(10) – 12 > 0
100 – 40 – 12 > 0
48 > 0 true
On the graph, the solutions are indicated in bold lines
VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
A. Which of these functions describe a quadratic function?

1. f(x) = x + 7
2. g(x) = x2 + 1
3. k(x) = 3x – 2
4. t(x) = (x – 2)2 + 5
5. a(x) = (x + 3)3 – x3
B. Transform each function into the form f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k.

1. f(x) = x2 - 2x – 1
2. f(x) = x2 – 6x + 4
3. f(x) = x2 + 4x + 2
C. Transform each function into the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c.

1. f(x) = (x – 2)2 + 1
2. f(x) = -4(x + 3)2 + 6
3. f(x) = 3(x – 5)2 – 2
D. Find the coordinates of the vertex and the axis of symmetry for each of the given functions.
1. f(x) = x2 + 4x + 3
2. f(x) = -x2 + x + 6
3. f(x) = 3x2
4. f(x) = 3x2
E. In the following functions, find the vertex, the y-intercept, and identify some symmetric points of the
graph. Then sketch the graph.
1. f(x) = x2 + 4x + 3
2. f(x) = -x2 + 4x + 5
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3. f(x) = -3x2 -24x – 41
F. Draw the graph of the following functions:

1. f(x) = 3x2
2. f(x) = -3x2
3. f(x) = ¼ x2
G. Identify the zeros of the given quadratic functions.

1. f(x) = x2 – x – 6
2. f(x) = -3x2 + 18x – 15
3. f(x) = 2x2 – 7x + 3
H. Find the quadratic equation with integral coefficients having the given zeros.
1. – 6 and 0
2. -2, 7/2
3. 2 + √ and 2 - √
I. Solve the following problems.

1. The height h in feet of a ball t seconds after being tossed upwards is given by the function h(t) =
84t – 16t2.
a. After how many seconds will it hit the ground?
b. What is its maximum height?
VII. ASSIGNMENT
A. Find the coordinates o the vertex and the axis of symmetry for each of the given functions.
1. f(x) = -⅜x2 – 7x + ¼
2. f(x) = 10x2 + x – 1
3. f(x) = 6x2 – 24x + 24
B. Draw the graph of each of the functions.

1. f(x) = 3x2 – 2
2. f(x) = ⅓x2 – 1
3. The graph of f(x) = x2 shifted 3 units below the origin
4. The graph of f(x) = -5x2 shifted 7 units downward.
C. Approximate the zeros o the following quadratic functions from their respective graphs.
Page 17 of 19
Page 18 of 19
D. Problem Solving.
1. The sum of two numbers is 45. Find their greatest possible product.
2. Find two numbers such that their sum is 20 and the sum of their squares is as small as possible.
3. What is the largest rectangular area that can be enclosed with 900m of fencing? Find the
dimensions o the rectangle.
VIII. EVALUATION
IX. REFERENCES
Dilao, S.J., Orines, F.B., & Bernabe, J.G. (2003). Advanced Algebra:Trigonometry and Statistics. JTW
Corporation, Quezon City. ISBN 971-07-2227-1.
Numbering the IM No.: IM-CCCCCC-SSSSSS-NNNN-NNNN
School Year
Semester
Course Number
e.g.:
IM-COURSE NO-SEMESTER-SCHOOL YEAR
IM-MCB180-1STSEM-2020-2021
Page 19 of 19

Instructional Module: Republic of The Philippines Nueva Vizcaya State University Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya

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Instructional Module: Republic of The Philippines Nueva Vizcaya State University Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya

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Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

DEGREE PROGRAM BSED COURSE NO. SEC

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE:

II. LESSON TITLE:

III. LESSON OVERVIEW:

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

A. The Quadratic Function

b. Now, study function g(x) = 2x2 + 1.

f(x) = 2(x + 2)2 -3

C. The Graph of a Quadratic Function

The coordinates of the vertex (h, k) of any quadratic function are:

Solution: a = -3, b = -12 and c = 5

C.2. The y Intercept

D. Graphing a Quadratic Function

Follow these steps in drawing the graph of a quadratic function.

a) The equation for the axis of symmetry is obtained using .

E. Forms of the Quadratic Function

E.1 The Graph of f(x) = ax2

E.2 The Graph of f(x) = ax2 + k.

E.3 The Graph of f(x) = a(x – h)2

The table of values is shown below together with its graph.

F. Zeros of a Quadratic Function

Solve for x x + 3 =0 x–2=0

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

The zeros of the function are -1 and 3.

The zeros of the function are -5 and 1.

F.1 Nature of the Zeros of a Quadratic Function

The results are stated below:

F.2 Algebraic Methods of Finding Roots of a Quadratic Equation

Some quadratic equations cannot be solved either by extracting square roots or by

C. Solve the quadratic equation 3x2 – 7x – 3 = 0 by completing the square.

6. Add 7/6 to each side. 6. x = √

The solution set is { √ √ }.

Complete the Square. + ( ) ( )

Find the square root of each side: √

The quadratic formula can be used to solve any quadratic equation.

D. Use the quadratic formula to solve 8x2 + 10x + 3 = 0

The solution set is { }

G. The Quadratic Function Derived From Zeros of the Function

f(x) = (x – S1)(x – S2)

Multiplying the two binomial results in:

1. Find a quadratic function f(x) with 2/3 and -1 as its zeros.

Thus, the quadratic equation is

Thus, the quadratic equation x2 - 4x + 1 = 0.

a+b+c=2 3a – 3b= 21 a–b=7 Equation 4

Substitute 2 for a and -5 for b in the first equation.

1. What is the maximum height reached by the projectile?

On the graph, the solutions are indicated in bold lines

VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

A. Which of these functions describe a quadratic function?

B. Transform each function into the form f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k.

C. Transform each function into the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c.

3. f(x) = -3x2 -24x – 41

F. Draw the graph of the following functions:

G. Identify the zeros of the given quadratic functions.

I. Solve the following problems.

B. Draw the graph of each of the functions.

Numbering the IM No.: IM-CCCCCC-SSSSSS-NNNN-NNNN

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