Crash?” Notes oe Physics 41th Chapter a UNITS & DIMENSIONS Physical Quaritities: Physical quantities are physical chovaderictics that cam be measured fall ATE AT height, mass, boot volume, power aadt ar away E| these oe physical quantities Cox Ki price manulacturer decide aa BS price Hh =m quantity & ax physical qpuantity abt & Measure ment: measurement is compaxision at physical quantity with a certain basic, oxbitravily ne accepted reference standards ‘called Wnit, d Basic: qfarard | Gras att Ad arent Fark war F¥ | Arbitrarily chosen: warerat | akg acter & gash otk garar and toner aif | Internodionally accepted: far oat git zafesratt Br | Fundamental or base Units physical quantities ave interrelabed. Cength = (velocity) ox (time)= length) Ctime ) Cvelecity)We need only 7 physical quantities for enpladnng LL other physical quantities. These physical wontities axe called fiindamertal or base quontiia The units for fundamental or base quantities ave Called fundamental oy base units. uz af 2 be quantities zur? BF dE sx # independent physical quantities a ar base quantities stAT Soky Sr] az Paar aaa By Sra afr measure ments amd calewations #fierer Br virct | Pressure axea Luminous Wensity Temperature force velocity density Amount of Sulostance Resistance Chas energy / vnomertum power Base Units for SI system Base. Units for some other system Derived units Units oF all cther physical quantities can be expresse Qs combination of the base units. Such units obtained for the derived quantities axe called derived units Velocity AY unit "my? Length & unit “in BRE time AA unit "s Br derived ¥ |SYSTEM OF UNITS A complete set of laase units and derived units Is known as system of units, Berar F steer arear one greer Heer YaTT AF unit Systems oft Spec FE lek cas System: cm, 9, 5 FPS ox British System: foot, pound £ second MKS cystem: metre , kilogram 2 second Cee cece cee | 14 : LOY foot (EERE errr 36 Te avoid confusion, we needed an international accepted system of units, At present, internatidnall accepted system of units is the Systeme Interntiossle d! Units, abbreviated as SI. Greneh for International ) System of Units Base Quantity (#) Unit Symbo! Length —————___— meter —— m Mass kilogram — keg Time Second—— $ Electric Current ompere —— A Thermodynamic Temperature — kelvin K Amount of Sulbstance——— mole —— mel Luminous Tntensity, candela — cd.SECOND (time) Sa fea Sr 24 awh H, Lae AAT co winutes me Sr A minute Gr co seconds citer atar | axbitravily. 1s-= Aday = A day 24x60x6o 86400 AX HA Earth A rotation A speed oar & aS, ar ea eRe HX orshy az ger Naisecond ar duration Ht Set ARI | PHT ex Br EME second Br redefine Gar aTar | rat of oR GIST Notuval constant 3 | a nn 3-133 Em radiation ft Frequenci atom GY Universe me constant ¥) The second is defined as duration of 4,192,,631,770 periods of the vadiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the qround state of the Cesium- 133 atom. KILOGRAM (rmass) Weer ton adh & ager ar 4g amar TT | Cay bitvanily) fz 1000 9 a ze ate ger Ren Phe ster ean svar 7 aeite A st uit ¥] The kilogram is equal to the mass of she ‘international prototype of the Kilogram Gk) kept ot the Internation) Bureau of Weights and measures, at Sevres near fvig GE Ste (oe) Hf tse or ant & war ¥] ether By) A ar & H natural constayits Ab terms ¥ xedefine Gur spy)METER (or metre) CLength) North pole 2° equator aan Ur Ae Powis 2 dae are 7 Ciscum ference Uz" emt 1 Br BT 10,000,000 m TAT aor Parts arbitvarily, AY FTI eaxth ASE ar, ar stex Ar vecreote wet fen ur arar or) safe tex Or HE oT ARN ate natural constants tT terme A vedefine @rar sz | The meter is the length of the path travelled by light im vaccum® duxing a time interval of 1/299,792,u5— Second. CRT Her speed of light ‘ec! i=) o Second ATI Yedefined meter Wr; —t PALFIMSE in se meter BF BIL FT me | KELVIN: Crermonyivamec TEMPERATURE) The kelvin is the fraction th331¢ of the thermodynant temperature of the triple point cf water. inimuan possible tem STH Frere ett Saar ~2F316°C fox too% +, , Ok 273:1¢K S3B.leKAMPERE (current) The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in tuo straight powallel conductoss of infinite length, of negligible cvoss-section, and placed 41 meter apart in vaccum, would produce between these cunductors a force equal ta 2x107 newton per meter of dength MOLE Cormount of substance) The mole ig the. amount of substance oF a system, which Covtains as may clementaxy entities as theve ave atoms m 0. ND kg oF Carlon-12 Cit has been redefined as exactly 6.022 140 76 #1023) (12q carbon # atoms dr ait oft AME value fix az #31) CANDELA CLuminous Intensity) The camdela ig the luminous Intensity, f'n a given direction, of a source ‘ that® emits Ymonechromatic vadiation of frequency SHO xio!* He ond teat Mas a radiant intensity in thal divection of A/eg3 wott per stevadian {Watay videos for detailed explaination}SI PREFIXES Prefix: tr Prat a7ez 26 sir eorar ire | factor Practical Units Astronomical Unit (Av) mean distance between the Earth and the Sun 2.4496 X1o'm wv 15x Iam Light year (Ly) distance travelled wy light in 4 year peedof light x60 xs0x24x 365-4 mM 446 x Loe m Poxsec Distance at which 4 AU gultends an angle of A arcsecond C1 degitee = 60 arc min; Lave min= 6o0xsec) a eee — 4. parse 5 = 6-3 x1 AL = 3.084 x106m (3.26 Ly)Units of length 4 foot = 0.3048 m = 12 inches 4 inch = 254 om (6049-344 m = 5280 feet 1 mile = 4 Nowtical mile = 1952 m 1 Noutical mile per hour = 1 knot Cspeed) 4d micron = tum= 107 4 Angstyom= 1A = 10m 4 fermi = lo'Sm = 4 fm Units of Area hacre = 4047 m* hove = 100 m~ 1 hectare =10,000m* 4 ditey= loFm Units of Mass Aton= 1000 kq Cmetric ton) A Quintal = 106 k A Mann = 40 kg 4 Pound = OH MS351237 kg ~ O45 hg 4 Pound= 16 Ounces 4 Solax mass= 2x10? kg Cmass of ouv Sun) = 4M, 1 Chandvashekhar limit= 1:4 Mo 4 Unified Atomic Mass Unit = Dalton G)=1-6¢x10?* hy 4 covet = 0.2 gUnits of Time dminute = 605 4 hour = 60 min 4 day = 24 Nouxs 4 weeks 7 days 4 month = 28/29/30/3) days 4 yeax= 365.25 doys 4 shakes 10% Ss Order of Magnitude An approximate measure of tha number of digits that a number Nas m ‘the commonly-used base ~ten humber system. we ~10° 05S x <5 ordey oO Peet eG eae oO) ovdes 4 we ~I0* 506 % <500 order 2 ww103 500¢ % <5000 order 3 *~ 10" Fo00g % 50000 order 4 a youtube.com /evach ub by Vikvant. 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