FIRE

FIREFIGHTING
FIGHTING&&FIRE
FIREPREVENTION
PREVENTION
FIRE FIGHTING &
FIRE PREVENTION
 What is Emergency ?
Emergency is a sudden occurrence of
an accident of such a magnitude,
which affects normal life inside the
factory or in the vicinity causing
extensive damage to the life, property
and / or environment.
TYPES OF EMERGENCIES –
1.a) Earth Quake / Collapse
of Structure.
b) Floods / Tsunami / Storm
2. Release of TOXIC GAS.
3. Explosion &
4. Fire
 OBJECTIVES OF
OBJECTIVES OF THE
THE PROGRAM
PROGRAM

 KNOWING THE FIRE CHEMISTRY.

 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE.
 TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS.
 FIRE PREVENTION TECHNIQUES.
 CAUSES OF FIRE.
 FIRE MANAGEMENT.
 CHEMISTRY OF FIRE
What is FIRE ?

FIRE IS A CHEMICAL REACTION IN WHICH

HEAT & IGNITABLE MATERIAL (HYDROCARBONS)
IN PRESENCE OF OXYGEN IGNITES & PRODUCES
HEAT AND ENERGY.
FIRE
FIREIS
ISALSO
ALSOCALLED
CALLEDAAPROCESS
PROCESSOF
OFRAPID
RAPIDOXIDATION
OXIDATION
USUALLY
USUALLYACCOMPANIED
ACCOMPANIEDBYBYHEAT
HEAT&&LIGHT
LIGHT
“A
“ACHAIN
CHAINREACTION
REACTIONCAN
CANOCCUR
OCCURWHEN
WHENTHETHETHREE
THREE
ELEMENTS
ELEMENTSOFOFFIRE
FIREARE
AREPRESENT
PRESENTIN
INTHE
THEPROPER
PROPER
CONDITIONS
CONDITIONSAND
ANDPROPORTION.”
PROPORTION.”
ALL OF THESE MUST BE PRESENT
FOR A FIRE TO START & KEEP
BURNING !!!
 N
TIO
VA
AR
ST
COOLING
NG
RI
HE
OT
SM
 n
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ge
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Re
THESE
THESEFACTORS
y

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mo
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ANDTHE
THE
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FIRECANNOT
ing

v
CANNOT

ing
OCCUR
OCCUROR ORWILL
WILLBEBE
v
mo

EXTINGUISHED
EXTINGUISHEDIF IFIT
Fu
IT
WAS
WASALREADY
Re

el
ALREADY
BURNING.
BURNING.

Removing Heat
 CLASS - ‘A’:

FIREINVOLVING COMBUSTIBLE SOLID

MATERIAL LIKE WOOD, PAPER, CARDBOARD,
CLOTH, PLASTIC ETC.
WATER IS A IDEAL MEDIA TO EXTINGUISH
“CLASS-A” FIRE.
 CLASS - ‘B’:
FIRE INVOLVING FLAMMABLE
LIQUIDS LIKE PETROL, DIESEL,
KEROSENE, THNINNER, OIL ETC.
IT IS MORE HAZARDOUS.

DRY CHEMICAL POWDER, CO2 GAS,

FOAM ARE RECOMMENDED FOR
FIGHTING CLASS-B FIRE.
CLASS - ‘B’:

WHAT MAKES FLAMMABLE LIQUID

MORE HAZARDOUS THAN
ORDINARY MATERIALS SUCH AS
WOOD OR PAPER?
 CLASS - ‘B’:
Flammable Liquids can flow & spread over
wide areas.
They are lighter than water & can float on it.
They are much easier to ignite than solids,
A Tiny Spark will do it with may liquids.
The vapours can form explosive mixture in
the air.
Difficult to extinguish than fires in ordinary
(solid) materials.
 CLASS - ‘B’:
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - ANY LIQUID
THAT CAN BURN.

Flash Point:
The temperature at which sufficient vapours exist
above the surface of a liquid to form an ignitable
mixture.

If Flash Point is low, liquid becomes highly

flammable. (Petrol, Thinner less than 23 Degree C.)
  CLASS - C’:

FIRE INVOLVING COMPRESSED

FLAMMABLE GASES LIKE LPG,

CNG, ACETELYNE ETC.
 CLASS - ‘D’:
FIREINVOLVING COMBUSTIBLE
METAL LIKE SODIUM, LITHIUM,
ZIRCONIUM, SULPHUR ETC.
ELECTRICAL FIRE:

FIRE INVOLVING ELECTRICAL

CONTROL PANELS, SWITCHES,
ELECTRICAL MOTORS ETC.
 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
FIRST AID FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
 BUCKETS OF SAND/WATER &
 FIRST-AID FIRE EXTINGUISHERS.

Fires in the initial or beginning

stage & can be controlled or
extinguished by portable fire
extinguishers.
 FIRE EXTINGUISHING

FIXED FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS

HYDRANTS, HOSE REEL & SPRINKLERS.

TRAILER PUMP.
FIRE TENDER.
AUTOMATIC FLOODING
SYSTEMS.
 TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

 WATER - CO2

DRY CHEMICAL POWDER

ABC STORED PRESSURE

CARBON DI OXIDE
MECHANICAL FOAM TYPE
 Suitable only for class ‘A’ fires.
Cooling effect.
It contains Water and CO2 cartridge.
Method of operation-
Remove safety cap & hit plunger.
Direct the jet at the base of fire.
Never use on Electrical Fires.

NEVER USE ON CLASS ‘B’ &

ELECTRICAL FIRE.
 UNIVERSAL EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
(SUITABLE FOR ALL CLASSES OF FIRES)
BLANKETING EFFECT.

DCP MADE FROM SODIUM BI

CARBONATE / POTASSUIM BI
CARBONATE.
METHOD OF OPERATION-
REMOVE SAFETY CLIP, HOLD THE DISCHARGE
HOSE & HIT THE PLUNGER.
DIRECT THE DISCHARGE AT THE BASE OF FIRE.
 UNIVERSAL EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
(SUITABLE FOR ALL CLASSES OF FIRES)
BLANKETING EFFECT.
MONO AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
SILICON COATED POWDER UNDER
PRESSURE

Pressure Gauge present.

METHOD OF OPERATION-
REMOVE SAFETY PIN, HOLD THE
DISCHARGE HOSE & SQUEEZE THE GRIP.
DIRECT THE DISCHARGE AT THE BASE OF FIRE.
How to Use an ABC Extinguisher
PASS
P: Pull the pin.
A: Aim extinguisher nozzle at
the base of the flame.
S: Squeeze trigger while
holding the extinguisher
upright.
S: Sweep the extinguisher
from side to side, covering
the area with the
extinguishing agent.
 EFFICIENT AGAINST CLASS ‘B’ & ‘C’.
STARVATION EFFECT.
LIQUIDCO2 STORED UNDER
HIGH PRESSURE.
METHOD OF OPERATION-
REMOVE SAFETY PIN, HOLD THE HANDLE

OF DISCHARGE HORN & OPEN THE VALVE

IN ANTI CLOCKWISE DIRECTION.
DIRECT THE DISCHARGE AT THE BASE OF

THE FIRE.
 USE AGAINST CLASS ‘A’ & ‘B’ FIRES.
Blanketing Effect.
Mechanical Foam Contains
‘AFFF’ i.e. (Aqueous Film
Forming Fluid) Compound
& CO2 Gas Cartridge.
Method Of Operation-
Remove Safety Clip & hit the Plunger.
Direct the Jet over the base of the Fire.

NEVER USE ON ELECTICAL FIRE.

Hot work such as welding, gas
cutting, grinding in hazardous area.

Smoking in Non Smoking area.

 Overloading of electrical points.
Electrical short circuit (loose & temporary electrical
connections). Extension cords & flexible cords cannot
be a substitute for permanent wiring.
 Poor Housekeeping/Storage of
combustible material near source
of heat.
Contact with hot surfaces.
Static Electricity.
 DO’S IN CASE OF FIRE
 Shout ‘fire’, ‘fire’ & draw the attention of other & do follow
your Emergency Control Plan.
 Inform the incident to Security & ERT promptly.
 If possible, switch off the electric supply or seek the help
from electrical maintenance department.
 Know the fire extinguishers in your area, its location &
method of operation. Use correct type of fire extinguisher
as per the classes of fire.
 Only fight a fire in the incipient stage only.
 Leave the premises through the gangway, walkways,
stairways & assemble at designated assembly points.
 All emergency doors should open out side.
 Crawl in case of heavy smoke with wet cloth on nose.
 DO’S IN CASE OF FIRE
 Only trained personnel should operate the fire
extinguishers / hydrant system & rest will move to the
designated assembly points & follow the orders of site
controller / seniors.
 While fighting fire remember to keep an exit to your back
 Refill & reinstall the fire extinguisher promptly or inform
to the responsible personnel or Fire / Safety Officer.
 Maintain the fire fighting system in good working order,
since it is very critical & life saving equipment.
 Investigate the fire & find out the causes & implement
corrective / preventive measures immediately.
 Minimum clearance of 36 inches has be provided
between all electrical service equipment (electrical
panels) and storage.
 DON’T’S IN CASE OF FIRE
 Do not get panic & inform the correct location of fire to
the security & ERT.
 Do not gather to observe fire fighting operation. It may
cause hindrance to fire fighting or rescue operation.
 Do not fight Fire, if it has spread beyond its point of
origin & Your instincts tell you GET OUT.
 Do not operate fire extinguisher if you are not familiar
with its operation as it may cause serious accident.
Everybody is not expected to be FIREFIGHTER!
 Do not use fire extinguisher if it does not operate even
after its use. Keep this fire extinguisher away in open
area with proper labeling & inform to Safety Officer.
 Do not obstruct the Fire Extinguisher or Fire Hydrant
point.
 DON’T’S IN CASE OF FIRE

 Do not use elevator during emergency.

 Do not obstruct or lock the emergency exit / doors.
 Do not leave the area of fire unless it is completely
extinguished.
 Do not use fire extinguishers containing water on
Electrical Fire.
 Do not use water jet on fire involving flammable
liquids.
Do You Know???

 What are the emergency

telephone numbers?
 Where is the nearest fire
extinguisher?
 Where is the primary exit?
 Where is the secondary exit?
 Where is the Assembly
points?
 Where is your emergency
control Plan?
 In Short WHAT IS FIRE?

F - FIND – Location / source

I - INFORM – To ERT / Security
R - RESCUE – All trapped in Fire
E – EXTINGUISH – Fire
ALWAYS REMEMBER
“FIRE IS A GOOD
SERVENT,
BUT, IT IS A VERY
BAD MASTER !”