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Name: Professor:
Date:
Activity 2
Estimation of Phosphate Content in Soft
Drinks
I. Introduction:
Principle of Colourimetry:
A colourimeter can be used to measure any test substance that is itself coloured or can be reacted to produce
a colour.
Beer-Lambert Law:
The Beer-Lambert Law relates the absorption of light at a particular wavelength to the concentration of the
substance that is absorbing the light as follows:
To estimate the amount of phosphate in soft drink sample, one first constructs a graph from stock solutions of
phosphate. The absorbance associated with a set of phosphate solutions of known concentrations is called a
phosphate standard curve. The amount of phosphate in sample solution can be determined from the standard
curve by drawing a horizontal line on the graph parallel to the X-axis which corresponds to the absorbance of
soft drink sample. This line will intersect the standard curve; at this intersection, a vertical line is drawn to the
X-axis. This point corresponds to the volume of phosphate in sample solution.
II. Objectives
To determine the amount of phosphate in soft drinks
III. Procedure:
Preparation of Solutions:
A. Molybdate Solution:
Add 13.6 mL of con.sulphuric acid to 35 mL of water and allow the solution to cool. In a separate vessel
add 2.5 g of ammonium molybdate to 50 mL of water. Add sulphuric acid solution to it & make up the
volume.
B. Reducing Solution:
Dissolve 11.25 g sodium hydrogen phosphate in 30 mL water. Add 2.25 g sodium sulphate and 0.19 g 1-
amino 2-naphthol 4-sulphonic acid and dilute the mixture to 75 mL with water. Stir the mixture
thoroughly & filter.
D. Calculations:
The amount of phosphate in the sample of soft drink is 5 x 0.2 x V = 1 x V mg /mL.
5 is the dilution factor.
0.2 mg/mL amount of phosphate in standard solution.
V is the volume of phosphate solution obtained from graph.
V. Calculations:
VI. Documentations:
VII. Conclusion:
VIII. Reference/s: