Team Sports

Wilson Robert B. Enego

Jarell R. Gatchalian
Alfredo A. Julio

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 Table of Contents

Module 1: Volleyball: History, Values and Equipment

Introduction 1
Learning Outcomes 2
Lesson 1. History of Volleyball 2
Lesson 2. Values in playing Volleyball 4
Lesson 3. Equipment in Volleyball 5
Assessment Task 1 8
Summary 8
References 9

Module 2: Basic Skills in Volleyball

Introduction 10
Learning Outcomes 11
Lesson 1. Basic Skills in Volleyball 11
1.1 Serve
1.2 Pass
1.3 Dig
1.4 Set
1.5 Spike
1.6 Block
Assessment Task 14
Summary 15
References 15

Module 3: Common Rules and Violations in Volleyball

Introduction 16
Learning Outcomes 17
Lesson 1: Basic Rules and Regulations in Volleyball 17
1.1 the toss
1.2 the serve
1.3 rotation
1.4 playing the game
1.5 to win a set
1.6 to win a match
1.7 basic violation
Assessment Task 19
Summary 20
References 21

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Course Code: PE 4

Course Description: The fundamental principles and skills in playing volleyball,

basketball and futsal are the main concern of this particular course. Lead-up games are
also given emphasis to equip the students with a working knowledge on the fundamentals
of playing and officiating team sports and competition.

Course Intended Learning Outcomes (CILO):

At the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Acquire knowledge on the history, rules, mechanics, terminologies used in team
sports
2. Execute the basic skills of the different team sports
3. Apply the rules and mechanics in sports competition
4. Show signs of appreciation of the values gained in sports participation by
applying these values in real life.

Course Requirements:
 Assessment Tasks - 60%
 Major Exams - 40%
_________
Periodic Grade 100%

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 MODULE 1
Volleyball: History, Values and Equipment

Introduction

Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net.

Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under

organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Summer Olympic

Games since 1964 (Patel, 2016).

The complete rules are extensive. But basically, the game goes this way, a player

on one of the teams begins a 'rally' by serving the ball from behind the back boundary line

of the court, over the net, and into the receiving team's court. The receiving team must not

let the ball be grounded within their court. The team may touch the ball up to 3 times, but

individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively. Typically, the first two

touches are used to set up for an attack, an attempt to direct the ball back over the net in

such a way that the serving team is unable to prevent it from being grounded in their court

(Oden, 2019).

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 Learning Outcomes

At the end of this module, students should be able to:

1. Recall the history of the game volleyball.

2. Distinguish the uses of different equipment used in volleyball.
3. Identify the uses of the different equipment.

Lesson 1. History of Volleyball

Volleyball history began in a town called Holyoke, Massachusetts in 1895. The

sport was developed at the YMCA by William G. Morgan as an alternative for the older
men that was less taxing than basketball (Oden, 2019).

Originally, there was no limit to the number of players on a team or the number of
contacts per side and the game was primarily played from the ground.

The set and hit (or spike) was first developed in the Philippines in 1916 and
changed the way the game was played. Later called volleyball since players "volleyed" the
ball back and forth, the sport was embraced by the US military and was played often in
their free time. Soldiers stationed all over the world played volleyball and taught the locals
to play as well, inadvertently spreading the sport to many nations (Oden, 2019).

Oden (2017) outlined the history on volleyball as follows:

 In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men’s Christian Association

(YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball,

tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would

demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball
(at that time called, Mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis and raised

it6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average man’s head (Oden, 2017).

 During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players

seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps “volleyball”

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 would be a more descriptive name for the sport. On July 7, 1896 at Springfield
College the first game of “volleyball” was played.

 1895: William G. Morgan (1870-1942) created the game of volleyball but called the
game Mintonette.

 1896: The first exhibition match of volleyball is played at Springfield College (called
International YMCA Training school in 1896)

 1900: A special ball was designed for the sport.

 1916: In the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory

to be struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced.

 1917: The game was changed from 21 to 15 points.
 1920s: There are unconfirmed whispers of men’s teams playing on the beach in
Hawaii, but most accounts place the sport’s origin in Santa Monica, California
where the first Volleyball courts are put up on the beach at the playground. Families

play 6 vs. 6.
 1920: Three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted

 1922: The first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. 27

teams from 11 states were represented.

 1924: Volleyball was a demonstration event in Summer Olympic game in Paris.

 1928: It became clear that tournaments and rules were needed; the United States

Volleyball Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S.

Open was staged, as the field was open to non-YMCA squads.

 1930s: The first two-man beach volleyball game is played in Santa Monica,

California.
 1934: The approval and recognition of national volleyball referees.

 1937: At the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize the U.S.

Volleyball Association as the official National Governing Body (NGB) in the U.S.
 Late 1940’s: forearm pass introduce to the game (as a desperation play)

 1947: The Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded in Paris

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  1960: New technique added to the game included the soft spike (dink), forearm
pass (bump), blocking across the net, and defensive diving and rolling.

 1964: Volleyball was introduce and official event in Summer Olympic Game in
Tokyo, Japan

 1998: The “libero” was introduced internationally.

 2000 – Service changes when the ball touches the net goes over into opponent’s

court,

Lesson 2. Values in playing Volleyball

When playing volleyball, there are numerous lessons always being taught whether
when you are playing it for fun or competitively and they are mentioned below;

1. Volleyball makes one to be active and be smart

2. Volleyball can also help to boost one’s concentration level

3. Volleyball always makes one improve communication skills (It makes players always
talk to one another)

4. Volleyball always boost one intellect to make some delicate impromptu decision ( it helps
one to improve on decision making)

5. It makes one to always think fast…. The listed above points are volleyball have impacted
my day to day life… As every active sport person achieve; It will help in weight loss and
fitness improvement…

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Lesson 3. Equipment in Volleyball

A. Volleyball Court

The first equipment required to play volleyball. 60 x 30 ft or 18m x 9m - length of

the entire in-play area of the court. Each side of the court is therefore 30 feet by 30 feet in
size. Lines – painted in all white (Olazo, 2013).

Lines on The Court

1. This line is used for servicing the ball to the opponent court behind the end lines
and has a width of 9 meters. The player has to be in the service zone while
jumping or serving.

2. Center Line - is marked at the center of the court dividing it equally into 30 feet
squares (9m), above which the net is placed (Olazo, 2013).

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 3. Attack Line - Attack line, whose rear edge is drawn 3ms back from the axis of the
center line, marks the front zone (Olazo, 2013).

4. Boundary Lines - Two sidelines and two end lines mark the playing court.

Lines on the Court

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 B. Ball

Standard ball

The volleyball shall be spherical, made of flexible leather or synthetic leather case
with a bladder inside, made of rubber or similar material.

Colors: Uniform light color or a combination of colors.

Standard regulation according to FIVB, the ball must:

 Be between 20-27 inches (65-67 cm) in circumference.

 Be between 9-10 oz. (260-280 g)
 Have an inside pressure of 4.26- 4.61 psi or between 0.30 to 0.325 kilograms per
centimeter square.

C. Net and Posts

 Net Posts are positioned 36 feet apart and 3 feet further out from the sideline.

 Net is placed vertically over the center line.

 Top is set at the height of 2.43m for men and 2.24 women

D. Antenna

A flexible rod, 1.80m long and 10mm in diameter, made of fiberglass or similar
material.

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 Assessment Task 1

Search the different Terminology in Volleyball from letter A to Y.

Example: Ace: A serve that results directly in a point, usually when the ball hits the floor
untouched on the receiving team’s side of the court.

Summary

The game of volleyball originally called “mintonette,” was invented in 1895 by

William G. Morgan after the invention of basketball. Morgan, a graduate of the Springfield
College of the YMCA, designed the game to be a combination of basketball, baseball,
tennis, and handball.

Morgan was keen for his sport to offer a less physically intense and demanding
alternative to Naismith’s basketball, one that would appeal to a far broader range of ages
and physical abilities. Describing his early experimentations, he said:

“In search of an appropriate game, tennis occurred to me, but this required rackets,
balls, a net and other equipment, so it was eliminated, but the idea of a net seemed a good
one. We raised it to a height of about 6 feet, 6 inches [1.98 meters] from the ground, just
above the head of an average man. We needed a ball and among those we tried was a
basketball bladder, but this was too light and too slow. We therefore tried the basketball
itself, which was too big and too heavy. .

It was not until 1900 that a specially designed ball - lighter and smaller - was
devised, which opened a whole new range of tactical and technical possibilities for the
sport. The offensive style of setting and spiking was first showcased in 1916, in the
Philippines. Over the years that followed the rules of the sport were further refined and
standardized. In 1917, the scoring system per game was changed from 21 to 15 points,
while in 1920 the rule stipulating a maximum of three hits per team was instituted
(Volleyball: A Brief History, 2015).

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 References

Oden, B. (2017, May 14). Volleyball History 101. Retrieved from liveabout.com:
https://www.liveabout.com/volleyball-history-3429243

Oden, B. (2019, February 22). Volleyball Rules and Regulations. Retrieved from liveabout.com:
liveabout.com/volleyball-rules-and-regulations-3429248

Olazo, J. (2013, December 7). Volleybal. Retrieved from Slideshare.net:

www.slideshare.net/jam18/volleyball-28992188
Patel, A. (2016, September 6). volleyball. Retrieved from scribd.com:
//www.scribd.com/document/323173706/Volleyball

Raymundo, K. (2013, September 27). Volleyball: Basic Rules. Retrieved from slideshare.net:
https://www.slideshare.net/kathrynv3/rules-in-volleyball
Volleyball: A Brief History. (2015, June 30). Retrieved from olympic.org:
https://www.olympic.org/news/volleyball-a-brief-history

Volleyball-New World Encyclopedia. (2009, October 29). Retrieved from

newworldencyclopedia.org: newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Volleyball

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 MODULE 2
Basic Skills in Volleyball

Introduction

Volleyball is a unique and interesting sport. During the game a volleyball athlete
has to play near the front line or near the back line. Oftentimes, a volleyball player has to
shift from offense to defense or from defense to offence.

Obviously, an athlete has to develop different types of volleyball skills in order to

demonstrate the excellent results on the court. Key skills for volleyball include serving,
setting, passing, spiking as well as blocking and digging.

Learning basic volleyball skills needs to be a key part of athlete’s training program.
The job of a volleyball coach is to teach volleyball athletes how to serve, pass, set, hit and
block the ball correctly. Later, a volleyball player has to try to improve his/her skills. In fact,
learning volleyball skills is a journey that never ends. If you succeed in learning these
volleyball skills, then you’ll be able to improve your game significantly and contribute
greatly to your team’s success.

You need to know that it takes volleyball beginners some time to learn basic skills.
So, don’t fall into despair if something goes wrong at the beginning! The reality is, things
don’t always go easily (Tips for Mastering Basic Volleyball Skills, 2019)

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 Learning Outcomes

At the end of this module, students should be able to:

1. Determine the basic skills in volleyball.

2. Classify the proper posture in executing the basic skills in volleyball.
3. Execute the different skills in volleyball.
4. Demonstrate proper posture in doing the different skills in volleyball.

Lesson 1 – Basic Skills in Volleyball

Volleyball is a game consisting of 2 teams in which a ball is hit over a net. the aim
is to score points by making the ball reach the opponent's court. Volleyball has six basic
skills: Serve, Dig, Pass, Set, Spike and Block (Julia, 2015).

1.1 Serve

Volleyball game begins with a serve. If a serve is executed perfectly, a receiving

team will find it hard to handle the ball and organize the attack. And of course, a
volleyball player should aim to serve the ball in the best possible way. It is crucial for a
volleyball player to make a quick serve (Tips for Mastering Basic Volleyball Skills,
2019).

 It is the attempt to drive the ball into the opponent's court.

 There are 2 basic serve: underhand serve and overhand serve.

Underhand Serve

First the player needs to hold the ball with their non-dominant hand, drop the ball
slightly and finally hit the ball with the dominant hand.

Overhand Serve

First hold the ball with the non-dominant hand then toss the ball 2-3 feet in front of
the body and then hit it with the strong and hard surface of the dominant hand.

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1.2 Pass

Passing is also an incredibly important skill for a volleyball player. Let’s say you
have received a ball after serve from the opposing team. Now, your task is to make a pass
to one of your teammates. Clearly, you should strive to pass the ball accurately and make
it easy for a setter to handle it (Tips for Mastering Basic Volleyball Skills, 2019).

 The ability to prevent the ball from touching one's court by bumping or passing the
ball.

How to pass

First the player need to bend their knees for ready position. The player also needs
to make their forefingers perpendicular and thumbs are parallel to each other. Lastly when
the ball is coming, the player need to make sure that their arms are straight and hit the ball
either by wrist and arms.

1.3 Dig

If blockers can’t resist an attack hit. However, even if the ball goes through blockers
you still have a chance to prevent the ball from landing on your side of the court. In this
case, a volleyball player should take advantage of digging to stop the ball from hitting the
ground.

 The attempt by a team to properly handle the opponent's serve or any form of
attack.

How to dig

Almost same as pass because it is both an attempt to receive ball properly,

but unlike in pass, in dig a player can use different parts of their bodies such as hands,
foot, arms and sometimes legs just to save the ball.

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1.4 Set

Setting means the beginning of a volleyball attack. A setter receives the pass and
sets the ball. After that, an attacker carries out an attack hit. It’s worth noting that a properly
executed set increases the chance of an effective attack hit.

 A tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point where a player can spike it in the
opponent's court.

How to set

First a player need to make sure that their hand can accommodate the shape of
the ball then set or toss the ball above the head by pushing the ball and extending their
arms.

1.5 Spike

 An act of scoring the ball over the net into the opposing court effectively and
aggressively.

How to spike

First the dominant foot should take the first step and then follow by the non-
dominant foot. For example right-left foot step then fast right-left foot steps then jump and
hit the ball.

1.6 Block

Blocking is an integral part of a volleyball team’s defense. Each time an opposing

team makes an attempt to organize an attack hit, volleyball blockers should do everything
possible to resist it. It’s important to point out that it’s not allowed to block serves. In order
to succeed in volleyball blocking, you need to position yourself on the court properly and
prepare for resisting an attack hit.

 An action taken by players by standing or jumping at the front of the net to stop or
alter an opponent's attack.

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 How to Block

First a player should be in a ready position: bend knees and elbows, and
hands are raise in front of the face. The blocker should be alert and ready to run
left or right the moment the setter set the ball to the spiker. The blocker needs to
jump straight with extended arms and spread fingers.

For further explanation about volleyball skills, here are some video
references you can watch.

1. Underhand Serve and Overhand Serve- https://youtu.be/SnG7XJDunzs

2. Dig - https://youtu.be/MAFi2kguhYs

3. Pass- https://youtu.be/gOgfoEGUDCA

4. Toss - https://youtu.be/h5mpBCRK_yk

5. Spike- https://youtu.be/VrMI1dpV8c0

6. Block- https://youtu.be/amVtOHl4TAk

Assessment Task 2

1. Make a video of yourself doing the basic skills of volleyball UNDERHAND SERVE,
OVERHAND SERVE and Controlling.
 In underhand and overhand - show the proper way of serving. Do three (3) underhand
and overhand
 In controlling the ball - Ten (10) times using your hand in PASSING position and ten
(10) times using your hand in SETTING position.
2. You may use any kind of ball in case there is no available volleyball.

Note: Send your video to your teacher’s google drive. FORMAT for your file name:
Surname_Yr&Section_VolleyballSkill

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Summary

The six basic volleyball skills are passing, setting, spiking, blocking, digging and
serving. Passing is often thought of as the most important skill in volleyball. If one cannot
pass the serve, then you will not be able to score a point. The importance of serving is
often undervalued. Blocking is perhaps the least taught skill in volleyball.

Players can get away with poor blocking skills because not blocking isn't going to
hurt the team as much as being poor at executing other skills in volleyball.
Digging is another skill that isn't focused on quite as much as most skills in volleyball.
The setter position is considered to be the most important position in volleyball. The setter
basically runs the team offense.

References

Julia, L. R. (2015, March 24). Volleyball Basic Skills. Retrieved from slideshare.net:
https://www.slideshare.net/einelailuj/volleyball

Tadlock, L. (2018, December 11). Volleyball Referee Rules and Hand Signals. Retrieved from
sportrec.com: https://www.sportsrec.com/6710453/volleyball-referee-rules-hand-
signals
Tips for Mastering Basic Volleyball Skills. (2019, September 12). Retrieved from
bramptonvolleyball.ca: http://bramptonvolleyball.ca/tips-mastering-basic-volleyball-
skills/

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 MODULE 3
Common Rules and Violations in Volleyball

Introduction

Volleyball is a team sport where two teams, typically with six players on each team,
are separated by a net. The players on the two teams hit an inflated ball back and forth
over the net, trying to avoid having the ball hit the ground on their side of the net. To put it
in simple terms, volleyball is a team sport in which the goal is to keep the ball alive while it
is on your side of the net but to kill the rally by putting the ball down on your opponent’s
side of the net (Oden, 2019).

Volleyball is an exciting, fast-paced sport. It has been an official part of the Summer
Olympic Games since 1964 (Volleyball-New World Encyclopedia, 2009).

Oden (2019), cited that the complete set of rules for volleyball is extremely
extensive and volleyball rules can be difficult to keep up with as they often change.
However, many of the central, most critical rules of the sport remain the same.

Oden (2019) also added that volleyball is one of the most malleable sports because
it is played in many variations and on many different surfaces.

Volleyball can be played in teams, with anywhere between two and six players.
Indoor volleyball is usually played with six players on each team. Beach volleyball is often
played with two players. Four-person volleyball is often seen in grass tournaments and
also occasionally on the beach (Oden, 2019).

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 Learning Outcomes

At the end of this module, students should be able to:

1. Explain the common rules and violation that the players can commit during the
game.
2. Identify the rules, violation, and hand signals in volleyball.
3. Explain the importance of knowing the rules and violations in volleyball.

Lesson 1. Basic Rules and Regulations in Volleyball

(Raymundo, 2013)

1.1. The Toss

Before the match, the first referee carries out a toss to decide upon the first service and
the sides of the court in the first set.

 If a deciding set is to be played, a new toss will be carried out.

 The winner of the toss chooses:

 Either the right to serve or to receive the service

 or the side of the court.

 The loser takes the remaining choice.
 In the case of consecutive warm-ups, the team that has the first service takes the

first turn at the net.

1.2. The Serve

 Server must serve from behind the restraining line (end line) until after contact.
 Ball may be served underhand or overhand.
 Ball must be clearly visible to opponent before serve.
 Served ball may graze the net and drop to the other side.
 First game serve is determined by a volley, each subsequent game shall be served
by the previous game loser.
1.3. Rotation
 Team will rotate each time they win the serve

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  Players shall rotate in a clockwise manner
 There shall be 6 players on each side
1.4. Playing the Game
 Maximum of three hits per side
 Player may not hit the ball twice in succession.
 Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on serve
 A ball touching a boundary line is good.
 A legal hit is contact with the ball by a player body above and including the waist
which does not allow the ball to visibly come to a rest.
 A player must not block or attack a serve
 Switching positions will be allowed only between front line players
1.5. To win a set
 A set is won by the team which first scores 25 points with a minimum lead of two
points. In the case of a 24-24 tie, play is continued until a two-point lead is

achieved (26-24; 27-25; …). (except the deciding, 5th set) Opponent’s team
commits a fault
1.6. To win a match
 The match is won by the team that wins three sets.
 In the case of a 2-2 tie, the deciding set (the 5th) is played to 15 points with a

minimum lead of 2 points.

1.7. Basic Violations

 Stepping on or over the line on a serve.
 Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.
 Hitting the ball illegally.
 Touches of the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play.
 Reaching over the net.
Except:
1. When executing a follow through
2. When blocking a ball which is in the opponents’ court but is being returned
 Reaches under the net.
 Failure to serve in the correct order.

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  Blocks or spikes from a position which is clearly not behind the 10-foot line while in
a back-row position.

Assessment Task 3

1. What do you think is the importance of knowing the rules and violations in the game?
2. Identify the numerical rotation of the players in volleyball.
3. Give and define the roles of each players in Playing Court.

Summary

Note: Save your answer on a document file and kindly send the file on your teacher’s gmail account.
FORMAT for your file name: Surname_Yr&Section_ title

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 Summary

Volleyball is a globally recognized sport that found its origins in the United States
of America. In fact, worldwide, volleyball is second on the “popular list,” only behind soccer.
Play is started by a player on one side serving the ball over the net into the opponents'
field or court. The opponents then, without allowing the ball to strike the floor, return it, and
it is in this way kept going back and forth until one side fails to return it or it hits the floor.
This counts a "score" for one side, or a "server out" for the other, depending on the side in
point. The game consists of nine innings, each side serving a certain number of times, as
per the rules, per inning (Oden, Volleyball Rules and Regulations, 2019).

There are many variations to the game of volleyball. Where volleyball is played,
along with how it is scored can vary widely. Volleyball can be played on hardwood, grass,
sand or asphalt, using rally or side-out scoring. Volleyball matches can be played as one
game or as the best of three or best of five sets. As far as scoring, volleyball can be played
to 15, 25, 30 or any number of points technically.

Play begins with one team serving the ball to the other. Each time the ball crosses
over the net, a team gets three contacts before they must send the ball back to the
opponent's side. Ideally, the three contacts will be a pass, set and hit, but it can be three
passes or any other combination of contacts as long as they are legal contacts.

The rally (or volley) continues until the ball hits the ground or one of the rules is
broken. The team that is not responsible for the end of the rally then gets a point.

Oden (2019) enumerated what she termed as “No-No’s in Volleyball

You cannot:
 Touch the net while making a play on the ball
 Step on the back line while serving (foot fault)
 Contact the ball more than three times on a side (A block doesn't count as
a contact)
 Lift or push the ball Play the ball over the net outside of the antennas
 Contact the ball twice in a row (unless the first contact was a block)

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 The first team to score the agreed upon number of points wins the game. You must
win by at least two points. The teams switch sides, the next game starts with a score of 0-
0 and play starts again. In a best-of-five match, the team who wins three sets wins the
match (Oden, Volleyball Rules and Regulations, 2019).

References

Oden, B. (2019, February 22). Volleyball Rules and Regulations. Retrieved from liveabout.com:
liveabout.com/volleyball-rules-and-regulations-3429248

Raymundo, K. (2013, September 27). Volleyball: Basic Rules. Retrieved from slideshare.net:
https://www.slideshare.net/kathrynv3/rules-in-volleyball
Volleyball-New World Encyclopedia. (2009, October 29). Retrieved from
newworldencyclopedia.org: newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Volleyball

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