PENERJEMAHAN DASAR IND - ING

Ayu Bandu Retnomurti

Below are several items you have to pay close attention to if you are translating a certain text:
I. Articles. In English, nouns are usually preceded by the articles a, an or the. In the
Indonesian language, articles or artikula have a different function ( see Tata bahasa baku
bahasa Indonesia). Usually nouns in bahasa Indonesia do not use any articles.
Artikula in bahasa Indonesia are for example:
sang, sri, hang, dang, para, si, yang:
1. Yang laki-laki duduk sebelah kiri, yang
perempuan duduk sebelah kanan.
The men sit on the left side and the women sit
on the right.
Yang …  The; … yang  … the …
Pay attention: … duduk sebelah kiri …
… duduk sebelah kanan …
no articles at all in this phrase, but look at
the English phrases:
… sit on the left …
… sit on the right
2. ……………………………………………..
Datanglah sang pengganti laksana pangeran
dari kayangan, lepas santai berlenggang-kangkung
……………………………………………………………
Then came his replacement, descending on the Indies like a prince from the heaven,
relaxed and as if without a care in the world

II. The past . Bhasa Indoensai does not have any tenses. In bahasa
Indonesia the past is not always indicated by the word “telah” or "yang lalu". The
context in the sentence or certain word(s) or phrase(s) that indicate(s) a certain period in
the sentence may say the right tense, for example:
 Jaman van Heutz itu, jaman militer dengan sorak sorai kemenangan dan ratap
tangis kekalahan, seperti maling dengan diam-diam lari ke kuburannya sendiri.
The epoch of van Heutz, of the triumphant cheers of victory, of the tormented wailing
of defeat, disappeared like a thief sculling off to find his own grave.

III. Plurality.
In bahasa Indonesia general ideas are expressed in singular form.
On the other hand, in English general ideas are expressed in plural form.
Non-singularity in bahasa Indonesia which can be in the form of reduplication of the noun
form may refer to more than one, though reduplication is not identical with plurality. This is
different in English, in the English language plurality has its special rule.
For example:
 Ikan berenang, burung beterbangan, manusia berpikir.
 Fish swim, birds fly, men think.
 Mata sedunia tertuju pada presiden pertama di Tiongkok ini, semua menunggu-
nunggu tindakan apa yang akan diambil.
 The eyes of the world were on this first president of China as all the world waited
to see what he would do.

IV. The word bagaimana is a question word to form an interrogative

sentence, not a relative adverb to begin a clause. Thus the word how in English is not
always translated into bagaimana.
For example:
1. Saya tidak mengerti mengapa perubahan itu bisa terjadi ?
I do not understand how this has change come about.
2. Cara orang berupaya belajar mengajar merupakan pokok bahasan Bab 2.
How one goes about learning to teach is the subject of chapter 2.