Visit to Sewage Treatment Plant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com
https://nrcd.nic.in/writereaddata/FileUpload/NewItem_210_Inventorization_of_
Sewage-Treatment_Plant.pdf

Program Name: Visit to Sewage Treatment Plant

Place of Visit:-Baranagar Kamarhati Sewage Treatment Plant, Kolkata
Date:-

Introduction or Sewage Treatment

Sewage is the wastewater released by residences, businesses and industries in a
community.It is 99.94% water, with only 0.06% dissolved and suspendedsolid
material.
Sewage treatment or wastewater treatment is the process of removing
contaminants from wastewater. Physical, chemical, and biological processes are
used to remove contaminants and produce treated wastewater. A by-product of
sewage treatment is a semi-solid waste or slurry, called sludge. The sludge has
to undergo further treatment before being suitable for disposal or further use.

Categories of Sewage Treatment

The three main types of sewage treatment processing facilities listed below:
1. Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP)
An ETP is a plant where the treatment of industrial effluents and waste
waters is doneThe ETP plants are widelyused by leading companies in
the pharmaceutical and chemical industry to purify.

2. Sewage Treatment Plants (STP)

Sewage treatmentis the process of removing contaminants from
wastewater and household sewage, both runoff (effluents) and domestic.It
includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical,
chemical and biological contaminants.
Visit to Sewage Treatment Plant

3. Common and Combined Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP)

The Ministry of Environment & Forest, Govt. of India has launched the
centrally sponsored scheme, namely, Common Effluent Treatment Plant
(CETP) in order to make a cooperative movement of pollution control
especially to treat the effluent, emanating from the clusters of compatible
Small-Scale Industries.

Steps of water Treatment

Sewage treatment generally involves three stages - primary, secondary and
tertiary treatment.
Pre-treatment removes materials that can be easily collected from the raw
wastewater before they damage or clog the pumps and skimmers of primary
treatment clarifiers. The influent sewage water is strained to remove all large
objects carried in the sewage stream.
 Primary Treatment:
Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding the sewage in a quiescent
basin commonly called “primary clarifiers” or “primary sedimentation tanks”,
where heavy solids can settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids
float to the surface. The settled and floating materials are removed and the
remaining liquid may be discharged or subjected to secondary treatment.
 Secondary treatment:
Secondary treatment is designed to substantially degrade the biological content
of the sewage which is derived from human waste, food waste, soaps and
detergent. This is typically performed by indigenous, water-borne micro-
organisms in a managed habitat. Secondary treatment may require a separation
process to remove the micro-organisms from the treated water prior to discharge
or tertiary treatment.
 Tertiary treatment:
Tertiary treatment is sometimes defined as anything more than primary and
secondary treatment in order to allow ejection into a highly sensitive or fragile
ecosystem (estuaries, low-flow rivers, coral reefs etc.). Treated water is
sometimes disinfected chemically or physically prior tofurther use.
Visit to Sewage Treatment Plant

How much gallons of wastewater treated everyday / capacity of sewage

Benefits
The main benefit of sewage treatment is maintaining clean water for reuse. Butit
has various other benefits as well.
 Waste Reduction
Through the treatment of wastewater, the amount of waste that is usually
released into the environment is reduced thus improving environment’s health.
 Energy Production
The sludge collected during the treatment process is itself treated to produce
methane gas, which is harvested and then burned to generate electricity.
 Fertilizer Production
Any biodegradable material remaining is dried and is then turned into natural
fertilizer. 

Conclusion
In summary, the combination of these benefits along with water production
makes wastewater treatment a sustainable short and long-term solution to the
world’s water crisis.