Proceedings,16th

Bergamo, IFAC
Italy, June Symposium
11-13, 2018 on
Proceedings,16th IFAC Symposium on
Information Control Problems in Manufacturing
Information Control Problems in
Proceedings,16th IFAC Symposium on Manufacturing
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Bergamo, Italy, June
Proceedings,16th 11-13,
IFAC 2018
Symposium on
Bergamo, Italy,
Information June
Control 11-13,
Problems2018
in Manufacturing
Information Control
Bergamo, Italy, JuneProblems in Manufacturing
11-13, 2018
Bergamo, Italy, June 11-13, 2018 ScienceDirect
Advanced Techniques for Assets Maintenance Management
IFAC PapersOnLine 51-11 (2018) 205–210
Advanced
Advanced Techniques
Techniques for
for Assets Maintenance
AssetsA.Crespo*,
Maintenance Management
Management
A. de la Fuente*, V. González-Prida**, J. F. Gómez*, A. Guillén*
Advanced Techniques for Assets  Maintenance Management
Advanced
A.
A. de
de la
Techniques
la Fuente*,
Fuente*, V.
for Assets
V. González-Prida**,
Maintenance
González-Prida**, A.Crespo*,
A.Crespo*, J.
J. F.
Management
F. Gómez*,
Gómez*, A.
A. Guillén*
Guillén*

* University of Seville, A. de(e-mails:
la Fuente*, V. González-Prida**,
adolfo@us.es, 
juan.gomez@iies.es,A.Crespo*, J. F. Gómez*, A. Guillén*
antoniodela84@gmail.com, ajguillen@us.es,).
**University of A.
Seville de &la Fuente*,
UNED V.
(e-mail: González-Prida**,  A.Crespo*, J. F. Gómez*, A. Guillén*
vicente.gonzalezprida@gdels.com)
** University of Seville, (e-mails: adolfo@us.es,
University of Seville, (e-mails: adolfo@us.es, juan.gomez@iies.es, juan.gomez@iies.es,
 antoniodela84@gmail.com,
antoniodela84@gmail.com, ajguillen@us.es,). ajguillen@us.es,).
**University
* University of
**University of Seville
ofSeville, & UNED
Seville (e-mails: (e-mail:
& UNED adolfo@us.es, vicente.gonzalezprida@gdels.com)
juan.gomez@iies.es, antoniodela84@gmail.com, ajguillen@us.es,).
(e-mail: vicente.gonzalezprida@gdels.com)
* University of
**University ofSeville,
Seville (e-mails:
& UNED adolfo@us.es, juan.gomez@iies.es, antoniodela84@gmail.com, ajguillen@us.es,).
(e-mail: vicente.gonzalezprida@gdels.com)
Abstract:
**University of The
Seville aim&of UNEDthis paper
(e-mail: is tovicente.gonzalezprida@gdels.com)
remark the importance of new and advanced techniques supporting
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1. INTRODUCTION 
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2405-8963
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the historical ©© 2018,
2018 IFAC (International
IFAC
development Federation ofseveral
of maintenance, Automatic Control)
models 205Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2018 IFAC
Peer review under responsibility of International Federation of Automatic Control. 205
Copyright © 2018 IFAC
10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.260 205
Copyright © 2018 IFAC 205
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and BPMN models are developed theoretically and then
implemented in a prototype hardware + software by
integration. The integration system is implemented as
software which controls variables related to the principal
failure modes occurring in the transformer system, by means
of probes assembled in various mechanical devices. The
derived information (signals) is used as an input for decision-
making in real time. To achieve this end, a mathematical
algorithm has been developed to interpret the measurement
results of one or more physical variables, emerging the
“economical-maintenance prognosis” process. The developed
demonstration software includes also features as: a real-time
monitoring panel, a panel of risk comparison, a geographic
information system and a knowledge management system.
Some ideas for the future of the project are oriented to add a
complete Reliability Analysis module, and to improve the
interoperability and transmission of information between
different systems and platforms.
2.3 Prognostics and health management in advanced
maintenance systems
Guillén et Al. (2016a) remark the importance of using the
existing methodologies for the design and implementation of
maintenance policies: it is indeed essential to consider the
capabilities of CBM/PHM in the development of a RCM
process, especially in high-tech complex engineering
systems, for full exploitation of the PHM potential. On the
whole, the chapter provides a handy synthesis of the PHM
potential into a framework for a system maintenance
management: in fact, we believe that the research finding will
contribute fixing the role of PHM in relationship to
consolidated matters as the maintenance policies design and
RCM framework. PHM impact on maintenance policies can
modify levels and lines of maintenance (changing the actions
that can be executed on a system and defining who runs the
actions). The information actually available by PHM may
also modify the assets indenture levels for maintenance
definition, and may even render new maintenance actions
convenient, contributing to extend the levels of maintenance.
2.4 A framework for effective management of CBM
Programs
The CBM framework, as presented by Guillén et Al. (2016b),
fulfils consistency and robustness by using precise standards
and well-known methodologies requirements. This
framework stresses the importance of key concepts (such as
fault detection, diagnosis & prognosis), and describes the key
building blocks for the characterization of any CBM solution.
The framework and template have been exemplified for an
electrical power transformer CBM solution. An UML model
has been developed theoretically and implemented
integrating databases in a prototype + software, which has
been validated in practice, thanks to proper interoperability of
well-known proprietary information systems.
3. PURSUING HIGH MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS
IN A DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Criticality analysis for maintenance purposes
206
Crespo et Al. (2015) design a process and model for
criticality analysis with the idea to easy the maintenance
planning process. The methodology ensures analysis
consistency to business needs and for existing data of in-
service complex engineering assets. At the same time, there is
an effort to describe how to turn this process into a practical
management tool. Issues arising related to extensive data
handling and easy result representations are addressed. The
authors believe that this type of analysis will become a must
for complex in-service asset maintenance strategy review and
redesign. Further research can use this methodology for the
improvement of specific operational scenarios or to refine the
different steps of the process presented in this work.
3.2 AHP method according to a changing environment
González-Prida et Al., (2014) describe how the well-known
AHP method can be dynamically applied within the area of
maintenance. This reference adds the possibility to track,
over time and on a common scale, those variables
(alternatives) becoming more relevant to the business when
strategy is changing dynamically according to emerging
needs. This can add value to managers by identifying trends
of issues becoming critical to the business, and can foster
more proactive business behaviour. A new modified version
of the AHP methodology, called Dynamic Analytic
Hierarchy Process (DAHP), has been developed and
presented in this chapter. Using DAHP, a case study is
presented where this tool uses the tendency of each failure
mode in time to enable the manager a better selection of
possible maintenance policies over time. The case study
shows that the fact of decision constraints that change
gradually with each adopted decision is a phenomenon that
occurs in highly dynamic systems, so the criticalities resulted
affected by changes in the production plan. In other words,
the feedback of decision taken at time t influences the AHP
parameters at time t+1.
3.3 Reliability stochastic modelling for repairable physical
assets
According to Viveros et Al. (2016), the reliability model is an
essential aspect for the management and optimization of
physical industrial assets. This reference stresses the learning
process required for the proper implementation of this type of
models. This research includes a very explicative procedure
for the modelling of repairable industrial assets reliability.
The study includes the possibility of different degradation
levels, where the assets could be placed after specific
maintenance activities. A case study was developed for the
mining industry of Chile. The performance of assets under
ideal conditions (lab test) is extremely different compared to
real process operational conditions.
3.4 Economic impact of a failure using life cycle cost
analysis
Parra et Al. (2012) present an analysis of the impact of the
lack of reliability on asset’s life cycle cost. It is also
important to mention that, for the LCCA, there is room for
improvement in the impact of reliability assessment, by using
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advanced mathematical methods such as: (i) Stochastic more accurate, resulting repair or replacement decisions more
methods; (ii) Advanced maintenance optimization using accountable.
genetic algorithms; (iii) Monte Carlo simulation techniques;
(iv) Advanced reliability distribution analyses; (v) Markov 4.2 Customer-oriented risk assessment in network utilities
simulation methods. See Table 1 for a list of the stochastic
processes that can be used in the reliability analysis of Gómez et Al. (2016a) discuss about the relationship between
repairable systems. This consideration will support the loyalty of customer and service reliability. The methodology
decision-making process. proposed in this chapter is focused on analysing the economic
implications of maintenance and the occurrence (and
Table 1. Stochastic processes used in reliability analysis reoccurrence) of failures in different scenarios, calculating
of repairable systems the economic risk of the failure and comparing it with the
Stochastic Background/Diff costs of prevention. It can be appreciated how maintenance
Uses performance affects the offered and the perceived quality by
process iculty
Spare parts provisioning in the the customers, and how investments in maintenance activities
Renewal case of arbitrary failure rates Renewal (especially preventive/predictive) represent economic
process and negligible replacement or theory/Medium
repair time (Poisson process)
advantages. In the cases analysed in the a.m. reference,
Alternating One-item repairable investment in preventive maintenance actions has a direct
Renewal
renewal (renewable) structure with
theory/Medium
effect is reducing customer’s abandonment rates, besides
process arbitrary failure and repair rates diminishing the costs of corrective activities. The
Systems of arbitrary structure
whose elements have constant
methodology presented is demonstrated to be useful when
Differential comparing different technical or management alternatives, or
failure and repair rates during
Markov equations or
the stay time sojourn time) in to determine whether the investment in preventive/predictive
process (MP) integral
every state (not necessarily at a maintenance has been profitable. Another important insight is
equations/Low
state (change, e.g. because of
related to the assessment of maintenance in network
load sharing)
Some systems whose elements distribution companies. Taking into account the impacts of
Semi-Markov have constant or Erlangian Integral risks, allows maintenance management to be accountable and
process failure rates (Erlang distributed equations/Mediu comparable with other organizations or reference standards,
(SMP) failure-free times) and arbitrary m from different areas and levels of detail, identifying
repair rates
Systems with only one repair improvements in network reliability and ensuring service
Semi- crew, arbitrary structure, and quality from customer, business and society perspectives.
Integral
Regenerative whose elements have constant
equations/High
process failure rates and arbitrary repair 4.3 Analysis of dynamic reliability surveillance
rates
Partial diff. eq.;
Non- Systems of arbitrary structure
case by base
Gómez et Al. (2016b) suggest applying an ANN model per
regenerative whose elements have arbitrary failure mode and a practical implementation in SCADA
sol./High to very
process failure and repair rates
high systems for different plants. Furthermore, advanced ANN
models could be applied when supporting additional
variables. A process-oriented management ensures proper
4. ADVANCED METHODS AND TECHNIQUES TO decision-making by controlling process performance as a way
IMPROVE MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY to pursue effectiveness and efficiency. Maintenance decision-
making will rely importantly on reliable and available
4.1 On-line reliability and risk to schedule the preventive information and knowledge, to control possible variation of
maintenance in network utilities assets performance. The trend can be automated through the
easy use of statistic techniques and diagnostic tools,
Crespo et Al. (2013) present a methodology that can generate
facilitating its control and proper knowledge management.
suitable estimations of risk per critical failure mode. This can
help in the process of releasing PM activities for these assets, 5. THE NEED FOR INNOVATION IN ASSESSMENT
minimizing them, as well as minimizing CM activities by AND CONTROL
increasing reliability. Minimization of maintenance activities
can increase asset durability and considerably reduce network 5.1 A quantitative graphical analysis to support maintenance
technical deterioration. This methodology also offers
managers the possibility of controlling maintenance budgets Barberá et Al. (2012) presents an innovative method named
based on asset risk expectations for a certain period, because: Graphical Analysis for Maintenance Management (GAMM).
This method is a graphical tool providing useful information
Management of spare parts can now be improved by regarding the reliability and maintainability of systems or
considering times to deterioration instead of times to failure. equipment for analysis when considering variables such as
Asset depreciation can be better defined, according to type of intervention, duration of intervention or the existence
reliability and original purchasing value. Obviously, the of a stop during the intervention of the equipment/system.
equipment reliability affects aging equipment depreciating The GAMM graphics described in that reference illustrate
the equipment from this purchase value. Consequently, aspects related to: trend of maintenance interventions,
proper maintenance strategies may ensure that assets value is deviation in the frequency of preventive interventions,
reliability modelling, efficiency of maintenance operations,

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impact by unavailability, quality in the intervention
performance, quality in the use and operation of equipment
by staff responsible of it, among others. Successful results of
GAMM implementation requires experience and advanced
knowledge about the maintenance management process. In
Barberá et Al. (2013a-b), GAMM is applied to determine and
graphically characterize the deficiencies of the slurry pump
that presents an elevated failure rate. Once the information
provided by GAMM is compared to the technical information
of the pump, the causes of the problems could be identified.
Several measures were adopted to eliminate these causes. The
GAMM method could also support the decision-making
process for the definition of a new maintenance plan.
5.2 A graphical method to support operation performance
assessment
Viveros et Al. (2015) present another graphical method
(GAOM), which integrates the main maintenance and
production indicators, mainly: cumulative production,
intervention times (corrective maintenance, preventive and
operational interventions) and time between
failures/intervention. With GAOM it is possible to identify
individual or systemic phenomenon, measuring, evaluating or
auditing the impact of decision related to operational
procedures or maintenance policies or strategies; as well as
incorporating the tool as a “big picture” of process
performance, supporting to control operation and
maintenance management. GAOM summarizes and
complements the decision process to reduce production losses
and thus maximizing business benefits. The GAOM method
consists of seven input information and one optional
production data (production target). The information is
classified as "intervention" (number of intervention, type of
intervention, and stopped/not stopped equipment);
"production" (cumulative production and defective products)
and "time" (calendar accumulated time and time
intervention). GAOM, through a preliminary analysis,
manages to answer all original questions, demonstrating its
effectiveness to support in a joint and independent manner,
maintenance and production areas.
6. CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT THROUGH
EMERGENT PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGIES
6.1 Value-driven engineering of e-maintenance platforms
Innovations measures and internal proposals in organizational
culture could be established in order to avoid complacency
and regression, encouraging a move towards sustainable
world class maintenance. Nowadays, in almost all
maintenance tasks, some new technology is to be used and
some new concepts need to be mastered. Defining the
common bases of knowledge and the support of appropriate
technologies based on adequate foundation is critical. There
is a variety of technological tools and innovation measures in
order to gain knowledge as a competitive advantage in asset
management. For instance, in reference Macchi et Al. (2014),
a starting point is presented to further develop the theory of
value assessment of E-maintenance. Missing issues are the
analysis of intangible values as well as the complete coverage
208
of technologies and processes target of interest for the
development of applied services.
6.2 Assistance to dynamic maintenance tasks by ANN based
models
Olivencia et Al. (2015) presents a work related to PV Plants,
where managers want to ensure critical equipment reliability
and maximum extension of their life cycle. This reference
suggests again the application of an ANN model per failure
mode and fosters a practical implementation in SCADA
systems for different plants. This methodology may ease and
may improve decision-making processed in condition-based
maintenance and risk modelling, enabling reductions of
corrective maintenance direct and indirect costs or allowing
showing residual life until total equipment failure.
6.3 Expected impact quantification based on reliability
assessment
In Kristjampoller et Al. (2016), the FEI methodology is
presented, which is a powerful tool that can be used in
various phases of an industrial project via life cycle cost
analysis (LCCA) for design-oriented operations, such as
CAPEX and OPEX, which are associated with the
improvement process. This proposal complements plant
modelling and analysis, from traditional methodologies.
6.4 Influence of the input load on the reliability of the
grinding line
The methodology developed and proposed by Barberá et Al.
(2014), aims to support the decision making process in the
field of maintenance management, operation and reliability
analysis so that such decisions remain aligned with the
vision, strategy and objectives of the company. As a future
research in this field, the development of tools to integrate
and re-late reliability knowledge, workloads and the state in
which the equipment or sub-systems are operating (failure,
preventive or operational stop) is suggested. This kind of tool
will make easier the analysis and decision-making in asset
management and maintenance in industrial organizations. A
computer system that monitors online system behaviour
could be developed, assessing workload for which the
system/equipment is configured, linking it directly with the
reliability curve that corresponds to the load. This
information is useful for managing maintenance guidelines,
control failures and their causes, energizing maintenance
plans and to analyse features of the accelerated wear
phenomena and its possible causes.
7. CONCLUSIONS
Asset management is a relevant topic both for academic and
industry at the moment. Therefore, there are many interesting
references available on this topic besides the ones here
presented. It is not in the target of this paper to provide any
comparison with other researches which would adopt
alternative tools/techniques, or to show advantages and
limitations among different approaches.
On the contrary, the aim of this paper has been to highlight
the importance of advanced techniques for decision making
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in assets management, from an original framework presented
by Crespo Márquez (2006), to a new advanced management
framework shown in Crespo et Al. (2017), whose main
references has been reviewed in this paper, defining and
improving business policies and work procedures during
asset lifecycle.
In this sense, the existence of increasingly complex
equipment and processes, the increase in the number of
assets, the speed of technological change, the need to reduce
costs in the modern world, together with increases in the level
of excellence of commercial goals such as quality and
delivery time, and concern for the safety of workers and the
environment, make asset management an important source of
benefits and competitive advantages for present and future
world class enterprises. This paper has analysed above
mentioned factors, and has identified different areas where
research lines connected to assets management topics could
be developed, contributing by this way not only to academic
knowledge, but also to the industrial practice:
 Maintenance policy selection (mainly in section 2).
 After-sales management (mainly in section 3).
 Knowledge management (mainly in section 6).
 Critical asset and infrastructure management
(mainly in section 3).
 Asset life-cycle management (mainly in section 6).
 After-sales maintenance (mainly in section 3).
 Performance measurement system (mainly in section
4).
 Sensors and health monitoring systems (mainly in
section 5).
 Reliability centred maintenance (mainly in sensor
4).
 Building information modelling (mainly in section
2).
 Advanced maintenance techniques (mainly in
section 4).
 The set-up process (mainly in section 5).
Besides the importance of new and advanced techniques for
asset maintenance management already highlighted by this
paper, future research lines can deepen in the topic appraising
critically the perspectives of the different techniques
presented.
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