Time-weighted Variables are N

based on the extent of their

actual duration and have to be
weighted with these duration

{N(t), 0 ≤ t ≤ T}

E{N} and σN2

Time

Important to remember that it is meaningful to gather statistical

results from a simulation run only when the simulated system is in
steady state

Copyright 2002, Sanjay K. Bose 21

Observed Means and Variances

∑W
1
Observed Mean WO = j
K j =1
Observation
Based Variable K

∑ (W
1
Observed Variance σ WO
2
= − WO ) 2
( K − 1)
j
j =1

T
1
Observed Mean NO =
T ∫ N (t )dt
t =0
Time Weighted
Variable
1 
T
σ NO = ∫
 N (t ) dt  − N O
2 2 2
Observed Variance
T t = 0 

Copyright 2002, Sanjay K. Bose 22

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