Agusan Colleges Inc.

Module in
Ling201
A scientific study of language that involves analyising the many different aspects that
make up human language by looking at its form, structure and context

Chrizelle Mae G. Rodriguez

Colleges Instructor

Students Name
This module focuses on teaching introduction to linguistics and its parts. The aim of this course is to
make you aware of the complex organization and systematic nature of language, the primary means
of human communication. In a sense, you will be studying yourself, since you are a prime example of
a language user. Most of your knowledge of language, however, is unconscious, and the part of
language that you can describe is largely the result of your earlier education, which may have given
you confused, confusing, or misleading notions about language. This course is intended to clarify your
ideas about language and bring you to a better understanding of
its nature.

This course will address the following subdomains of

linguistics during the course:

Phonetics- The physical properties of language forms

(e.g., sounds)
Phonology – The psychological representation of
language sounds
Morphology – How language combines into words
Syntax – How words combine to form phrases and
sentences
Semantics – The meaning of words, phrases and sentences
Pragmatics – How sentences are used in context
Psycholinguistics – How language interacts with cognition and reasoning

Looks hard? Don’t worry this module will

make sure you fully understand this.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, the students should be able to:
1. Identify what is language.
2. Explain the definition of Linguistics.
3. Differentiate phonetics and phonology.
4. Know how language is structured using syntax.
5. Fully understand how sound translate to meanings.
6. Summarize the meaningful units of Language.
7. Apply the basic linguistic terminology.
8. Appreciate the importance of linguistic factors in life

Chapter One:

 Language

 Linguist or experts with different definition of language.

 Model of language function
o General function of language
 Purposes and Function of Language
 Communicative Competence Hi! My name
is Chrizelle
and welcome to LING 201. Today
is the start of you 2nd phase in
your college years.
The Situation of the world
Reminders: All Activities and Assessments must be submitted
isn’t something to sneeze at but
through online within 48 hours every lesson 
the dedication you have to finish
your studies is even greater.
The road to success isn’t
easy but if you are willing to learn
pursue your dreams then I will
help you.
So LET BEGIN!
Opening Question:

What can you say about the picture and how can you describe it?

Taken
from:
https://images.app.goo.gl/oSUsbF72RhvzePmAA

Do you have any idea how to define a language? Care to share

your thoughts?

Send your thoughts in my facebook account : https://www.facebook.com/chrizellemae

Gmail account: chrizellemaerodriguezlpt@gmail.com
 Lesson 1 Day 1: Language can be simply defined as
follows:
1. Language follows a rule-governed system.
2. Language is a communication by voice in the distinctively human manner, using
arbitrary sounds in the conventional ways with conventional meaning; speech
3. Language is a set of symbols/word based determined by individual preference.
4. The aforementioned symbols/words are either spoken or visual
5. Those symbols / words carry their customary or traditional meanings to which they
refer.
6. Language is utilized for communication
7. Language function in a speech communication or culture
8. Language is significantly human, although possibly not restricted to humans.
9. Language is acquired and/or learned by all human speaking communities.

Here are some definitions of language coming from linguists or

experts:

Language is a system of signals

conforming to the rules which constitute Language is speech. Speech is
its grammar. It is a set of culturally language. The written record is
transmitted behavior pattern shared by a but a secondary representation of
group of individuals the language.

Joseph Greenberg Charles Fries

Language is a system which

Language is a code: a set of elements… relates meanings to
forms composed of sounds, letters, their substance. It is a mental
combination…into word, sentences, etc.. phenomenon that is innate.
used for communication between All children in the world
individuals who share the same rule. acquired a mother language.

Roger T. Bell Noam Chomsky

Language has two elements. One is When we used language, we are not just
cognitive, active which comprises the saying something. We are doing
linguistics feature of the language, the something as well, like promising, asking.
other is emotive or affective.

Oller Searle and Austin

Meaning does not reside

For communication to take place, the
in the words per se but in
sender and receiver of the message should
the context of the
have shared presuppositions.
situation
 Malinowski Widdowson

Here is a link for additional information: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWHnAEIjOB0

See? Great people, not all think alike. What else have
you notice?

Activity1
Base on the different perspective of linguist what makes up a language?

Instruction: Write the words or concepts that you can associate with language base on the
different perspective from linguist in the form of schematic diagram which is shown below.

Language

Send a picture in my facebook account : https://www.facebook.com/chrizellemae

or Gmail account: chrizellemaerodriguezlpt@gmail.com

Activity 2
In a comprehensive approach what have you understood about language and why
is it important in the human race. Give at least 4 sentences.

Now let’s try! I challenge

you to answer the
following without
looking back to the
lesson.

I may not see you but

 God can ☺

Assessment
Match column A to Column B.
Send a picture in my facebook account : https://www.facebook.com/chrizellemae
or Gmail account: chrizellemaerodriguezlpt@gmail.com

1. Charles a. Meaning does not reside in the words but in

fries the context of the situation.
2. Roger b. Language has two elements, one cognitive,
T. Bell active which comprises the linguistic features of the
3. Noam language, the other is emotive or affective.
Chomsky c. Language is a code: a set of elements that is
4. Joseph composed of sounds letters and their combination.
Greenberg d. Language is speech. Speech is language.
5. Searle e. Language is a system which relates meanings
and Austin to substance.
6. Malino f. Language is a system of signals conforming to
wski the rules which constitute its grammar.
7. Oller g. When we use language we are not saying
8. Widdo something.
wson h. Communication takes place when the sender
and receiver has shared presuppositions.

Assignment:

Create a ACROSTIC of LINGUISTIC

Example:

Language that
Is
Natural and
Grammatical
Unequivocal
Identifiable
Styles and Syntax
Transformational
Interdisciplinary
Cognitive, and
Structural
Lesson 2 Day 2 Model of Language Function

Open guided Questions

Do you think that language is learned from child birth or growing children?

It means that Halliday’s point of In taking into

view is that children will start to account, the
realize the potential of language as reasons why
they develop an understanding the language
importance of language patterns of users
common genres. communicate
with one
another, the language functions model of Michael Halliday needs to be reviewed. It
significantly and categorically present the language functions. Halliday claims that
these language functions are the foundation of adults’ language which offers the
messages or functions of utterance in different text.

Language functions are not necessarily hierarchal, although instrumental seemingly

develops first and representational develops last. Their abstract functions components
eventually evolves in the adult grammatical system. The capability to operate effectively in
these functions has to be learnt; it does not occur automatically from the acquisition on the
grammar and vocabulary of the mother tongue.

General functions of Language

Taken from: https://images.app.goo.gl/GnRDJ2ubEcg89f1B8
 Activity 1

Using the Flow Chart above create examples where those functions can
be used in our daily lives.
Instrumental Regulatory:
The first four Example: Asking or
Ex giving directions on how
functions Halliday
to cope with academic
calls them: problems with learners

Interactional Personal
The next three
functions are:

Heuristic: Imaginative: Representational

Language is the creature and creator of

society

Halliday states that, “what the child hears is functionally related to

observable features of the situation around him.” (1978, p. 18). That social

interaction is a necessary

condition for language

learning has been indicated by unfortunate cases of children deprived of it, such as the so-called ‘wolf-
children’. Through engaging with parents and caregivers the child not only learns the language, but
learns the culture through that language.

Interaction with caregivers begins very soon after the child is born. As soon as the child begins
to make meaningful expressions like smiling or crying, then communication
https://images.app.goo.gl is taking place and language is present. We do not need to wait until the
child starts saying recognizable words to start studying their language; they
/jrdAszMEghD72Fvd9 are already making meaning a long time before this. It may sometimes be
difficult to interpret what children are saying before they have recognizable words and structures. This
is partly because the types of meaning that children make are typically different from the ones
produced by adults.

In attempting to ascertain what the child means by any particular utterance, Halliday suggests
we ask the question, “What has the child learnt to do by using language?” For example, children may
learn very early that if they cry, they will get attention; Deaf children learn to drop things, or to throw
small objects at their parents to get the same result. Halliday describes three main stages that children
traverse in learning language: Phase I is the first language system that the child has. Phase II is the
transition from the child’s system to the adult language. Phase III is the learning of the adult language.
We can see how
children progress
through these
Good work! Now let put your stages by
knowledge to the test. And examining what
their language is
just as the first quiz, I dare
like at each
you to not look back phase, and
especially by
looking at what they use their
language for. We also should
keep in mind that all children are different and the ages at which a child is in a particular stage should
be seen as approximations only.

One the other hand, Tayao, Ignacio, and Gonzales (1998) explicate that utterances made
speakers have various uses or functions. They express a variety of meaning and called for functions.
They expressed a variety of meaning and called different meanings. Changes in meaning of
utterances take place when the situation changes and the relationship of interlocutors’ changes.

Activity 2
Write a 3-4 sentences giving your overall thought how language is manifested, and is given
importance whether it’s from child birth or childhood growth?
Assessment:
A. Write the letters that give the functions of the remark made by the indicated persons
in these situation.
a. Complaining and demanding a refund
b. Expressing objective
c. Advising and informin.

1.) A woman goes to the grocery, return a bottle of milk and make the remark to the
grocery.
2.) The same woman talking with her husband before she has the chance to return the
milk. Her husband who usually takes cream with his coffee is making a cup of
coffee for himself when the woman makes the remark.
____________3.) The same woman return from the grocer with the replacement of the bottle of milk
she returned. She pours milk in the park lunch for her son. The boy makes the
remark even if the milk is not really sour.
A.

a. Complaining and demanding a refund.

b. Express objective
c. Advising and informing

____________4.) A person who fails to catch the joke.

____________5.) A teacher whose students are snickering while she in discussing the lesson.
____________6.) A member of group who arrives finds her friends watching TV and laughing.