EXERCISE OF TRANSLATION 01(2020-2021)

(A, B, C Morning) Semester 7

OPEN BOOK

1. Please, explain about the different meaning translation and interpretation according to the
experts or available sources (website, book etc)!
2. Please, explain about the kinds of translation according to the experts or available sources
(website, book etc)!
3. Please, explain about the principle of translation and the difficulties in translation
according to the experts or available sources (website, book etc)!

Good Luck

Name : Sayid mahindra

Nim : 321810057
Class : C Afternoon

Exercise 01

1. - Interpretation requires a complete verbal command of both the source and target languages and
is work that is loosely based on the original material, rather than verbatim translation of spoken
content. Since many languages differ in their didactic usage and cultural intonations, a word-by-word
account would be incorrect and would make little sense to the listener. Interpretation is instead
about the general concept of the material quickly condensed into culturally appropriate language. In
a way, it’s paraphrasing. The original messaging remains intact, but there are subtle differences in
the way that the message is delivered that make sense to the international audience you are
targeting.

For example, a scenario that would likely benefit from a professional interpreter would be an
introductory meeting held with a foreign company, where the two parties spoke different languages.
The interpreter would be able to translate in real-time between both parties and use paraphrasing
to get the message across. In this instance, it would not be necessary to replicate exact phrasing, and
a more approximate conversation would be sufficient, provided the message and tone remain intact.

- Translation Your document translation needs are directly related to the languages and content type
involved, and hiring a professional, top-quality translation vendor is your best option. The
expectation for a written translation is that it is a functional and accurate method of communication
between two languages. The process is complex, often highly technical, and the result of a
coordinated, professional team working through a written medium. Translation is defined by the
written aspects of the project and is less instantaneous than interpretation. With professional
translation services, your content is not only translated, but formatted correctly and attuned to the
rules of your target language.

The difference between translation and interpretation is that translation is a much more exacting,
sophisticated, and reliable method of communicating to your international markets than
interpretation, which is, at its core, a paraphrasing of content.

2. Roman Jakobson in Hatim and Munday makes a very important distinction between three types of
written translation :

1)Intralingual translation,translation within the same language, which can involve rewording or
paraphrase,

2) Interlingual translation,translation from one language to another,

3)Intersemiotic translation,translation of the verbal sign by non verbal sign for example music or
image.
Nababan differentiates kinds of translation, such as word for word translation, free translation,
literal translation, dynamic translation, pragmatic translation, aesthetic-poetic translation,
ethnographic translation, linguistic translation communicative translation and semantic translation.

3. A. The translation should reflect accurately the meaning of the original text. Nothing should be
arbitrarily added or removed, though sometimes part of the meaning can be transposed.

B. The ordering of the words and ideas should match the original as closely as possible. This is
particularly important in translating legal documents, guarantees, contracts, etc. However,
differences in the language structure often require changes in the form and order of words. When in
doubt, underline in the original text the words on which the main stress falls.

C. Languages often differ greatly in their levels of formality in a given context, for example in the
business letter. To resolve these differences, the translator must distinguish between formal and
fixed expression, and personal expression in which the writer or speaker sets the tone.

D. One of the frequent criticisms of translation is that it does not sound ‘natural’. This is because the
translator’s thoughts and choice of words are too strongly molded by the original text. A good way
to avoid the influence of the source language is to set the text aside and translate a few sentences
aloud from memory. This will suggest natural patterns of thought in the first language which may not
come to mind when the eye is fixed on the SL text.

E. It will be better if the translator does not change the style of the original. But if it is needed, for
example because the text is full of repetitions or mistakes in writing, the translator may change it.

F. Idiomatic expressions including similes, metaphors, proverbs, and saying, jargon, slang, and
colloquialisms and phrasal verbs are often untranslatable.