Enormous Leaning Square

Math Olympiad Year: 2019

8th ELSMO Day: 1
Pittsburgh, PA

P i
r t 0 n n
oh ) e t n t Saturday, June 8, 2019
b = i h mr o 1:15 PM – 5:45 PM
l i 1 x ge t a , k n d
e n , e t n em d , d s u
mt e ≥d a m
0 r l a p e a
e na = s y g 2 r r h o t n e n r ? g t
1 g 0 p d e i h n e e t a dn
c t t
. e d i m d eb o k a c l
d
r y i b
a n ) P i
r l a ≥ n ( ni t oc h t t p . e e r . n e d . m e o w
L n 0 x hm a s d a s s r e u c i L r
e c e d . y ni t e p s r F s s o A g c T l er k n i e i l
i b d k h t d w s t g y h r T
t o t n t s i a A v t o ra l r e d
e x p , r s a s r o g ni r e a i t e u
P f c hS o n e i i i f e a a o n n s h , T t r p l
( f > ( o s + eg n c s d n d ( w l
a mm w
f
, e c e
a ew a e s e m
a u m
x i 1 i w i c e e e b yw e s
o
o r i h r r t r a s=
t ) r t n o v d u h h 3 c a
) c + 3 n u d n r i d n oi i l s
b 1 i = s h t r i B s t i a i . i t n s s n o l o T
i
b e e ) ht v 1 . e r c i d h l e d
c , e h c c L s r h e l i e n ) i e f (
e n = e . s e g c r y a (
a a Cp o t d h e c
p l e a ca
c n t . c s m
t n P t i i m
mo
p
o n k o s t t
a s ( a l d r w a e e a mn t l e e r h p t h d e t o S +
n r e w i hn
x t P l a ∗ a h n s p a . d a h e
e
p s i t r n . i i r t i n c h e )
o u n i eh e o e g c k n r i l p ≥ y a s t ss e l no p t T o ti n
t i h s A s o e I u i i w t .
l c ) r gb s H h o s i 3 d r n e r a e n h 0 h e i
y h e e e l a e t , B t h n n d r r e n
n g f r e n e t ( b b i s mu n s g g t p g i
e o g d h m t e y t , h p i h e
o sm d h i d h t e t
m ht r r a i
g
g i e n r , i s i f b h a s al t oc s a e r i
. r v a n a e e n h r
i a e
n2 w s e vm t a s h a n l r r e d t c e n t t im a
a a e . e ow ) e o e v - e f h o l
l tD l . n i − l
s s n n 1 t f p md e s o n m i e T d f
P fe l ni u L h o I mt c a i l y r mn u c g c
w ( c n a i i o
i i f h te se sn m p h n s s x a , a 1 y a e mo d u i r n r o
i m s t a o c e k e y l b u r n , n
,
a t t e kr i no C , g d e ae s 2 p l p e n d a i i w f
a a n s h l r l s a i
e t g e ra r vi i sr c u , a se l e t e it t h
r g e e n h f . y a d e i n i g
l g t . t r o e d u
n e s p lf . re - ec c c n la v c r
i l , n c a e f h a
e 3 u a l r , t
s m c r co d fa c tn i
l d . t o u n r i
k n d o
e f a ge n
l t ,
a

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n . . n)
. i wa . 1 .
p c (x , s i te + +.
o ( t t s x .
H nt o o
e r i r 1x hh .
r o n d , n e c ( n) +
e i t i y , o ( / y
, d s n
1 y po o x n
n
t wa ) i r 1 , )
h o f i te , n n d + (
e t s . ) t i
n h .
c
e

Time limit: 4 hours 30 minutes.

Each problem is worth 7 points.
Enormous Leaning Square
Math Olympiad Year: 2019
8th ELSMO Day: 2
Pittsburgh, PA

Pt Sunday, June 16, 2019

r
on c a c ` 1:15 PM – 5:45 PM
bo i i l C
l n r a p c
a o 5
e c on l n a d a u a
m p- l r d ss o lr m ` . i r a e
em s e c n t
4 r
a t a i s c i 1 L t i h t 6 o g i
a n r , e e yl e a . n f
. a ω l ar g a t † f a , , n d
p n n c ` t g h yn b d t t
n
C l l i s gi o t o el S e d u e aC E ro l t m re e f l
a
a e n t i h t c 2 r i e e o u f e t e n
m r m l s t
r l r th n r o , s s s l w s g i t r , i n t es g e
l t a t o h n ω ` eb t b e e l h de e t x t h eh e i e i s
h e a s i e tm a t i e h e a i no S t t h s e =
l e i d P u v ts w 3 r c i p l 1
i g g a o n e c n h d e e f y o e i
s ni h g , h e r oh c a o n h h rf d e l s q
nC f o
c x
f a s o
n h
p t e i n t t b f t o i e a
e
g s l ew cP a c s n o h )+
u o i o a r c er e t u u a ( n uf c n si n
m pw a a q a mr 2 s f t f d
a d o t e n a 1 p o es s e
i
v ` n g ih n p c s s e ,t i r f p i t l u o t b l f i cn u l u m f
s a a l t i a f oi e ( s n n p S
e e e s a o a i om n i i t r c x t t c y c t u⊆
n 1 . , hc t r m d m p f t s m S a i h o c i n i n
r a p t e e t e e f es c n o f s h s o t Z t y c X
o u 1
,
t ` I C , u l a r s o g s i a a n o n i . i ?
y r a i f n t t d ( s n n h x o ) o . o no b it
h n a c l s i o e l s u b c o + f ) n S a u o
g i
r 2 r i t e .s a a r s a r s ht n i x o d u at E t l 1 es x s h t n
a s d s t i = d
e ,
d
l v l )
g
n r e e n o a f c e n t t n 0 i s , s 2 o ( w o l a
e ` e r t y a i 1 s o x n we S l
d h e a t l t n t , i n t , n ) e a i ⊆
i i t−
d 3 i a n o S e p . o i n o s f ) t q
t u Xe
i t s n h ( a n d t o o x o n o . a s o 2 h 2 h
ow a f n t , f h . q
s i a e n n o e n 2 f , r . e f u L a
t na o a w .` w i r P p o d S . a e , H dn f e a t u
i d n il a . n l m a s d e : a . f x( n t d t i ( a
t l r o t . i R . c o b
n s l ( t h o s b S o p u l n . u t m o t
c a t p en i C h el b i n h t P e t . . f b v t e → y n 1 Xa Cn ) i
o e n a a c l t e i x y u t i h R c i a o
e r t i l e i c n wo d o p o n r s e s
r t ( t ) o d i r s Cn
i b r s c F − n a
r t m v se e
c i
f t a o n u h o oi x , e
s n l u
n s
e s S t iv l s t i c n S c
o r n R c
, h e r t c i n 2 o c hC o
d m s i av o i ) o d h c a= t t a
i n n o , n e e
e x l 0 h e n n t a t a
r
n a s n ht s a , e d h r h
i o e t c a l a
a o m q i h
† p u t d eh i o t c t
n h e mo h
a e e d a s S o S|
d r s
bo s f V o |
n l n ( e i ( ·
a
s al f te e l i f o V ) W
s t o i n .
g
e p ni i an a e r e x e i u s ,
o r o n x ) n ,
t m y
Td l e
an t a r i x c V
h f l o s l ) f p n p i t t+
e o s r i r i W
s o w f i i i e y , i e f oh ,
e r i o o su x s s p s s n e
m n f nn c e a s o t a sV an V
c a l g un s e h d i s h i a l s−
a l c ( r f on i e f on n e o W,
n yw t i b t e u , t vu , d x
a s h n i an a
b i y io y a al c ( v r c a W pr r a
e n : n t i t t i e t
h i i i n
d t t al e nc ( co o i ) i a
e hh i n
f
e e eml ) n
i i u
n f s x
e
Time limit: 4 hours 30 minutes.
Each problem is worth 7 points.