Chal

lengesofGl
obalGov
ernancei
nthe21stCent
ury
1stsl
i
de

 TheUni
tedNati
onshasnatur
all
yfacesnumerousprobl
emsand
chal
l
engesgi
venthescopeofit
sresponsi
bil
i
ties.
 Forinst
ance,probl
emscannotbeident
if
iedoraddr
essed
i
mmedi atel
yifrappor
teur
ssentbyUNarenotwelcomedbyt
he
countri
esconcerned.
(peopl
eappointedbyanor
gani
zat
iont
orepor
tkeyr
esol
uti
onsand
consensusoutcome)
 Col
lect
iveef
for
ttoi
dent
if
y,under
standandaddr
esswor
ldwi
de
pr
oblems.
2ndsl
i
de
 Globalgovernanceisbestunderst
oodbypeer i
ngthroughthefive
“l
enses”ofgapsi nknowledge,nor
ms, poli
cies,i
nsti
tuti
ons,and
compliance.Knowingthethese5gapswoul dallowsust o
conceptuali
zetheessenti
altasksfort
hepur suitofmoreor der
,
stabi
li
ty,pr
edictabi
l
ity
,andprosperi
tywithaf ai
rerdi
stri
butionof
benefi
ts.
 Knowl edgegapsr ef
ert o thelackofempi ri
calinf
ormati
onor
theoreti
calexpl
anations.Knowi ngtheKnowl edgegapsareimpor
tant
becauseori fwedon’ thav ether esourcesorenoughinf
ormati
onsto
i
nv esti
gateaparti
culari ssue,thent hi
scouldbecomediffi
cul
tfor
effecti
veglobalgovernance.
 Normativegapsf ollowknowledgegaps,norm canbedef i
nedas
behavi
ort hatisexpectedbecauseitconfor
mswi t
hv alues.And
val
uesar eadomi nantexpl
anati
onforhumanpr ogr essandv ery
essent
ialingredi
ent ,f
orgoodandforill
,i
nexplaini
nggl obalproblems
andtheirpossiblesoluti
ons.Aft
erweunderstandt hatanissueexi st
s,
“Pol
icy”i
sbestthoughtofasanint
erl
inkedsetofgov
erni
ngrules,
pri
ncipl
esandgoals.Theabsenceofpoli
ciesonanemergi
ngissue
canleadtoinact
ionandpavethewayf orcri
ses.
 Chall
engesofi mpl
ementi
nganypol i
ciest
hatareputf or
thbyt he
i
nternational
community
.Aft
erwi t
htheestabli
shingpoli
cyt heyneed
tobemanagedandhousedwi thi
naninsti
tut
ionwi t
hthenecessar y
resourcesandautonomy–ifthesearemissing,aninsti
tut
ionalgap
ari
se.
 Finall
y,ev
enifi
nsti
tut
ionsareputi
nplacetot
ackleacer
tai
n
threat,
 
compli
anceshouldcomeafter
wards,i
fnotcompl
iancegap
woul dari
se.
 So,t
hosearethegapsthataremostl
yident
if
iedandsol
vedi
nor
der
tohaveabett
erGlobal
gov er
nanceofUN.
3rd and4thsl
i
lde
 STATERELEVANCEAMI
DGLOBALI
ZATI
ON
 Def
inest
ate
 Def
inegl
obal
i
zat
ion

5thsl
i
de
 Gl
obali
zat
ionhaschangedtheroleofthest
atepoli
ti
cal
lybecauseof
st
rengt
henedint
erst
aterel
ati
onshipsanddependenceononeanother
.
 Social
l
y,asgl
obali
zat
ionhashadapr oblemati
ceff
ect,suchas
makingpeopleandstat
esmoreatriskandcausingthestat
e’srolet
o
changetoencompasssolv
ingtheseissuesandbecomi ngaprotect
or
rat
herthanacontr
oll
er.
 Thestate’srolehaschangedduetot hefor
mingofani nt
erstat
e
sharedmedi abecauseitnowhasr educedcont
roloverthe
i
nformationbei ngpr
ovidedt
ot hestate’
speopl
e.Theincreaseduse
oftheinternetisasecondaspectoftechnol
ogi
caladvancement s.
 Fi
nall
y,gl
obalizedeconomicchangeshaveasubstant
ial
effectonthe
st
ate’
srole.Theglobaleconomyhasbeencr eat
edbyonli
nebanking,
st
ockmar ketsand,lar
gely
,global
franchi
ses.
 Sothisi
showt hegl
obal
i
zat
ionchangedtherol
eofthestat
eand
l
aterontheseeff
ect
smakesstat
ear el
evantamidofgl
obal
izat
ion.
 Nowwemov eontot
heEl
ementsofSt
ate,
whi
cht
heseel
ement
sar
e
i
mpor
tantasthi
smakest
hest
ateasawhole.
I
tist
hepeopl
ewhomaket
hest
ate.
 Therecanbenosatewi
thoutafixedterr
it
ory
.Peopleneedt
erri
tor
yto
l
iveandorgani
zet
hemselvessocial
lyandpoli
ti
cal
l
y.Theter
ri
tory
musthavealand,
water
,andspace.
 Gover
nmentistheworkingagencyoft
hest
ate.I
tist
hepol
i
tical
or
ganizat
ionoft
hestate.
 Lastl
y,Sov
ereignty,
twoaspects,i
nter
nalandexter
nal.I
nter
nalmeans
thatt
hestateissupremeov eral
li
tscit
izensandassocati
ons.
Exter
nalmeanst hatthest
ateisi
ndependentandfreefr
om for
eignor
outsi
decontrol.
Whatki
ndofst
atei
sthePhi
l
ippi
nes?
democr
ati
candr
epubl
icanSt
ate
ThePhi
li
ppi
nesi
sademocrat
icandrepubli
canSt
ate.Sover
eignt
yresi
des
i
nthepeopl
eandal
lgov
ernmentaut
horit
yemanatesfrom t
hem.

STATE
RELEVANCE
AMID
GLOBALI
ZATI
ON