11 Department of Education-Region III

TARLAC CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION

Juan Luna St., Sto. Cristo, Tarlac City 2300
Email address: tarlac.city@deped.gov.ph/ Tel. No. (045) 470 – 8180

Discipline and Ideas in Social

Sciences
Quarter 2: Week 11
 DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES

Name of Learner: ________________________ Quarter 2-Week 11

Grade and Section: _______________________Date: __________________

THE SOCIAL SCIENCE IDEAS AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN EXAMINING

SOCIO-CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS
BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Sociologists investigate social phenomena at various levels and from different

points of view. From solid translations to clearing speculations of society and social
conduct.
This lesson will explain how the major Social Science theories applied in the
study of society. Also, you will determine the importance of the major Social Science
theories in examining socio-cultural, economic, and political conditions.

THE APPLICATION AND IMPORTANCE OF THE MAJOR SOCIAL THEORIES

Sociologists utilize three major theoretical perspectives namely: (1)

Structural-functionalism; (2) Marxism, and (3) Symbolic Interactionism. These
perspectives offer sociologists theoretical models for clarifying how society impacts
individuals or vice versa. Every perspective remarkably conceptualizes society,
social actors, and human conducts.

STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONALISM

The Structural-functionalist perspective of society is a structure with

interrelated parts intended to meet the gradual and social needs of the people in the
society. Hebert Spencer (1820–1903) claimed that various parts must work together
to keep society functioning.

● Socio-cultural - Sociologies look at the earlier people “social realities” these

are the laws, ethics, values, strict convictions, customs, designs, ceremonies,
and the entirety of the social principles that oversee public activity.
Émile Durkheim (1858-1917) assumed that society was composed of
interdependent and interconnected parts that were put together to keep
instability. Functionalists seek consensus and order in society while
dysfunction creates social problems that lead to social change
● Economic - The functionalist perspective of economics assumes that the
continued progress of the economy is important to the nation, as it guarantees
the circulation of goods and services.
However, a dysfunction might happen when some institutions fail to adapt
quickly enough to fluctuating social conditions. Normally, the marketplace goes
into segments of a shortage of products and services that will increase prices
that may lead to inflation, wherein you can buy less with your money.
● Political - According to functionalism, the government has four main
purposes: (1) planning and directing society; (2) meeting social needs; (3)
maintaining law and order; and (4) managing international relations.
Functionalism viewed government as a system to impose norms and control
 Conflict.

MARXISM

Marxism or conflict theory of Karl Marx (1818–1883), who considered society

to consist of two classes: (1) the bourgeoisie or the capitalist who owns the
production, and (2) the proletariat or the working class. The people’s state of
inequality was influenced by class stratification, social immobility, and representation
of the powerful elite. Karl Marx believed that conflict and struggle between groups
happen to attain wealth and power which was inevitable in a capitalist society.
● Socio-Cultural - Conflict theorists understand the social structure as
inherently unequal resulting from the differences in power based on age,
class, education, gender, income, race, sexuality, and other social factors.
Culture reinforces issues of "privilege” groups and their status in social
categories. It focuses on the social inequalities and power difference within a
group.
● Economic - Marxism concentrated on the mode of production and relations
of production. The bourgeoisie possesses and controls the means for
production, which prompts misuse because of the benefit intention. In this
course of action, proletarians have just their work to sell and don't claim or
control capital.
● Political - Marx’s concepts, coining the phrase power elite to describe what
he saw as the small group of powerful people who control much of society.
He believed the power elite used the government to develop social policies
that allow them to keep their wealth.

SYMBOLIC-INTERACTIONISM

Symbolic Interactionism is a smaller scale level theory that focuses on the

studied human interactions within a society or human communication through the
exchange of language, symbols, and meaning. Humans interact based on the
meanings attributed to those interactions. The recognized meaning comes from our
interactions with others and society. George Herbert Mead (1863–1931) was
considered as the founding father of symbolic interactionism.
● Socio-cultural - Social scientists apply symbolic interactionism thinking
search for examples of communication between people and examine the
perception of one-on-one connections. Symbolic interactions would be
increasingly intrigued by how people in the fighting gather connect, just as
the signs and images of conformists use to convey their message and to
arrange and in this way create shared implications. Symbolic interactionism
examines communication pattern, interpretation, and adjustment among an
individual’s relative to the meanings of symbols emphasizes individual’s
verbal and nonverbal responses, symbols, negotiated meaning, and its
construct in the society. Role-taking is an important mechanism determined
in which a person can appreciate others perspectives to understand well the
meaning of a certain action. In social contexts, the ambiguity of roles dwells
the difficulty of role-making on a person in a certain situation.
Ethnomethodology, a branch of symbolic interactionism that studies how
human interactions can make the impression of collective social order in spite
of the absence of common understanding and the existence of opposing
perspectives.
● Economic - Symbolic interactionism idea interrelated to work and economy
is called career inheritance. The meaning of this concept is that a child has
the same job as their parents.
 ● Political - Symbolic interactionism relates to government emphasis on
images, symbols, or individuals that signify authority and power.

Learning Competencies
Apply the Social Science Ideas and Its Importance in Examining Socio-Cultural,
Economic, and Political Conditions

Activity 1.

Directions: Analyse the picture collage below and explain how the three major Social
Science theories can be applied in each situation. You may use a separate
sheet for your answers if needed.

______________________________________________________________
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_____ .
Activity 2.

Directions: Using a concept table, determine the importance of the major Social
Science theories in examining socio-cultural, economic, and political
conditions of the society. You may use a separate sheet of paper for this
activity.

Conditions in Society Socio-cultural Economic Politics

Pres. Rodrigo Roa
Duterte signed the
Philippine AntiTerror
Bill into a Law

The Imposition of a
Modified
Enhanced Community
Quarantine (MECQ) in
high risk area

The non-renewal of the

ABSCBN network
franchise
 The continuous
increase of
COVID-19 Cases in
the Philippines

Filipinos showed their

gestures and symbols
of love
and support to the front
liners
using social media
applications like
Facebook, Tweeter,
Instagram, and
TikTok

Your written output will be graded based on the following rubrics:

Needs Meets Exceed
Criteria
Improvement Expectations Expectations
Score 10 15 20
Depth of Analysis Demonstrate minimal Demonstrate a Demonstrate deep
level of reflection and sufficient level
internalization of the level of reflection and of reflection and
issue. internalization of the internalization of the
issue. issue.
Organization of The thoughts were The thoughts were The thoughts were
Thought expressed expressed coherently. expressed
incoherently coherently,
very clear, and
organized.
Grammar and No more than ten No more than five No spelling and
Spelling spelling and grammar spelling and grammar grammar errors.
errors. errors.

Activity 3

Directions: Make a research. Examine how the major social science theories
can be applied in the present situations or problems existing in our society.

Research on any of the issues or problems existing in our society. Apply any of
the three major social science theories in your theoretical framework. You are
given one week to finish your research. Follow the suggested research outline.
 Research Outline

I. Research Title - choose one issue or problem existing in our society and make a
research title to study.
II. Introduction - present the research issue or problem existing in our society and
explain the relevance of the study.
III. Statement of the Problem (SOP) - Provide at least 3 questions related to the
topic.
IV. Theoretical Framework – Write an explanation about the theory you used in the
study.
V. Data Presentation – Support the presentation of data by
using reliable and credible online sources.
VI. Conclusion – Write the results of findings based on your SOP
VII. References – use credible online sources. Follow the APA format

Your research will be graded based on the following rubrics:

Needs Meets Exceed

Criteria
Improvement Expectations Expectations
Score 10 15 20
Present highly
sufficient research
Present insufficient Present sufficient
content. Facts were
research content research content
expressed in a
and and
Research Content highly
facts were facts were
coherent manner,
expressed expressed
very
incoherently. coherently.
clear, and
organized.
Follow the research
Follow the research Follow the research
outline with more
Completeness and outline with no more outline with
than three
Structure than two incomplete complete
incomplete
research parts. research parts.
research parts.
Present original
Some ideas were Few ideas were
ideas
Originality copied and not copied
and all sources were
properly cited but properly cited
properly cited
With more than five No more than five
spelling and spelling and No spelling and
Conventions
grammar grammar grammar errors.
errors. errors.
Submitted the Submitted the
Submitted the
research two to research on or
Timeliness research
three before
one day late.
days late. the due the date.

Reflection:
Directions: Put a check on the blank which corresponds to how well you
learned the lesson.
 Items Strongly Moderately Disagree
Agree Agree
I learned the major social-science theories

I learned the importance in examining

socio-cultural, economic and political
conditions of the major social-science
theories

I learned the major social-science theories

and how it can affect our daily living

References:

Adams and Sydie (2003). Functionalism and Parsons. Retrieved from October 15,
2020 http://uregina.ca/~gingrich/250m3103.htm

Beystehner, Kristen M. (1998). Psychoanalysis: Freud's Revolutionary Approach to

Human Personality. Northwestern University. Retrieved October 10, 2020
from http:/ /www.personalityresearch.org/papers/beystehner.html

Brendon T., (2019) “What are the goals of Counselling?” Accessed August 20, 2020.
http://owlcation.com/social-sciences/What-are-the-goals-of counseling

Durkheim, E. 1961. Elementary Forms of Religious Life. Bk. 2. Chap. 5 & 7. Trans.
by J.W. Swain Collier. New York: Macmillan. Retrieved on August 20, 2020
from https://journals. library.ualberta.ca/cjs/index.php/CJS/article/.../17856/

Durkheim, E. 1984. Division of Labour in Society. Bk. 2. Chap. 2. Trans. by W. D.

Hall. New York: Macmillan. Retrieved on August 20, 2020 from
://www.jstor.org/stable/ 684937

Jigesh, K. (2010). “Counseling: Meaning, Techniques, and Principles” Department of

English/University of Idaho on Creative Nonfiction. Retrieved on August 20,
2020 https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/psychology/ counselling/counselling-
meaning-techniques-and-principles/83976

International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (2001). Socialization

 and Education: Theoretical Perspectives K.A. Schneewind. Retrieved on
August 20, 2020 from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-
sciences/structuralfunctionalism

Liberto, Daniel (2020). Marxian Economics. Retrieved on August 20, 2020 from
https://www. investopedia.com/terms/m/marxian-economics.asp

Lumen Sociology. Module 1: Foundations of Sociology. Retrieved on August 20,

2020 from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/alamosociology/chapter/functionalism
/Reading: Structural-Functional Theory

Lumen Sociology. Module 12: Work and the Economy. Retrieved from Retrieved on
August 20, 2020 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/alamo-
sociology/chapter/readingtheoretical- perspectives-on-economics/

Malinowski, B. 1962. Anthropology. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. New York: York

University. Retrieved on August 20, 2020 from
https://www.britannica.com/topic/survivals

Marx, K. 1963. Selected Writing in Sociology and Philosophy. Ed. by T. B.

Bottomore. London: C. A. Watts and Co. Ltd. Retrieved on August 20, 2020
from https://www.amazon.com/...Marx-Selected-Sociology-Philosophy/.../
B0000CLUD8

Miller, K. Communication Theories: Perspectives, Processes and Contexts. 2nd

Retrieved October 10, 2020 Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005

OECD 1976 . “Measuring Social Well-Being: A Progress Report on the Development

Retrieved October 10, 2020 of Social Indicators”. Paris: OECD

Answer Key:

Activity 1.Answers may vary based on the Activity 2. Answers may vary based on the rubrics
rubrics provided provided

Activity 3. Answers may vary based on the rubrics provided

Prepared by:

Dennis Z. Bonifacio
Teacher II