11 Department of Education-Region III

TARLAC CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION

Juan Luna St., Sto. Cristo, Tarlac City 2300
▪ Email address: tarlac.city@deped.gov.ph/ Tel. No. (045) 470 – 8180

Discipline and Ideas in Social

Sciences
Quarter 2: Week 12
 DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES

Name of Learner: ________________________ Quarter 2-Week 12

Grade and Section: _______________________Date: __________________

THE BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF THE MAJOR

SOCIAL SCIENCE IDEAS

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The idea of Psychoanalysis is the notion that people have an “unconscious

mind” which includes things that are extrinsic or outside of our awareness. These may
include early childhood memories, hidden drives and secret desires.

The rational choice theory believes that the behaviour and social life of a person
as a whole can be formulated through the person’s rational choices. As you go on with
the lesson, you will understand the basic concepts and principles of rational choice
theory.
The pandemic crisis which led to lockdowns of different places are examples
of the formal constraints or regulations that need to be followed by the people. All of
these scenarios we are experiencing at this time show how “Institutionalism” works
and employs in our society. The connection at large has an impact on the political
system, shaping political policy and social constraints that people experience.

PSYCHOANALYSIS

Psychoanalysis is characterized as therapeutic techniques and a set of

psychological theories initiated by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). He developed the
methods of treatment and general theory of personality.
The main cognitive idea of psychoanalysis is that people have unconscious
minds, memories, feelings, and desires. This introduced a perspective on
psychological illness, which conveyed that talking with a psychologist about certain
problems could relieve a person from suffering mental distress.

● Three Personality Structures

▪ The id includes entirely of the unconscious, underlying and primal
urges present from birth which operates based on instinct and
pleasure directed.
▪ While ego is the portion of the personality that deals with the
demands of reality. It aids control and balance on the urges of the
id and makes us act in ways that are both acceptable and realistic,
instead of satisfying our desires.
▪ The superego includes our values and ideals. The values that our
parents taught us and the ideals that our society instilled in us are
the guiding force of the superego and its effort to make us behave
with accordance to our morals.
RATIONAL CHOICE

The Rational Choice Theory or RCT emerged during the behavioral revolution
in American Political Science between 1950s and 1960s (Ward 2002). Positivists
greatly influenced this theory, specifically Auguste Comte (1798-1857) on his works in
the 19th century and the Vienna Circle of logical positivism in 1920s.
Rational Choice affirmed that the behavior and social life of a person as a
the whole can be explained through a person’s rational choices. This approach can be
used to know why a person behaves or acts the way he or she does. The rational
choice fundamental assumption is that an individual action is based on their conduct
on logical process. They act with reason when making choices. Their choices
are intended for their pleasure or gain.

INSTITUTIONALISM

Institutionalism is an approach aligned to methods and approaches in political

science that has significance in society. This is implied as the regulations, orders and
systems. The aforesaid approaches vary mostly in the interpretation of institutions, in
their subject, logic of motive, and in the ideas, they accord with development. Through
this, institutions can be explained as any formal management set up and design to
emulate behavior, function, and regulation.
● Formal institutions - are institutions that are officially established
in one way or another.
● Informal Institutions are not officially established, but are
commonly accepted throughout society like practices, standard
or label of behavior. These apply to all types of activity such as
social, cultural, political, and economic.

FEMINIST THEORY

Feminism primarily is a western notion. Women were force

to do their traditional duty like being housewives, and not given the right to
education and other legal rights. Deborah Madsen stated, “Feminism stands for
women status in society and demands about gender consciousness and
oppression.” Feminism emanates its existence for the fight for women's right
counter to the prejudice existing in the society.
According to International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioural
Sciences (2001) gender ideology described as masculine and feminine behaviours,
and social roles.
Gender Inequality for feminism focuses on the rights and freedoms for women
and girls of all ages in the society.

HERMENEUTIC PHENOMENOLOGY

The meaning and scope of the term “hermeneutics” is an important

consideration in a research study that concerns itself with interpretation (Crotty, 1998).
The noun hermeneia means the utterance or explication of thought. The primary
concern of hermeneutics is the philosophy of understanding (Geanellos, 1998).
Hermeneutics proposes that there are no such things as measurable behaviours,
stimuli, and associated responses, instead, investigation is prompted though such
things as encounters, life worlds and meaning (Van manen, 1977).
HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT SYSTEMS

These are interactions between the human social system and (the “rest”) of the
ecosystem. Human-environment systems are both complex and adaptive. These
systems combine both human and natural components to show complex interactions
and added feedback between them.
● Related Concepts on the Study of Human Environment Systems
1. Environmental Change – caused by a perturbation to the landscape
system as a result of internal or external natural disturbance or
human-induced disturbance.
2. Environmental Threshold – refers to the point whereby the
environment changes from one phase or trajectory to another. It can
be reached after a period of slow accumulation of natural capital or
human imposed catastrophe, disturbs the existing trajectory.

Learning Competencies
Analyse the basic concepts and principles of the major Social Science ideas:
a. psychoanalysis
b. rational choice
c. institutionalism
d. feminist theory
e. hermeneutical phenomenology
f. human-environment systems

Activity 1

Directions: Read each sentence and rearrange the letters to reveal the
words/terms being described. Write the answers on the space provided.
1. A N T I O S I L M I N S T I T U
An approach aligned to methods and approaches in
political science that has significance in society, implied
________________ as the regulations, orders and systems.
2. A N L A Y S S S I O P C H
________________ characterized as therapeutic techniques and set of
psychological theories initiated by Sigmund Freud
3. O T R L A N I A O C C I E H
________________ an individual action is based on their conduct on logical
process
4. L R F M O A I O N S I N S T I T U T
________________ These are institutions that are officially established
in one way or another
5. R E G D N E TUAQIYILEN

________________ This focuses on the rights and freedoms for women and
girls of all ages in the society.

6. I C R M E E H N T S E U
 ________________ The primary concern of this social science is the
philosophy of understanding (Geanellos, 1998).

Activity 2

Directions: Analyse the psychodynamics of the person’s personality in terms

of Id, Ego, and Superego. Analyse each situation and answer the
questions that follow. If needed you may write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

Situation 1
While walking towards the school canteen, you saw a student bullying another
student. He took the eyeglasses of another student and ran away. The bullied
student left crying in the corner. What will you do? Why?

Situation 2
You are a new student on campus. You like to be friends with some popular students
in your class. You approached one of them and introduced yourself. The leader of
the group told you that you have to prove to them first that you truly belong to their
company. Then, he gave an initiation task for you to do. You need to hang out with
them in the bar every night and drink hard liquor. What would you do if you were in
this situation? Why?

Situation 3
Your teacher gave the scope of topics included in the second quarterly examination
to the students ahead of time but you forgot to study the lessons the night before
the exam. You are not prepared to take the test and you cannot afford to fail because
you have already failed in the first quarter. Your seatmate offered you to copy some
of his/her answers for the test. What will you do? Why?
 Rubric for Open-ended Activities
Score Criteria
▪ All parts of the question are correctly answered.
4 ▪ An explanation stating the reason behind the answer is provided.
▪ Complete sentences are used.
▪ All parts of the question are correctly answered.
3 ▪ No explanation stating the reason behind the answer is provided.
▪ Complete sentences are used.
▪ Some parts of the question are correctly answered.
2 ▪ No explanation stating the reason behind the answer is provided.
▪ Complete sentences are used.
▪ One part of the question is correctly answered.
1 ▪ No explanation stating the reason behind the answer is provided.
▪ Sentences are incomplete.
0 ▪ No parts of the question are answered.

Activity 3.

Directions: Examine the constitutive nature of formal and informal institutions. Put a
check in the column okay or not okay about the work done by the
government and other institutions. Provide your reasons on the space
provided below.

Institutional Measures and Response to COVID 19 Pandemic Ok Not Ok

Government Bayanihan to Heal as One Act
DSWD 8K Social Amelioration program (SAP)
DOLE 5K grant under COVID-19 Adjustment Measure Program
New Normal way of Life
Social Distancing
Wearing of face mask

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Activity 4.

Directions: Put yourself in the given situations and think of your decisions based on
the given options and its consequences. Use a separate sheet of paper
for your answer.

Situations and Options Decision Consequences

1. You recently graduated from
Senior High school. Now, you
are thinking about what course
you are going to take in
college. You have the following
choices. What will you
choose? Why?
A. Take Education because you
like children and your mother
is also a teacher.
B. Take Medicine because you
dream of becoming a doctor, but
your parents cannot afford the
finances.

2. You already graduated in BS

Nursing and got your license. You
are now ready to work. You have
these options.
What will you choose? Why?

A. Work at a public hospital in

the country to serve my
fellowmen
B. Work abroad for better salary

3. You earned an exact amount of

money to buy your sister a cell
phone for her birthday. You have
the two options below. What will
you choose? Why?
A. Buy a brand-new Android
phone.

B. Buy a second-hand iPhone.

Activity 5.

Directions: Making a Position Paper. You will be tasked to write a position paper using
the concepts they learned on Human-Environment Systems. The theme of the paper
will be “Why should man be responsible for his environment?” Use a short bond paper
for this activity.
Rubrics

Content 20 points
Relevance to the Theme 15 points
Organization of Ideas 15 points
Total 50 points

Reflection:
Directions: Put a check on the blank which corresponds to how well you
learned the lesson.

Items Strongly Moderately Disagree

Agree Agree
I learned definition of psychoanalysis and
its proponent
I learned the different types of institutions

I learned the meaning of rational choice

and feminist theory

References:

Adams and Sydie (2003). Functionalism and Parsons. Retrieved from October 15,
2020 http://uregina.ca/~gingrich/250m3103.htm

Beystehner, Kristen M. (1998). Psychoanalysis: Freud's Revolutionary Approach to

Human Personality. Northwestern University. Retrieved October 10, 2020
from http:/ /www.personalityresearch.org/papers/beystehner.html

Brendon T., (2019) “What are the goals of Counselling?” Accessed August 20, 2020.
http://owlcation.com/social-sciences/What-are-the-goals-of counseling

Durkheim, E. 1961. Elementary Forms of Religious Life. Bk. 2. Chap. 5 & 7. Trans.
by J.W. Swain Collier. New York: Macmillan. Retrieved on August 20, 2020
from https://journals. library.ualberta.ca/cjs/index.php/CJS/article/.../17856/

Durkheim, E. 1984. Division of Labour in Society. Bk. 2. Chap. 2. Trans. by W. D.

Hall. New York: Macmillan. Retrieved on August 20, 2020 from
://www.jstor.org/stable/ 684937

Jigesh, K. (2010). “Counseling: Meaning, Techniques, and Principles” Department of

English/University of Idaho on Creative Nonfiction. Retrieved on August 20,
2020 https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/psychology/ counselling/counselling-
meaning-techniques-and-principles/83976
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (2001). Socialization
 and Education: Theoretical Perspectives K.A. Schneewind. Retrieved on
August 20, 2020 from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-
sciences/structuralfunctionalism

Liberto, Daniel (2020). Marxian Economics. Retrieved on August 20, 2020 from
https://www. investopedia.com/terms/m/marxian-economics.asp

Lumen Sociology. Module 1: Foundations of Sociology. Retrieved on August 20,

2020 from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/alamosociology/chapter/functionalism
/Reading: Structural-Functional Theory

Lumen Sociology. Module 12: Work and the Economy. Retrieved from Retrieved on
August 20, 2020 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/alamo-
sociology/chapter/readingtheoretical- perspectives-on-economics/

Malinowski, B. 1962. Anthropology. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. New York: York

University. Retrieved on August 20, 2020 from
https://www.britannica.com/topic/survivals

Marx, K. 1963. Selected Writing in Sociology and Philosophy. Ed. by T. B.

Bottomore. London: C. A. Watts and Co. Ltd. Retrieved on August 20, 2020
from https://www.amazon.com/...Marx-Selected-Sociology-Philosophy/.../
B0000CLUD8

Miller, K. Communication Theories: Perspectives, Processes and Contexts. 2nd

Retrieved October 10, 2020 Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005

OECD 1976 . “Measuring Social Well-Being: A Progress Report on the Development

Retrieved October 10, 2020 of Social Indicators”. Paris: OECD

Answer Key:

Activity 1. Activity 2. Answers may vary based on the rubrics

1. Institutionalism provided
2. Psychoanalysis
3. Rational choice
4. Formal institution
5. Gender Inequality
6. Hermeneutics

Activity 3. Answers may vary based on the Activity 4. Answers may vary based on the rubrics
rubrics provided provided
Activity 5. Answers may vary based on the rubrics provided

Prepared by:

Dennis Z. Bonifacio
Teacher II