LABORATORY TESTS RELEVANCE OF THE DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE

1. Chest Xray A chest X-ray is an imaging test that uses X-rays to look at the
structures and organs in the chest. This test is relevant to patient's
case because COVID-19 affects the lungs. Thus, chest X-rays
play a large part in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Important findings in this condition include increased whiteness
of the lungs, proportional to the severity of the disease. The
detection of lung consolidation in combination with laboratory
and clinical assessments could be useful in diagnosing this
disease early and reliably.
2. ABG (Arterial Blood Gases) An arterial blood gases (ABG) test measures the acidity (pH) and
the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from an
artery. This test is used to find out how well the lungs are able to
move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the
blood.
3. CBC This is a test to check the types and numbers of cells in the blood,
including red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. A CBC
helps the healthcare provider check any symptoms that may have,
such as weakness, fatigue, or bruising. A CBC also helps
diagnose conditions, such as anemia, infection, and many other
disorders.
4. Urinalysis A urinalysis is a simple test that looks at a small sample of the
urine. It can help find problems that need treatment, including
infections or kidney problems. Urinalysis unveil potential kidney
impairment of COVID-19 patients and it could be used to reflect
and predict the disease severity.
5. Blood Chemistry Blood chemistry tests give important information on a sample of
blood to measure the number of certain substances in the body.
These substances include electrolytes such as sodium, potassium,
and chloride. It also detects how well the patient's kidneys, liver,
and other organs working because it measures blood urea
nitrogen, creatinine, SGPT, LDH, Ferritin, Procalcitonin, D-
Dimer, and CRP.

Sodium - Sodium is both an electrolyte and mineral. It helps keep

the amount of fluid inside and outside the body's cells and
electrolyte balance of the body.

Potassium - Potassium is an essential nutrient that is found

throughout the body and is necessary for healthy cell activity.
Without potassium, the heart and other muscles cannot function.

Blood Urea Nitrogen - A blood urea nitrogen test can provide

insight into how well the kidneys are working. It does this by
measuring the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood.

Creatinine - Creatinine is a waste product that's typically filtered

out of the blood by the kidneys. Abnormal levels of creatinine
could be a sign of kidney failure.
 SGPT - SGPT is one of the enzymes that help the liver convert
food into energy. High levels of these enzymes can be a sign that
the liver is injured or irritated, and the enzymes are leaking out of
the liver cells.

LDH - Lactate dehydrogenase monitor disorders that cause tissue

damage. These include anemia, liver disease, lung disease, and
some types of infections.

Ferritin - A ferritin test measures how much iron in the body

stores. If a ferritin test reveals that the blood ferritin level is lower
than normal, it indicates the body's iron stores are low and may
indicate iron deficiency or anemic.

Procalcitonin - It is useful in helping to detect sepsis and severe

bacterial infections in the early stages and to distinguish between
a bacterial infection and other non-bacterial causes of signs and
symptoms in a seriously ill person.

D-dimer - D-dimer is a fibrin degradation product that is often

used to measure and assess clot formation. Amid the COVID-19
pandemic, elevated D-dimer levels have been associated with
disease severity and mortality trends.

CRP - Serum C‐reactive protein has been found as an important

marker that changes significantly in severe patients with COVID‐
19. CRP is a type of protein produced by the liver that serves as
an early marker of infection and inflammation.

6. CBG A blood glucose test is a blood test that screens for diabetes by
measuring the level of glucose (sugar) in a person's blood.
Normal blood glucose level (while fasting) range within 70 to 99
mg/dL (3.9 to 5.5 mmol/L). Higher ranges could indicate pre-
diabetes or diabetes.
7. 12 Lead ECG An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a medical test that detects heart
problems by measuring the electrical activity generated by the
heart as it contracts. The main purpose of the 12-lead ECG is to
screen patient for possible cardiac ischemia.