The medium through which sound propagates to reach us in all the given examples is air.

The
sounds such as ringing, human noise, and horn travels or reach us through air (gas).

In the first experiment, the sound propagates through air, because it was still placed in an open container.
On the other hand, in the second experiment, since the phone placed in an enclosed plastic bag dipped in
water in which there are no molecules or atom to induce vibrations, sound may not produce.

Annie heard the sound faster because the medium used in producing sound is a solid (wooden
table). So, the sound easily travels from one end to the other end of the table.

Sound travels through the vibration of atoms and molecules in a medium (such as air or water).
In outer space, where there is no air, sound has no way to travel that’s why astronauts cannot
hear each other in outer space.
Ripples in the water were produced because of the interaction
of the vibrating molecules of tuning fork and the molecules of
the water.

Compression happens when molecules are densely packed

together. Alternatively, rarefaction happens when molecules
are distanced from one another. As sound travels through a
medium, its energy causes the molecules to move, creating an
alternating compression and rarefaction pattern.

A compression is a region in a longitudinal wave where the particles are closest together. The
sound here propagates faster. While, a rarefaction is a region in a longitudinal wave where the
particles are furthest apart which the sound propagates slower.

The peaks region as compression is denser and has more

pressure than the lower region. While the trough region as the
rarefaction is less dense and pressure than the upper region.
 The rubber pipe filled with sand (Case A) is the case which sound of the
bell take least time to reach the other end of the pipe because sound
travels faster in solid.

The empty rubber pipe (Case C) is the case which sound of the bell take
the longest to reach the other end of the pipe because sound travels
slowest in gases or air.

Elephant’s thumping his feet to warn other animals in their group about
the presence of predators, helps to give warnings faster than the signals
sent through air because the sound or noise produces by the elephant’s
feet and the solid ground travels faster than making noise sent through air.