Inlnlnlnlnlnlnl

LISTENING POST-TEST (Paper)

SECTION 1
LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Time—approximately 35 minutes
( i n c l u d i n g t h e r e a d i n g o f t h e d i r e c t i o n s for e a c h part)

In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand
conversations and talks in English. There are three parts to this section. Answer all the questions on
the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers you hear. Do not take notes or write in your test
book at any time. Do not turn the pages until you are told to do so.

Part A

Directions: In Part A you will hear short conversations between two people. After each conversation,
you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will not be
repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the
best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Listen to an example. Sample Answer

®
On the recording, you hear: (g\
(man) That exam was just awful. g^
(woman) Oh, it could have been worse. **
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

In your test book, you read: (A) The exam was really awful.
(B) It was the worst exam she had ever seen.
(C) It couldn't have been more difficult.
(D) It wasn't that hard.

You learn from the conversation that the man thought the exam was very difficult and that the
woman disagreed with the man. The best answer to the question, "What does the woman
mean?" is (D), "It wasn't that hard." Therefore, the correct choice is (D).

Wait

POST-TEST (Paper)
 l D l D l D l D l D l D l D l
1. (A He'll correct the exams this afternoon. 8. She's found a new ring.
(B The exam will be at noon. She needs to help him find
(C He will collect the exams at 12:00. something.
(D The tests will be graded by noon. She's shopping for a carpet.
She's thankful she has a rag.
2. (A Martha applied for a visa last month.
(B Martha's visa will last for only a In a department store
month. In a bank
(C Martha arrived last month without In an accounting firm
her visa. In a checkout line
(D One month ago Martha got her visa.
10. Jane usually visits San Francisco for
3. (A The professor described what the her vacations.
students should do. B Jane's cousin often visits San
(B There was a long line to register for Francisco.
the required class. Whenever there's a holiday, Jane's
(C It is a requirement for each professor cousin goes to San Francisco.
to teach at least one course. D Whenever there's a holiday, Jane
(D The professor required the class to leaves San Francisco.
prepare an outline.
11. He'd really like to have something to
4. (A Chuck had improved. eat.
(B This visit was better than the last. Because he's weak, he can't eat.
(C Chuck looked at him in the hospital. It's been weeks since he's had
(D Chuck didn't seem to be doing very anything to eat.
well. He hasn't felt like eating for weeks.

5. (A She thinks the tuition should be 12. Traffic should not be allowed.
raised. She thinks that the traffic should stay
(B The semesters tuition is quite outside.
affordable. She agrees that the traffic is noisy.
(C She doesn't have enough money for She'll stay outside with the man.
her school fees.
(D She has more than enough for tuition. 13. The headings for today's reading
assignment.
6. (A He thinks he got a good grade. The chance to make the headlines.
(B The history grades were all C or Her reading ability.
above. The daily newspaper.
(C No one got history grades.
(D There were no high scores. 14. The bus trip is only five minutes long.
The man missed the bus by five
7. (A The parking lots were full before minutes.
10:00. The man should hurry to catch the
(B It was impossible to start class by bus.
10:00. The bus was five minutes late.
(C He parked the car before class at
10:00. 15. It's not possible to pass the class.
(D The possibility of finding a place to She'll definitely fail.
park increased. It's always possible.
She shouldn't say anything about the
class.

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166 LISTENING
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16. (A) She gave Tom money to pay the rent. 24. (A) He agrees with the woman's
(B) She was given money for the rent. suggestion.
(C) Tom borrowed money for the rent. Parking is not free on the weekend.
(D) She had some money to lend. It is not necessary for them to park.
He thinks they don't have to pay.
17. (A) The cake is extremely good.
(B) He never tasted the cake. 25. He is eager to leave his job.
(C) He wished he hadn't tasted the cake. He is unhappy at the thought of
(D) The cake has never been very good. retiring.
He couldn't be unhappier about
18. (A) At the corner she ran into another car. retiring.
(B) She ran to Carl because she cared. He is retiring too soon.
(C) She unexpectedly met one of her
relatives. 26. He got the car he really wanted.
(D) Carl was running from place to place. He didn't get a new car.
The car that he got was not his first
19. (A) She shouldn't leave her purse here. choice.
(B) She's probably in the apartment. He didn't really want a new car.
(C) Her purse must not be in the
apartment. 27. Mr. Drew pointedly asked the
(D) She left without taking her purse. president about the committee.
B The president pointed to Mr. Drew's
20. (A) The landlord failed to collect rent on head.
the first of last month. Mr. Drew became head of the new
(B) The tenants absolutely must pay rent commission.
at the beginning of the month. D Mr. Drew was committed to the
(C) The landlord will not fail to collect president's appointments.
your rent on the first of next month.
(D) It is important to call the landlord 28. She felt inferior.
about rent on the first of the month. She wasn't furious.
She felt there should have been more
21. (A) Taking the car out for a test drive fairness.
(B) Listening to the noises She was extremely angry.
(C) Fixing the car herself
(D) Getting the car repaired 29. The man would do the dishes.
The plates did not need to be washed.
22. (A) Martha s jobs are easy. The man would not be ready to go.
(B) It's easy to hold two jobs. The dishes would not be done.
(C) It's better for Martha to have two jobs.
(D) Martha should slow down. 30. He knew that grapes were cheaper
than cherries.
23. (A) The plane took off just after he B He didn't know that grapes were
arrived. cheaper than cherries.
(B) He arrived just after the plane took He bought grapes because they were
off. cheaper than cherries.
(C) He wasn't in time to catch the plane. D He didn't buy either grapes or
(D) He arrived too late to catch the plane. cherries because of the price.

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POST-TEST (Paper)
Inlnlnlnlnlnlnl
Part B

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation, you
will hear several questions. The conversations and questions will not be repeated.
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best
answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.

31. (A Attend a football game alone 35. (A Trash orbiting Earth

(B Go to a sporting event (B A trip by an astronaut to the Moon
(C Eat in the cafeteria and study (C The overabundance of garbage on
(D See a play Earth
(D Becoming space scientists
32. (A It's the final game of the season.
(B It's better than the drama 36. (A From a lecture
department's play. (B In a magazine article
(C It's a very important game. (C In a book
(D It's close to the cafeteria. (D On a television program

33. (A A play 37. (A 17,000 pounds

(B A game (B 3,000 tons
(C A study group meeting (C 3,000 pounds
(D Dinner in the cafeteria (D 300 tons

34. (A Saturday night 38. (A) She will be able to travel in space.
(B After dinner in the cafeteria (B) The problem will take care of itself.
(C Sunday afternoon (C) Scientists will find solutions to the
(D Maybe next weekend problem.
(D) The junk will fall to Earth.

LISTENING
I n l n l n l n l D ' l n l n l
PartC
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several talks. After each talk, you will hear some
questions. The talks and questions will not be repeated.
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best
answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Here is an example.

On the recording, you hear:

(narrator) Listen to an instructor talk to his class about painting.

(man) Artist Grant Wood was a guiding force in the school'of painting known as American
regionalist, a style reflecting the distinctive characteristics of art from rural areas of
the United States. Wood began drawing animals on the family farm at the age of three,
and when he was thirty-eight one of his paintings received a remarkable amount of
. public notice and acclaim. This painting, called "American Gothic," is a starkly
simple depiction of a serious couple staring directly out at the viewer.

Now listen to a sample question. Sample Answer

(A)
(narrator) What style of painting is known as American regionalist? ^.

In your test book, you read: (A) Art from America s inner cities ^=^
(B) Art from the central region of the w
United States
(C) Art from various urban areas in the
United States
(D) Art from rural sections of America

The best answer to the question "What style of painting is known as American regionalist?" is (D),
"Art from rural sections of America." Therefore, the correct choice is (D).

Now listen to another sample question. Sample Answer

(A)
(narrator) What is the name of Wood's most successful painting?

In your test book, you read: (A) "American Regionalist" ^

(B) "The Family Farm in Iowa" ^S)
(C) "American Gothic"
(D) "A Serious Couple"

The best answer to the question, "What is the name of Wood's most successful painting?" is (C),
"American Gothic." Therefore, the correct choice is (C).
Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.

Wait

POST-TEST (Paper)
nlnlnlnlnlnlnl
On the first day of class 46. (A) Preparing for a trip
In the middle of the semester (B) Writing a report about the weather
At the end of class (C) Beginning a study of the weather
In the final week of the semester (D) Buying warm clothes for a trip

Later today 47. (A) Modern American Authors

By Friday of this week (B) United States History
In two weeks (C) American Democracy
In three weeks (D) Nineteenth-Century American
Literature
Journal and magazine articles
Books from outside the library 48. (A) The death of Abraham Lincoln
Books listed in student journals (B) The beauty of American democracy
Both books and journals (C) The raising of plants
(D) The maturity of poetry
Two
Three 49. (A) It's a poem about the author.
Five (B) It's a poem about Abraham Lincoln.
Seven (C) It's a collection of twelve poems that
remained unchanged.
In winter (D) It's a volume of poetry that grew with
In spring its author.
In summer
In fall 50. (A) "Leaves of Grass"
(B) "Song of Myself"
Seasonable, with warm summers and (C) "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard
cold winters Bloomed"
Fairly constant and moderate (D) "American Democracy"
Very humid
Extremely hot year-round

They come from the Southwest.

They come most days of the year.
They are the hardest during the night.
They increase the humidity.

This is the end of Section 1

Stop work on Section 1.

Turn off the recording.

(STOPJ (STOPJ (STOPJ [STOP] (STOPJ [STOP] [STOP]

2o2o2°2<>2o2°2o2
STRUCTURE POST-TEST (Paper)
SECTION 2
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
Time—25 minutes
(including the reading of the directions)
N o w s e t y o u r c l o c k for 2 5 m i n u t e s .

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for
standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for
each type.

Structure

Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words
or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the
sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the
oval cannot be seen.
Look at the following examples.

Example I Sample Answer

The president . the election by a landslide.

o
(A) won
(B) he won ®
(C) yesterday
(D) fortunately

The sentence should read, "The president won the election by a landslide." Therefore, you should
choose (A).

Example II Sample Answer

®
When . the conference?
o
(A) the doctor attended ©
(B) did the doctor attend ®
(C) the doctor will attend
(D) the doctors attendance

The sentence should read, "When did the doctor attend the conference?" Therefore, you should
choose (B).
Now, begin work on the questions.

GOO N TOJH E NEXTYAGE}

POST-TEST (Paper) 331

 2°2o2o2o2°2°2°2
range in color from pale yellow to 7. The Caldecott Medal, for the best
bright orange. children's picture book, is awarded each
January.
(A) Canaries
(B) Canaries which (A) is a prize which
(C) That canaries (B) which prize
(D) Canaries that are (C) which is a prize
(D) is a prize
Carnivorous plants insects to obtain
nitrogen. 8. Sports medicine is a medical specialty that
deals with the identification and treatment
(A) are generally trapped of injuries to persons
(B) trap generally
(C) are trapped generally (A) sports are involved
(D) generally trap (B) involved in sports
(C) they are involved in sports
3. A federal type of government results in (D) sports involve them

9. The Wilmington Oil Field, in Long Beach,

(A) a vertical distribution of power
California, is one of oil fields in the
(B) power is distributed vertically continental United States.
(C) vertically distributed
(D) the distribution of power is vertical (A) productive
(B) the most productive
February normally has twenty-eight days, (C) most are productive
but every fourth year, has twenty- (D) productivity
nine.
10. Thunder occurs as through air,
(A) there
causing the heated air to expand and
(B) its
collide with layers of cooler air.
(C) is a leap year
(D) a leap year, it (A) an electrical charge
(B) passes an electrical charge
Evidence suggests that one-quarter of (C) the passing of an electrical charge
operations bypass surgery may be (D) an electrical charge passes
unnecessary.
11. The population of Houston was ravaged by
(A) they involve yellow fever in 1839 in 1867.
(B) involve
(C) involving (A) it happened again
(D) which they involve (B) and again
(C) was ravaged again
a tornado spins in a (D) again once more
counterclockwise direction in the northern
hemisphere, it spins in the opposite
direction in the southern hemisphere.
(A) However
(B) Because of
(C) Although
(D) That

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332 STRUCTURE
 °2°2<>2°2°2o2°2
Researchers have long debated 14. The flight instructor, at the air base,
Saturn's moon Titan contains hydrocarbon said that orders not to fight had been
oceans and lakes. issued.
(A) over it (A) when interviewed
(B) whether the (B) when he interviewed
(C) whether over (C) when to interview
(D) whether (D) when interviewing

According to Bernoulli's principle, the 15. In the northern and central parts of the
higher the speed of a fluid gas, the state of Idaho and churning rivers.
pressure.
(A) majestic mountains are found
(A) it will be lower (B) are majestic mountains found
(B) lower than the (C) are found majestic mountains
(C) the lower (D) finding majestic mountains
(D) lower it is

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POST-TEST (Paper)
2°2°2°2o2o2o2°2
W r i t t e n Expression

Directions; In questions 16-40, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four
underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word
or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet,
find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you
have chosen.
Look at the following examples.

Example I Sample Answer

(A)
The four string on a violin are tuned ^
~A~ ~"B~~ "C D~~ 5?
in fifths. (g)

The sentence should read, "The four strings on a violin are tuned in fifths." Therefore, you should
choose (B).

Example II Sample Answer

(A)
The research for the book Roots taking ^T
^B
A B C _
o
Alex Haley twelve years. (g)
D
The sentence should read, "The research for the book Roots took Alex Haley twelve years." Therefore,
you should choose (C).
Now, begin work on the questions.

^ 0 5NiO^E^^^^E^

STRUCTURE
 o2<>2°2o2°2°2o2
16. Light can travels from the Sun to the Earth in eight minutes and twenty seconds.
___ B c D

17. Every human typically have twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in most cells.
A B~~ C D

18. In the sport of fencing, three type of swords are used: the foil, the epee, and
~~A B~~ ~C~ D
the sabre.

19. The Internal Revenue Service uses computers to check tax return computations, to
~A~ B
determine the reasonableness of deductions, and for verifying the accuracy of
C
reported_ income.

20. There was four groups of twenty rats each involved in the test.
~A~ B C IT

21. The type of jazz known as "swing" was introduced by Duke Ellington when he wrote
A B ~C
and records "It Don't Mean a Thing If It Ain't Got That Swing."
I)

22. The bones of mammals, not alike those of other vertebrates, show a high degree
A B~~ ~ C ~ T "
of differentiation.

23. The United States receives a large amount of revenue from taxation of a tobacco
A B C D
products.

24. Much fats are composed of one molecule

_ _ _ _
of glycerin combined
_
with three molecules

of fatty acids.
D

25. The capital of the Confederacy was originally in Mobile, but they were moved
A B C D -
to Richmond.

26. A pearl develops when a tiny grain of sand or some another irritant accidentally
_ _ _ _ _

enters into the shell of a pearl oyster.

D

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POST-TEST (Paper)
2°2°2°2°2°2°2o2
27. The English horn is an alto oboe with a pitch one fifth lower as that of the
A B ~C ^ ~
soprano oboe.

28. In the Milky Way galaxy, the most recent observed supernova appeared in 1604.
A B~~ C D

29. Although the name suggests otherwise, the ship known as Old Ironsides was built of
A B C
oak and cedar rather than it was built of iron.
D

30. Never in the history of humanity there have been more people living on this
A B C Ir­
relatively small planet.

31. Because of the mobile of Americans today, it is difficult for them to put down
A ~B~ ~C~
real roots.
D

32. For five years after the Civil War, Robert E. Lee served to president of Washington
A B"
College, which later was called Washington and Lee.
~C~ D

33. Doctors successfully used hypnosis during World War II to treat fatigue battle.
A ~~B C I)

34. The lobster, like many crustaceans, can cast off a damaging appendage and
~A~T~ C
regenerate a new appendage to nearly normal size.
D

35. The main cause of the oceans' tides is the gravitation pull of the Moon.
A B C D

36. The curricula of American public schools are set in individual states; they
~A~ ~B~~C~~
do not determine by the federal government.
D

37. The fact that the sophisticated technology has become part of revolution in travel
A B"
delivery systems has not made travel schedules less hectic.
C D^

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STRUCTURE
2o2o2°2<>2°2o2o2
38. Balanchine's plotless ballets, such Jewels and The Four Temperaments, present dance
A ~^B~ C
purely as a celebration of the movement of the human body.
D

39. In a solar battery, a photosensitive semiconducting substance such as silicon crystal

A B
is the source of electrician.
C D

40. In early days hydrochloric acid was done by heating a mixture of sodium chloride
A ~^B~ C
with iron sulfate.

This is the end of Section 2.

If you finish before 25 minutes has ended,
check your work on Section 2 only.

[STOP] [STOP] [STOP] [STOP [STOP] [STOP[ [STOP]

POST-TEST (Paper) 337

 3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3
READING POST-TEST (Paper)
SECTION 3
READING COMPREHENSION
Time—55 minutes
(including the reading of the directions)
Now set your clock for 55 minutes.

This section is designed to measure your ability to read and understand short passages similar in
topic and style to those that students are likely to encounter in North American universities and
colleges.

Directions; In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of
questions about it. You are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. Then,
on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the
letter of the answer you have chosen.
Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in
that passage.
Read the following passage:

John Quincy Adams, who served as the sixth president of the United States from 1825
to 1829, is today recognized for his masterful statesmanship and diplomacy. He dedicated his
life to public service, both in the presidency and in the various other political offices that he
Line held. Throughout his political career he demonstrated his unswerving belief in freedom of
(5) speech, the antislavery cause, and the right of Americans to be free from European and Asian
domination.

Example I Sample Answer

®
To what did John Quincy Adams devote his life?
o
(A) Improving his personal life ©
(B) Serving the public ®
(C) Increasing his fortune
(D) Working on his private business

According to the passage, John Quincy Adams "dedicated his life to public service." Therefore, you
should choose (B).

Example II Sample Answer

®
In line 4, the word "unswerving" is closest in meaning to
®
(A) moveable o
(B) insignificant ®
(C) unchanging
(D) diplomatic

The passage states that John Quincy Adams demonstrated his unswerving belief "throughout his
career." This implies that the belief did not change. Therefore, you should choose (C).
Now begin work on the questions.
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f
452 READING
3 A 3 A 3 A 3 A 3 A 3 A 3 A 3
Questions 1-10
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves in front of the Sun and hides at least some part of
the Sun from the earth. In a partial eclipse, the Moon covers part of the Sun; in an annular eclipse,
the Moon covers the center of the Sun, leaving a bright ring of light around the Moon; in a total
eclipse, the Sun is completely covered by the Moon.
It seems rather improbable that a celestial body the size of the Moon could completely block out
the tremendously immense Sun, as happens during a total eclipse, but this is exactly what happens.
Although the Moon is considerably smaller in size than the Sun, the Moon is able to cover the Sun
because of their relative distances from Earth. A total eclipse can last up to 7 minutes, during which
time the Moon's shadow moves across Earth at a rate of about .6 kilometers per second.

1. This passage mainly What is the meaning of "block out" in

line 5?
(A) describes how long an eclipse will last
(B) gives facts about the Moon (A) Square
(C) explains how the Sun is able to (B) Cover
obscure the Moon (C) Evaporate
(D) informs the reader about solar (D) Shrink
eclipses
According to the passage, how can the
2. In which type of eclipse is the Sun Moon hide the Sun during a total eclipse?
obscured in its entirety?
(A) The fact that the Moon is closer to
(A) A partial eclipse Earth than the Sun makes up for
(B) An annular eclipse the Moon's smaller size.
(C) A total eclipse (B) The Moon can only obscure the Sun
(D) A celestial eclipse because of the Moon's great
distance from the earth.
3. The word "ring" in line 3 could best be (C) Because the Sun is relatively close to
replaced by Earth, the Sun can be eclipsed by
the Moon.
(A) piece of gold (D) The Moon hides the Sun because of
(B) circle the Moon's considerable size.
(C) jewel
(D) bell

4. A "celestial body" in line 5 is most

probably one that is found
(A) within the Moon's shadow
(B) somewhere in the sky
(C) on the surface of the Sun
(D) inside Earth's atmosphere

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POST-TEST (Paper)
 3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3
7. The word "relative" in line 8 could best be 9. The word "rate" in line 9 is closest in
replaced by meaning to
(A) familial (A) form
(B) infinite (B) speed
(C) comparative (C) distance
(D) paternal (D) rotation

8. The passage states that which of the 10. Where in the passage does the author
following happens during an eclipse? mention the rate of a total eclipse?
(A) The Moon hides from the Sun. (A) Lines 1-2
(B) The Moon is obscured by the Sun. (B) Lines 2-4
(C) The Moon begins moving at a speed (C) Lines 5-6
of .6 kilometers per second. (D) Lines 8-9
(D) The Moon's shadow crosses Earth.

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454 READING
 3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3
Questions 11-20
While the bald eagle is one national symbol of the United States, it is not the only one. Uncle
Sam, a bearded gentleman costumed in the red, white, and blue stars and stripes of the nation's flag,
is another well-known national symbol. According to legend, this character is based on Samuel
Line Wilson, the owner of a meat-packing business in Troy, New York. During the War of 1812, Sam
(5) Wilsons company was granted a government contract to supply meat to the nation's soldiers; this
meat was supplied to the army in barrels stamped with the initials U.S., which stood for United
States. However, the country was at that time relatively young, and the initials U.S. were not
commonly used. Many people questioned what the initials represented, and the standard reply
became "Uncle Sam," for the owner of the barrels. It is now generally accepted that the figure of
(10) Uncle Sam is based on Samuel Wilson, and the U.S. Congress has made it official by adopting a
resolution naming Samuel Wilson as the inspiration for Uncle Sam.

11. The paragraph preceding this passage 16. The word "granted" in line 5 means
most probably discusses
(A) refused
(A) the War of 1812 (B) underbid for
(B) the bald eagle, which symbolizes the (C) told about
United States (D) given
(C) Sam Wilson's meat-packing company
(D) the costume worn by Uncle Sam 17. According to the passage, what was in the
barrels stamped U.S.?
12. Which of the following is the most
(A) Sam Wilson
appropriate title for this passage?
(B) Food for the army
(A) The Bald Eagle (C) Weapons to be used in the war
(B) The Symbols of the United States (D) Company contracts
(C) Samuel Wilson
(D) Uncle Sam—Symbol of the Nation 18. The word "initials" in line 6 means
(A) nicknames
13. Which of the following is NOT mentioned
(B) family names
about Uncle Sam's appearance?
(C) first letters of words
(A) He wears facial hair. (D) company names
(B) There is some blue in his clothing.
(C) He is bald. 19. The word "official" in line 10 is closest in
(D) His clothes have stripes in them. meaning to
(A) authorized
14. The word "costumed" in line 2 could most
(B) professional
easily be replaced by
(C) dutiful
(A) dressed (D) accidental
(B) nationalized
(C) hidden 20. In 1812, people most probably answered
(D) seen that the letters "U.S." written on the
barrels stood for "Uncle Sam" because
15. Sam Wilson was the proprietor of what
(A) Congress required it
type of business?
(B) Samuel Wilson was their favorite
(A) A costume company uncle
(B) A meat-packing company (C) Sam Wilson preferred it
(C) A military clothier (D) they were not exactly sure what the
(D) A barrel-making company letters meant

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POST-TEST (Paper) 455

 3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3
Questions 21-31
Most people think of deserts as dry, flat areas with little vegetation and little or no rainfall, but
this is hardly true. Many deserts have varied geographical formations ranging from soft, rolling hills
to stark, jagged cliffs, and most deserts have a permanent source of water. Although deserts do not
Line receive a high amount of rainfall—to be classified as a desert, an area must get less than twenty-five
(5) centimeters of rainfall per year—there are many plants that thrive on only small amounts of water,
and deserts are often full of such plant life.
Desert plants have a variety of mechanisms for obtaining the water needed for survival. Some
plants, such as cactus, are able to store large amounts of water in their leaves or stems; after a rainfall
these plants absorb a large supply of water to last until the next rainfall. Other plants, such as the
(10) mesquite, have extraordinarily deep root systems that allow them to obtain water from far below the
desert's arid surface.
21. What is the main topic of the passage? 27. The word "mechanisms" in line 7 could
(A) Deserts are dry, flat areas with few most easily be replaced by
plants. (A) machines
(B) There is little rainfall in the desert. (B) pumps
(C) Many kinds of vegetation can survive (C) sources
with little water. (D) methods
(D) Deserts are not really flat areas with
little plant life. 28. Which of the following is mentioned in the
passage about cacti?
22. The passage implies that (A) They have deep root systems.
(A) the typical conception of a desert is (B) They retain water from one rainfall to
incorrect the next.
(B) all deserts are dry, flat areas (C) They survive in the desert because
(C) most people are well informed about they do not need water.
deserts (D) They get water from deep below the
(D) the lack of rainfall in deserts causes surface of the desert.
the lack of vegetation
29. "Mesquite" in line 10 is probably
23. The passage describes the geography of (A) a type of tree
deserts as (B) a desert animal
(A) flat (C) a type of cactus
(B) sandy (D) a geographical formation in the desert
(C) varied
(D) void of vegetation 30. The word "arid" in line 11 means
(A) deep
24. The word "source" in line 3 means (B) dry
(A) supply (C) sandy
(B) storage space (D) superficial
(C) need
(D) lack 31. Where in the passage does the author
describe desert vegetation that keeps water
25. According to the passage, what causes an in its leaves?
area to be classified as a desert? (A) Lines 1-2
(A) The type of plants (B) Lines 3-6
(B) The geographical formations (C) Lines 7-9
(C) The amount of precipitation (D) Lines 9-11
(D) The source of water
26. The word "thrive" in line 5 means
(A) suffer
(B) grow well
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(D) decay ... .«- .. ^_ ^ —„^,»_. ^w

456 READING
3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3
Questions 32-41
American jazz is a conglomeration of sounds borrowed from such varied sources as American
and African folk music, European classical music, and Christian gospel songs. One of the
recognizable characteristics of jazz is its use of improvisation: certain parts of the music are written
out and played the same way by various performers, and other improvised parts are created
spontaneously during a performance and vary widely from performer to performer.
The earliest form of jazz was ragtime, lively songs or rags performed on the piano, and the best-
known of the ragtime performers and composers was Scott Joplin. Born in 1868 to former slaves,
Scott Joplin earned his living from a very early age playing the piano in bars along the Mississippi.
One of his regular jobs was in the Maple Leaf Club in Sedalia, Missouri. It was there that he began
writing the more than 500 compositions that he was to produce, the most famous of which was "The
Maple Leaf Rag."

32. This passage is about 36. Which of the following statements is true
according to the passage?
(A) jazz in general and one specific type
ofjazz (A) Scott Joplin was a slave when he
(B) the various sources of jazz was born.
(C) the life of Scott Joplin (B) Scott Joplin's parents had been slaves
(D) the major characteristics of jazz before Scott was born.
(C) Scott Joplin had formerly been a
33. The word "conglomeration" in line 1 could slave, but he no longer was
best be replaced by after 1868.
(D) Scott Joplin's parents were slaves
(A) disharmony when Scott was born.
(B) mixture
(C) purity 37. The word "living" in line 8 could most
(D) treasure easily be replaced by
34. In line 3, the word "improvisation" (A) money
involves which of the following? (B) life-style
(C) enjoyment
(A) Playing the written parts of the music (D) health
(B) Performing similarly to other
musicians
(C) Making up music while playing
(D) Playing a varied selection of musical
compositions

35. According to the passage, ragtime was

(A) generally performed on a variety of
instruments
(B) the first type of jazz
(C) extremely soothing and sedate
(D) performed only at the Maple Leaf
Club in Sedalia

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POST-TEST (Paper)
 3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3
38. The word "regular" in line 9 could best be 40. The name of Scott Joplin s most famous
replaced by composition probably came from
(A) popular (A) the name of a saloon where
(B) steady he performed
(C) unusual (B) the maple tree near his Sedalia home
(D) boring (C) the name of the town where he
was born
39. The word "which" in line 10 refers to (D) the school where he learned to play
the piano
(A) regular jobs
(B) the Maple Leaf Club 41. The paragraph following the passage
(C) Sedalia, Missouri probably discusses
(D) 500 compositions
(A) Sedalia, Missouri
(B) the Maple Leaf Club
(C) the numerous compositions of Scott
Joplin
(D) the life of Scott Joplin

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458 READING
 3 A 3 A 3 A 3 A 3 A 3 A 3 A 3
Questions 42-50
The idea of determinism, that no event occurs in nature without natural causes, has been
postulated as a natural law yet is under attack on both scientific and philosophical grounds. Scientific
laws assume that a specific set of conditions will unerringly lead to a predetermined outcome.
Line However, studies in the field of physics have demonstrated that the location and speed of minuscule
(5) particles such as electrons are the result of random behaviors rather than predictable results
determined by pre-existing conditions. As a result of these studies, the principle of indeterminacy was
formulated in 1925 by Werner Heisenberg. According to this principle, only the probable behavior of
an electron can be predicted. The inability to absolutely predict the behavior of electrons casts doubt
on the universal applicability of a natural law of determinism. Philosophically, the principal
(10) opposition to determinism emanates from those who see humans as creatures in possession of free
will. Human decisions may be influenced by previous events, but the ultimate freedom of humanity
may possibly lead to unforeseen choices, those not preordained by preceding events.

42. It is implied in the passage that a natural 45. The word "minuscule" in line 4 is closest in
law meaning to
(A) is something that applies to science (A) charged
only (B) fast-moving
(B) can be incontrovertibly found in the (C) circular
idea of determinism (D) tiny
(C) is philosophically unacceptable
(D) is a principle to which there is no 46. According to the passage, which of the
exception following is NOT true about the principle
of indeterminacy?
43. The word "unerringly" in line 3 could be
most easily replaced by (A) It was formulated based on studies in
physics.
(A) fortunately (B) It is philosophically unacceptable.
(B) effortlessly (C) It has been in existence for more than
(C) without mistake a decade.
(D) with guidance (D) It is concerned with the random
behavior of electrons.
44. The idea of determinism is refuted in this
passage based on
(A) scientific proof
(B) data from the science and philosophy
of determinism
(C) principles or assumptions from
different fields of study
(D) philosophical doubt about free will

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POST-TEST (Paper) 459

 3 A 3 A 3 A 3 A 3 A 3 A 3 A 3
47. The expression "emanates from" in line 10 49. The word "unforeseen" in line 12 is closest
could most easily be replaced by in meaning to
(A) derives from (A) forewarned
(B) differs from (B) blind
(C) is in contrast to (C) unappreciated
(D) is subordinate to (D) unpredictable

48. It is implied in the passage that free will is 50. Where in the passage does the author
mention who developed the contrary
(A) accepted by all philosophers principle to determinism?
(B) a direct outcome of Werner s principle
of indeterminacy (A) Lines 1-2
(C) the antithesis of determinism (B) Lines 6-7
(D) a natural law (C) Lines 8-9
(D) Lines 9-13

This is the end of Section 3.

STOP STOP STOP STOP STOP STOP STOP

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460 READING