CHAPTER-9

CROP PRODUCTION AND ITS MANAGEMENT

D-BIT QUESTION ANSWERS

1.Why is the use of a seed drill more advantageous as compared to sowing

seeds by broadcasting?
Ans: 1. It saves time and energy of the farmer.
2.Seeds are dropped at proper distances and depth.
3.Ploughing and sowing of seeds can be done simultaneously.

2.Babu wants to practice crop rotation Help him by suggesting what kind of
crops can be grown between two consecutive cereal crops? Also provide him
names of one rabi and one kharif crop that can be used to replenish the
nitrogen content of the soil.
Ans: Leguminous plants like pea and beans.
Kharif crop-soya bean
Rabi crop- linseed
3.If rice is sown in the month of November, how is the produce likely to be
impacted? And why?
Ans:1. If rice is sown in the month of November, the produce (grains) will not
be of desired quality or we may not get the produce. (grains)
2.Rice is a kharif crop. It requires more amount of water and high
temperature.so we did not get produce if we sown in the month of November.
4.What are crumbs? Why should they be broken?
Ans A ploughing field has big pieces of land called crumbs. These crumbs are
crushed with the help of wooden plank to make the soil particles loose. This
enhance the water retaining capacity of the soil. This improves the air
circulation.
5.Define the term transplantation. List any two advantages it offers to the
farmer.
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Ans: In some crops like paddy, tomato, chilly seeds are sown in a small plot of
land called nursery. When seedlings are formed they are manually planted in
the field. This is called transplantation. It enables the farmer to selectively
cultivate only healthy plants.
In case of paddy seedlings are planted in standing water at appropriate
distances. This ensures uniform availability of sunlight, water and nutrients to
the plants.
E BIT QUESTION ANSWERS
1.State the advantages of ploughing the soil. State the different ways
through which it is done.
Ans: Ploughing has the following advantages.
• It improves air circulation, so that roots can respire easily.
• Roots can penetrate deeper into the soil, this enables them to hold the
plant firmly.
• Ploughing enhances the water retaining capacity of the soil.
• Ploughing uproots the weeds growing in the field, it also aids in the
growth of the microbes.
2.Both manures and fertilisers replenish soil fertility.Compare and
contrast the advantages and disadvantages of using them.
Ans:
MANURES FERTILISERS
These are decomposed plant and These are chemical substances
animal waste rich in nutrients. rich in specific nutrients like
nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium.
Manures not only increase the Fertilisers fulfil the specific
fertility of the soil ,but also demand of nutrients of the soil
enhance the water holding which is required.
capacity of the soil.
Manures are cost effective. Fertilisers are expensive.
Manures are eco friendly. Over use of fertilisers can change
the chemical nature of the soil.
For preparing manures it will take They are soluble in water,so
15 to 20 days time. readily absorbed by the plants.

3.Explain how weeds are harmful for the plants. State the different ways of
weed removal practice by farmers.
Ans: * weeds are unwanted plants that grow along with the crops. Weeds
harm the crops as they use up the nutrients which are meant for the crops.
*They also compete for water and light.Thus effect the production of crop.
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The various ways of removing the weeds are

1.Manual removal
2.Tilling before sowing
3.Weedicides

4.Give reasons
a)Excess water can damage crops
Excess water supply can reduce air in the soil spaces and can cause water
logging. This can damage the plant roots and can cause them to die.

b)Grains are not stored without sun drying.

Grains are sundried before storing to prevent the growth of microbes on them.

c) Overuse of pesticides
1. Overuse can change the chemical nature of soil.
2. Can damage the aquatic ecosystem.

5. Bhala’s field is ready with a mature wheat crop. List and explain the steps
he would have to undertake before selling the grains to the FCI(Food
Corporation of India)
Steps to be taken by Bhala before selling grains to FCI are:
A) Harvesting: Cutting and gathering of crops after maturation is known as
harvesting. Harvesting of crops like wheat and rice is done with the help of a
sickle.
B) Threshing: After harvesting, grains are separated from the cut crop. This
process is called threshing. This can be done manually or with the help of
machine called thresher. In large fields, a farm machine called combine is often
used. This machine can do both threshing and harvesting.
C) Winnowing: After threshing, grains are separated from the chaff. This
process is known as winnowing. The mixture is dropped on the ground from a
height. The heavier seeds fall vertically down while lighter chaff is blown away
to the distance by the wind.
D) Storage: Harvested food grains often contain more moisture than is suitable
for their storage. Hence, these grains are sundried before storing. This
prevents growth of microbes on them.
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6. Define hybridization. List the steps for obtaining seeds of a hybrid variety.
A way of improving yield is by developing new varieties of crops. This can be
done by cross breeding two different varieties. This phenomenon is known as
hybridization. Steps to be followed for obtaining seeds of a hybrid variety are:
➢ Two varieties of plants say A and B of desired characteristics are chosen.
➢ Anthers of plant A are removed. This process is called emasculation.
➢ Anthers from plant B are taken and its pollen are dusted on stigmas of A.
Stigmas of A are covered by paper bags.
➢ By such cross breeding of two varieties, seeds of hybrid variety can be
obtained.