Universidad de Manila

College of Health and Sciences

Midterm Examination
RIZAL
Karla Robelle Bustos BSPT-11
A. Answer briefly but comprehensively the ff: questions:

1. Why is Gov- General Miguel Lopez de Legaspi called the “Adelantado

of the Philipinnes”
• Gov. Legaspi claimed Guam for Spain, was later granted
possession of Guam and Rota by the Spanish King Philip II and
given the prestigious title adelantado of the Ladrone Islands, as
partial payment for his services to the Crown.

2. Differentiate Alcaldias from Corregimientos

• Alcadias the administrative and judicial leader of a town or village
in Spain or areas controlled or influenced by Spain. His
responsibilities shifted to being primarily administrative, with little
court involvement. Alcaldes de hermandad were local police and
judicial officers. while the corregimientos is In Spain and its colonial
empire, he worked as a local administrative and judicial authority.
They were the royal representatives in charge of a town and its
territory.

3. What are the causes/factors for the instability of the Spanish colonial
government in the Philippines? Discuss each factor (4 factors) briefly.
• Dumping ground of the relatives of Spanish politicians.
The Filipinos were unfortunate victims of an unjust, discriminatory,
and declining power at the time. The political anarchy in Spain
began with the instability of Spanish politics during King Ferdinand
VII's stormy reign (1808-1833).
• Administration was inefficient and corrupt.
This political instability in Spain had a negative impact on Philippine
affairs since it resulted in frequent policy swings and the rigodon of
colonial authorities.
• Short tenure of the governor general’s
1835 to 1897: 50 Governor-Generals each serving an average term
of only one year and three months.
• Frequent changes in the colonial administrators of the Philippines.
The main source of colonial administration instability is the regular
changes of governors who would be members of political parties.
These governors don't normally sit for extended periods of time,
which means there's a greater risk they'll corrupt the city they're in
charge of.
4. Prove that there was racial discrimination among the people during
the Spanish period:
a) between Peninsulares and Insulares
• Peninsulares are pure blooded Spaniards born from Spain and sent
to Spanish colonies to govern. The Insulares, on the other hand, are
Spaniards who were born in the Philippines. They hold positions in
the government and the church.
b) between the Spaniards and Filipinos
• The Spaniards regarded the Filipinos as a second-class race,
mockingly referring to them as indios. indios is a negrito and a
native. Discrimination against Filipinos was rampant in universities,
government institutions, the church, and the legal system.

5. How was religion (Christianity) utilized by the Spaniards in controlling

the minds of our people?
• Catholic leaders were concerned that increased education would
lead to Filipino independence, a loss of Church authority over the
populace, and a loss of revenue for both the Church and the
Spanish Crown.
6. Why were the friars the most powerful group of people during the
Spanish period?
• Because they have the highest position in the philippines that time
and they have the power to do anything.
7. Characterize the educational system in our country during the Spanish
period
• During the Spanish colonization, the pre-Spanish educational
system underwent significant alterations. The Spanish Missionaries
took the place of the tribal tutors. Primary education was free, and
Spanish classes were required. During that time, education was
insufficient, censored, and controlled. The focus of education was
on religion. It was reserved for the upper crust, particularly during
the early years of Spanish colonization.
8. Define frailocracy. Why was the Colonial government under Spain a
frailocracy?
• Frailocracy Is the so-called name for those in government who had
a negative reputation during the Spanish colonization of the
Philippines. This group of people was so powerful in the 19th
century that they were able to rule the Philippines. During the 19th
century the spanish friars were so powerful and prominent in the
Philippines during the later decades of the nineteenth century that
they effectively governed the country.
9. Cite instances that there was a union of the Church and state during
the Spanish period. Discuss how this situation affected our people
during the Spanish period.
• During the colonial period of Spain. In order to convert the natives
of the Philippines, the church and the government join forces.
Filipinos have been profoundly impacted by the merger of the
union and the state. Because the union and the state have the
same powers.
10. Give the 2 kinds of priests during the Spanish period. What was the
main responsibility of each of these priests
• Regular Priest- Religious priests are not necessarily more spiritual
than diocesan priests. The word refers in this case to the form of life
these priests live. All men and women who make public vows in a
religious order are called religious. It means that by their vows of
poverty, celibate chastity, and obedience, their lives are oriented
in a special way to the virtue of religion so that all they do
becomes a continual act of the worship of God.
• Secular Priest- Secular priests are priests who are ordained for a
particular diocese and who serve ordinarily in parishes. This is their
main work, although some are engaged in other ministries as well.
At their ordination as deacons they incardinate with a particular
diocese or archdiocese. At this time they make a promise to obey
their bishop and, in the Western Church, to remain celibate.