HISTORY OF MANILA!

GROUP 2
ORIGIN OF
ITS NAME
 The city’s name, originally Maynilad, is
derived from the nilad plant, a flowering
shrub adapted to marshy conditions, which
once grew profusely along the banks of the
river; the name was shortened first to
Maynila and then to its present form.
 FOUNDING OF
MANILA AND ITS
OFFICIAL SEAL
Since the Spanish colonial period, Manila was considered as one of the original
global cities. The Manila galleon was the first known commercially traveled
trade route that sail the Pacific for 250 years, bringing to Spain their cargoes of
luxury goods, economic benefits, and cultural exchange.

Spanish conquistadors under the leadership of Miguel López de Legazpi—first

Spanish governor-general of the Philippines—entered the mouth of the river in
1571. They destroyed the settlement and founded the fortress city of Intramuros
in its place. Manila became the capital of the new colony.
The Spanish city of Manila was founded on June 24, 1571, by Spanish
conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi.

This is regarded as the city's official founding date however, a Tagalog-fortified

polity called Maynila had already existed on the site, dating back as far as 1258.
It is the name of this old polity from which the Spanish and English name
Manila derives. After the defeat of the polity's last indigenous Rajah, Sulayman
III, in the Battle of Bangkusay, a fortified Spanish city called Intramuros was
built directly on top of the site of old Maynilà. Manila was the seat of power for
most of the country's colonial rulers. Today, it is home to many historic sites,
some of which were built during the 16th century.
The term "Manila" is commonly used to refer to the whole metropolitan
area, the greater metropolitan area or the city proper. The officially
defined metropolitan area, called Metro Manila, the "capital region" of the
Philippines, also includes the much larger Quezon City and the Makati
Central Business District. It is the most populous region in the country,
one of the most populous urban areas in the world, and is one of the
wealthiest regions in Southeast Asia.

The city proper was home to 1,846,513 people in 2020, and is the historic core
of a built-up area that extends well beyond its administrative limits. With
71,263 people per square kilometer, Manila is the most densely populated
city proper in the world. Manila is located on the eastern shore of Manila
Bay, on the island of Luzon. The Pasig River flows through the middle of the
city, dividing it into the north and south sections.
The city comprises 16 administrative districts: Binondo, Ermita, Intramuros,
Malate, Paco, Pandacan, Port Area, Quiapo, Sampaloc, San Andres, San
Miguel, San Nicolas, Santa Ana, Santa Cruz, Santa Mesa and Tondo. It is
divided into six political districts for the purposes of its representation in
the Congress of the Philippines and the election of city council members.
In 2018, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network listed Manila
as an "Alpha-" global city and ranked it seventh in economic performance
globally and second regionally (behind Delhi, India in the latter case),while
the Global Financial Centres Index ranks Manila 79th in the world.
Spanish Era Current Manila Seal
 Seal of Manila, Spanish Era

The Philippines codified heraldry when King Philip II of Spain authorized

the first coat of arms to the City of Manila through a royal decree issued on
20 March 1596.

The design of the arms of Manila had changed throughout the years, the
castle had adopted various different forms, a crowned sea lion was present
later, and in the 19th century, King Ferdinand VII granted the use and
placement of the royal crown above the castle itself as an augmentation of
honor by royal cedula of April 23, 1826.
 Current Manila Seal
The Seal of Manila is composed of the city's modern coat of arms, with colors
mirroring those of the Philippine National Flag. It is a modified form of the city's
historical arms bestowed in the 16th century.

The arms of the seal consist of a pre-Hispanic shield, horizontally divided into red
and blue fields. The top, red half depicts the city's nickname, "Pearl of the Orient",
while the lower, blue half is charged with a sea-lion surmounting the waves of
the River Pasig and Manila Bay. The sea-lion originally represented the islands's
former colonial status as an ultramar (overseas) possession of Spain, and is
ultimately derived from the arms of the Kingdom of León.

A white roundel surrounds the arms containing the words Lungsod ng Maynila
and Pilipinas (Filipino, "City of Manila";"Philippines"), and six yellow stars
representing the city's six congressional districts.
 Parts of the Current Manila Seal

Shield

Cicular band

Stars

Pearl and Shell

Sea lion

Waves
PRE-COLONIAL
PERIOD
 PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
Most of the major islands is consist of chiefdoms.
Chief – plays a central role in the political and economic well-being of the
polity. He controlled and mobilized the goods to create alliance among and
between polities.
Communities are settled in the banks of Pasig River. Also called "Maynilad "
Rajah Sulayman administration , the center of trade for Asian commodities
Callao Man, is a living witness to the first settlers of the land, (3000 BCE)
It arrives before the coming of the Negritos and the Malayo-Polynesians.
The rock carvings found in Angono, Rizal, is known as "Petroglyphs".
Consists of 127 human and animal figures engraved (late Neolithic or before
2000 BC).
In March 1965, the rock shelter was reported to the National Museum by
Carlos V.Francisco(the late National Artist of the Philippines)
In 1000 A.D., or 500 a settlement termed "Sapa",
already existed
Its archeology is one of the earliest evidence of
a continuous occupation in the area of Manila
 Photo courtesy: Philamagazine

In Santa Ana Church, archaeologists found a

midden deposit of Chinese ceramics, shells, and
bones of pig, deer, and water buffalo alongside
human burials
NEGRITOS
"Negro” a short version of the Spanish term “Negrito” it means “Little
Black Man”. ( 16th century). They lived as Hunter-Gatherers and by
Agriculture.

AUSTRONESIAN
who established Manila, also known as "Malayo-Polynesian". They are
from southeast asia and pacific ocean.
They had intricate: culture; language and writing, religion, art and
music
Animism is the first religion that the austronesian introuduced
Austronesians cultures were known by their language, boats, the
construction of "nipa huts"
They cultivate the tubers and rice and community or tribe led by "big
man" or "man of power"
 LAGUNA COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTION

Philippines' oldest written document

Found in 1989 by a laborer near mouth of Lumbang River in Wawa
barangay.
Legal document used in 900 AD
Give witness that a political society was established
THE RAJAHNATE AND LEGENDARY RULERS OF
TWO MANILAS OLD MANILA (TONDO)
14th century AD, Tondo became the Originated only through
province of Hindu Indonesian Oral traditions
The previous name of Tondo was Written documents can
Seludong/Selurong prove their existence such
Tondo rulers was Equivalent to kings, as Batu Tarsilah
they were addressed as Panginuan,
Banwa, Lakandula
1485-1521 sultan Bolkiah wage war
against the residents of tondo
In Mid 16th Century AD Manila were
Governed by Muslim Rajahs
 16 RULERS OF MANILA (TONDO)
1. Ama-ron or Amaron was described as a good-looking brawny man who
demonstrated great strength.
2. Rajah Avirjirkaya was a “Majapahit ruler” who ruled Tondo.
3. Rajah Ahmad was the Bruneian warrior who defeated Rajah Avirjirkaya.
4. Rajah Alon was a king of Tondo, The son of Lakan Timamanukum.
was succeeded by his grandson, Rajah Gambang.
5. Rajah Gambang succeded his grandfather and ruled the Kingdom of Tondo.
6. Lakan Suko or Sukwu (i.e. northern mist), his rule was very short as lakan of Tondo.
7. Rajah Lontok was the husband and co-ruler of Dayang Kalangitan.
8. Dayang or Sultana Kalangitan was the legendary “Lady of the Pasig” and wife of Rajah
Lontok, who ruled Namayan, also called Sapa, Maysapan, Nasapan, or Lamayan.
She later became the grandmother of the Kapampangan ruler, “Prinsipe Balagtas.”
9. Sultan Bolkiah was the “Nakhoda Ragam” or the “Singing Captain”
the alleged conqueror
 he conquered Manila using a cannon called “Si Gantar Alam” (i.e. “Earth-shaking
Thunderer”).
Grandson of Bolkiah, Raja Matanda or Ladyang Matanda (or Ache)
10. Datu Magat Salamat was the co-inciter of the 1587 – 1588 “Tondo Conspiracy” or
“Conspiracy of the Maharlikas,”
•Maharlikas’ conspiracy was a plot against Spanish rulers
11. Luis Amanicaloa - chief of Tondo and participant in the 1587 – 1588 “Conspiracy of
the Maharlikas.”
12. Felipe Amarlangagui - another participant in the 1587 – 1588 "Conspiracy of the
Maharlikas."
13. Pitongatan (Pitong-gatang)- another participant in the 1587-1588 "Conspiracy of the
Maharlikas."
14. Kapulong another participant in the 1587-1588 "Conspiracy of the Maharlikas."
15. Juan Basi was another participant in the 1587-1588
16. Esteban Taes (also known as GinoongTasi) was a participant in the 1587-1588 “
Tondo of the 10th century, has a well-organized government.
Ruled by the chief, Jayadewa, who exercised legal powers.
In 1570, Manila's topography was described as “tilled and cultivated; having smooth
slopes and of little herbage”.
Tagalog societies are composed in three class : Maginoo (Ruling Class), Timawa and
Maharlika (The Freemen), and Alipin (Slaves)
In 1570, the friendship made between Martin de Goiti (camp master) the Spanish fleet,
and the Raja Sulayman,( the ruler of Manila) was narrated in compact.
Was considered as an agreement violated by Spain through excessive abuse of power
and unfair treatment of Filipinos.
As Andres Bonifacio, President of the Katipunan, wrote in essay, “Ang dapat mabatid
ng mga tagalog,” (c. March 1896):
This historical precedent became the clause that legitimized the Philippine Revolution
against Spain–enshrined in the words of June 12, 1898 Proclamation of Philippine
Independence:
AMERICAN PERIOD
 AMERICAN PERIOD
1898 – America Colonized the Philippines

American settlement in the Philippines began during the Spanish

colonial period. The period of American colonization of the Philippines
lasted 48 years, from cession of the Philippines to the U.S. by Spain in
1898 to U.S. recognition of Philippine independence in 1946.

POSITIVE EFFECTS
→ Establishing public schools
→ Health centers
→ Bringing English language in the Philippines
→ Introducing western cultures
→ Other democratic processes.
 MANILA DECLARED AN OPEN CITY
In 1939, World War II broke out. Manila was declared an "open city" by General
Douglas MacArthur in 1941
After the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December, 7, 1941 many architectural
and cultural legacy from the time the city was founded were totally destroyed
due to this event

THE BATLLE OF MANILA (1945)

Was a major battle of the Philippine campaign of 1944–45, during the
Second World War.

It was fought by forces from both the United States and the Philippines
against Japanese troops in Manila, the capital city of the Philippines.
 The battle ended the almost three years of Japanese military occupation in
the Philippines (1942–1945). The city's capture was marked as General
Douglas MacArthur's key to victory in the campaign of reconquest. It is the
last of the many battles fought within Manila's history

POST-AMERICAN PERIOD
In 1946, the Philippines received from the Americans its long-awaited
independence as a nation.

Malacanang Palace became the working place of all the presidents

of the Philippines.
During the term of President Ferdinand Edralin Marcos,
Malacanang was extensively rebuilt and renovated
JAPANESE PERIOD
(WORLD WAR II)
 MANILA DURING JAPANESE PERIOD (WORLD WAR II)
December 8, 1941 – Japan
invaded the Philippines, and
Manila is one of the places they
invaded.

December 26, 1941 – Gen. McArthur

declared Manila an open city (root from
the commonwealth by President
Quezon to avoid its destruction)
January 2, 1942 –
Japanese people
occupied Manila

February 3, 1945 – A time when the Battle

of Manila begun. It was fought by
American and Filipino forces against the
empire of Japan in Manila. It was a one-
month battle, which culminated in the
massacre of over 100,000 civilians and
total destruction of the city.
POST AMERICAN
ASPECT
The 1940s saw a massive influx of American
immigrants to the Philippines. However, after the
Philippines obtained independence from the United
States in 1946, this rapidly came to a stop. Many
Americans have chosen to make the Philippines their
permanent home. The Americans had a strong
presence in the cities of Angeles and Olongapo,
northeast of Manila, until the mid-1990s.

More than 800,000 Americans were born in the

Philippines during the American colonial
period (1898-1946), according to records. Apart
from Metro Manila, sites of former US bases like
as Subic Bay in Zambales and Clark Field in
Angeles City have large populations of Filipinos
with American ancestry.
THE LASTING IMPACT AFTER COLONIZATION
Although the Philippines' colonization period
officially ended in 1946, researchers continue
to discuss the long-term effects of American
settlement in the country.

The term neocolonialism has been used to

describe the United States' relations with the
Philippines, since historians of American
foreign policy have suggested that the two
countries share a 'dependent' alliance.
As the Philippines is located in Southeast Asia,
the offspring of a Filipino national and an
American service member or contractor is
termed an Amerasian.

As a result today, the Philippines has large population

of Americans and people with American roots,
including a significant Amerasian population. There
are estimates of 52,000 to 250,000 Amerasian in the
Philippines in 1992.
Americans have been joined by a number of
Filipino Americans with U.S citizenship who
had immigrated to the United States, then
returned to their country birth.

Additional information, there is a population of

Filipino Americans, who were born in the
United States, who are immigrating to the
Philippines, known as "baliktad".
CHANGES DURING
THE AMERICAN
PERIOD
 POST-AMERICAN ASPECT
GOVERNMENT
Democracy - a system of
government by the whole
population or all the eligible
members of a state, typically
through elected representatives.
3 Branches:
-Executive (President)
-Legislative (Senate and congress)
-Judiciary (DOJ)
EDUCATION
Public schools were opened up.
First teachers were called
"Thomasites", because they
came on board the USS Thomas.
Medium of instructions: English.
Schools established:
University of the Philippines
Philippine Normal College
Other Agricultural Schools
 RELIGION
Protestantism was introduced.
More or less 300,000 Filipinos
became protestant.
There was a separation of church
and state.
Freedom of religion was practiced.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Transportation and Communication
was improved.
American built roads, streets, and
bridges.
The new infrastructure helped make
the movement of the products and
services more efficient.
Boulevard, zone districts, and
centers of leisure were also
established.
American architecture are still
present today. PNU, Manila Hotel and
PGH are some examples.
 ENTERTAINMENT
Hollywood Movies became more
popular.
New kinds of music and dance
were introduced like rock n roll,
boogie, jazz, tango, chacha,
polka, and rhumba.
Filipinos learned to watch and
play games like table tennis,
basketball, volleyball, boxing,
and football
HEALTH AND SANITATION
Filipinos learned the value of
cleanliness,and healthy
practices.
They were taught proper
hygiene to make them healthy
and be free from contagious
diseases.
Hospitals, clinics, and health
centers were established
including public hospitals for
lepers.
 CLOTHING
Modes of dressings was
changed.
Men: Suits, Polo shirts, ties,
and jeans.
Women: Dresses, High-
heeled shoes, and handbags.
FOOD
Food like ice cream, cakes,
beef steak, hotdog,
hamburgers, sandwiches,
cookies and donuts were
introduced.

LIVELIHOOD
•Philippine Economy improved.
•Increased in Agricultural production.
•Development of new industry.
 ATTITUDE
Filipinos became more frank,
and more humorous.
We developed stronger beliefs
in rights and freedom.
"Pagmamano" was replaced by
kissing the cheeks of parents
and elders as a sign of respect.
LANGUAGE
The English language was widely
taught all over the country. Soon
some English words became part of
our vocabulary.
Filipinos adopted American names
like Charlie, Anna, Francis, and Cherry.
NEGATIVE ASPECT OF AMERICAN TO FILIPINOS

•Americanization of Filipinos
Colonial Mentality
Respectful Filipino ways of greeting were replaced
by merely saying "hi" or "hello" .
Filipinos started to prefer white-collar jobs
Traditional Filipino food like bibingka and suman
were replaced by American food like hotdog and
French fries
Lost our sense of "bayanihan"
In summary, we seemed to reject our own identity
PRESENTED BY: GROUP 2
Cabautan, Meriel Kate A.
Calvadores, Jade Syra E.
Catubay, Ma. Selina S.
Cornel, Ace M.
Coroza, Heart Raven M.
Cunanan, Christine Ann C.
Dela Cruz, Lastly Ma. Micaela F.