Project MIMs

Grade 12 – Practical Research 2

G12 MIMs
THE QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH PAPER AND ITS PARTS

Objectives:
• familiarize and know the different parts of a quantitative research;
• differentiate the parts of a quantitative research

REMEMBER:

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative research is an objective, systematic empirical investigation of

observable phenomena through the use of computational techniques. It highlights
numerical analysis of data hoping that the numbers yield unbiased results that can be
generalized to some larger population and explain a particular observation. Simply,
quantitative research is concerned with numbers and its relationship with events.

ENLIGHTEN:

PARTS OF A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

1. The PRELIMINARIES

a. The TITLE PAGE includes (1) the title of the research paper with its output
explicitly stated; (2) the faculty and institution to which the paper is
presented; (3) the strand sought; (4) the full names of proponents; and (5) the
year the research paper is defended.

The TITLE must be typewritten in inverted pyramid style, 12-point, Times New
Roman, double space, bold faced and all capitalized. The recommended
length for the title is 12 to 15 words. Proper names are counted as one
(1). Do not use abbreviations in the title. The title page is counted but not
numbered.

b. The CERTIFICATION and APPROVAL SHEET includes (1) certification and

recommendation for oral examination by the adviser; (2) approval of the
members of the Panel for the Oral Defense; (3) acceptance by the Dean; (4)
rating of oral examination; and (5) date of oral examination. Names should
be in uppercase letters. This page is counted and should be numbered
with small roman numeral in the upper right corner.

c. The ABSTRACT is a brief summary of the research paper. It should include: (1)
a brief introduction or rationale of the study; and (2) a statement of the problem,
a brief description of the method used, research locale, respondents
of the study, sampling procedures, instrumentation, data analysis (statistical
tools used), findings and conclusion.

The ABSTRACT should be numbered with small roman numeral in the

upper right corner.

d. The ACKNOWLEDGMENT contains the writer’s expression of

appreciation for the assistance and encouragement given him/her in the
course of the research. Generally, only those who gave assistance without
professional fees should be mentioned in the acknowledgement. Use third
person point of view in referring yourself. The acknowledgment page is
 counted and should be numbered with small roman numeral in the upper right
corner.

e. The DEDICATION is optional, and researchers may use any format for this.

The page is counted and should be numbered with small roman numeral in the
upper right corner.

f. The TABLE OF CONTENTS precedes all sections it lists. It should list the (1) the
chapter titles; (2) the main heading and subheadings in the text; and, (3) the
reference materials. The beginning page number for each section is indicated
along the right-hand margin. The numbering of chapters and the wording,
capitalization and punctuation of titles and headings should be exactly the
same as they are in the text.

The TABLE OF CONTENTS is counted and should be numbered with small

roman numeral in the upper right corner.

g. The LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES follows the Table of Contents. Each type
of illustrative matter should be listed on a separate page. When there are only
two or three tables or figures in a research paper, these are combined in
one list. The page is counted and should be numbered with small roman numeral
in the upper right corner.

*Note:

The BODY or TEXT OF THE RESEARCH PAPER begins with the first page of
CHAPTER 1 which follows the preliminaries. Numbering in Arabic numerals
starts on this page. Position all page numbers in the upper right corner.

2. CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

a. The INTRODUCTION part should contain a discussion of any or all

of the following:
i. Presentation of the problem (macro-micro-mini level)
ii. The existence of an unsatisfactory condition, a felt need/problem
that requires a solution
iii. Rationale for conducting the study
iv. Historical background of the problem

b. The THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK should both

be present in the study. In the theoretical framework, a specific theory and
theorist must be identified and discussed. The conceptual framework
clarifies the relationship between and among the major variables of the
study and may be presented through a paradigm such as INPUT-
PROCESS-OUTPUT (IPO) model or other illustrative presentation.

If IPO is utilized, the following must be observed:

i. The columns must be of equal size.
ii. The feedback loop must be properly indicated.

c. The STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM is right next after the

conceptual framework. The first paragraph includes a statement of the
purpose of the study and expressed in declarative sentence. The next
paragraph contains the sub problems expressed in interrogative
sentences. Future tense is used for proposals, past tense for final
defense while present tense is used in the final copy of the research.

d. The HYPOTHESIS is stated in the null form (H0) with an introductory

sentence. Use Hypotheses for more than one hypothesis.
 e. The SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY contains two paragraphs.
The first paragraph contains the scope which delineates how the study will
be narrowed or the boundaries in terms of (1) people involved in the study;
(2) instrumentation; (3) time; (4) location or the “who”, “where”, “when” and
“how” of the study. The second paragraph identifies the limitation or
potential weakness in the design or constraints of the study.

f. The SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY begins with an introductory

statement and must identify who will benefit from the study.

g. The DEFINITION OF TERMS defines important terms or variables used

in the study. Terms should be defined conceptually or operationally.
Provide an introductory sentence. Terms should be alphabetically
arranged. Acronyms and abbreviations should be spelled out. For two or
more worded terms, only the first letter of the first word should be
capitalized, unless otherwise indicated. Sources of constitutive and
technical definitions should be properly acknowledged.

3. CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The following must be written in sequence:

a. Foreign Literature
b. Local Literature
c. Foreign Studies
d. Local Studies
e. Synthesis of the Reviewed Related Literature and Studies

* Pointers to remember in preparing CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED

LITERATURE AND STUDIES

a. Only literature and studies related in purpose or findings to the current

study should be included in the review. For related studies, the discussion
should be a brief critical analysis of the purpose, method of study,
principal findings, and conclusions. Point out how each of the studies be
shown to related with or evolved from earlier work.

b. Presentation of the literature and studies should be done thematically or

according to the variables of the study.

c. For documentation, the APA author/date style of parenthetical citation is

utilized.

d. Reviewed literature except those of historical importance must

be copyrighted within the last ten years while five years for studies. A
minimum of five (5) literatures/studies which are relevant to the present
study must be cited.

e. The place of publication determined whether the literature or studies cited

is foreign or local.

4. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

a. The RESEARCH DESIGN identifies and describes the method/s

of research utilized in the study. Discuss the appropriateness to the
present study. Acknowledge source of method/s used.

b. The POPULATION AND SAMPLING indicates the population and

sample involved in the research study. Discuss the specific sampling
technique used and justification on its use. Use a table to do this with
appropriate introductory statement.
 c. The RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY provide description of the
demographic profile of the respondents or subjects. It also includes
the number, groups of respondents and the likes.

d. The RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS describe the construction, validation

and administration of the research instrument/s such as tests,
questionnaires, interview guides/schedules, apparatus, devices and
laboratory equipment etc. Discuss the parts of the instruments as well and
the methods on how you validated your instrument through VALIDATION
OF INSTRUMENTS.

e. The DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES is a step-by-step procedure

followed in conducting the study should be enumerated and explained in
complete detail. Identify time frame for the collection of data. Present the
procedures chronologically.

f. The STATISTICAL TREATMENT of DATA describes briefly how the

data collected are to be statistically processed. List sequentially -and
provide them formula for the more sophisticated statistical tool used as
well as citing the sources and identifying the sub problem to which it is
used.

5. CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

In presenting, analyzing, and interpreting the data:

a. Copy and bold-face the subproblem from Chapter 1

b. Enrich the interpretation by relating findings with related literature

and studies reviewed in Chapter 2.

c. Present only relevant data. Individual scores or raw scores should not be
reported in the text. If these need to be included at all, they should be
placed in the appendix.

d. The textual presentation should supplement or explain the content in the

tables and charts, rather than duplicate them. Do not expect the tables
and figures to do the entire communication for you. The analyses of data
should be objective and logical. Facts, not opinions, should prevail. Note
all relevant results including those that run counter to the hypothesis.

e. In reporting statistical tests of difference, include information

concerning the obtained magnitude or value of the test, the degree of
freedom, the probability label, and the direction of the effect.

6. CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

a. In SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, present and do the following: (1)

introductory statement; (2) follow the order of presentation of sub-
problems; (3) include textual and numerical data; (4) only outstanding or
salient data are included; and, (5) no inference nor interpretation is stated.

b. In CONCLUSIONS, present and do the following: (1) it should be equal

to the number of sub-problems and must follow order of their presentation;
(2) use brief but generalized statements derived from the findings; (3) it
should not be repetition of statements anywhere in the body; and, (4)
exclude numerical data.

c. In RECOMMENDATIONS, present and do the following: (1) measures or

solutions offered should be “doable” feasible, practical and attainable; (2)
address to persons, agencies or offices which are in a position to
implement them; (3) identify areas for further research; and, (4) should be
equal or more than the number of sub-problems.
7. The POST PRELIMINARIES

a. Reference Materials or BIBLIOGRAPHY should contain (1) books;

(2) journals and periodicals; (3) theses and dissertations; and, (4)
online sources.

Note: (1) only sources used in the study should be listed in the references.
(2) all materials should be arranged alphabetically within the category; (3)
for documentation format, refer to Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association, (6th ed., 2010); and, (4) The digital object
identifier (DOI) are used in citing online periodicals.

b. The APPENDIX includes (1) research output (such as instructional

materials, workbook, etc.) which may be printed in non-thesis paper; (2)
signed permission to conduct study (original copy); (3) questionnaire
or other research instruments used; and (4) computations and outputs
of computerized analyses.

Appendices should be identified with capital letters and should be page-

numbered continuously in Arabic numbers with the other parts of
the research report.

c. The CURRICULUM VITAE includes the following: (1) personal

information; (2) educational qualifications; and, (3) work experience. The
researchers may use his/her own format. This must be printed in
thesis paper and counted as page.

LET’S TRY:

Instructions: Classify the following as to the part of quantitative research paper it is located.
Write P if the part is in the preliminaries, C1 if the part is in chapter 1, C2 if
the part is in chapter 2, C3 if the part is in chapter 3, C4 if the part is in chapter
4, C5 if the part is in chapter 5 or PP if the part is in the post preliminaries.

1. Curriculum Vitae _______________

2. Scope and Limitation of the Study _______________
3. Statistical treatment of Data _______________
4. Foreign Literature _______________
5. Introduction _______________
6. Summary of Findings _______________
7. Statement of the Problem _______________
8. Foreign Studies _______________
9. Research Design _______________
10. Recommendations _______________
11. Dedication _______________
12. Title Page _______________
13. Research Instruments _______________
14. Bibliography _______________
15. Abstract _______________
16. Hypothesis _______________
17. Conclusions _______________
18. Definition of Terms _______________
19. List of Tables and Figures _______________
20. Research Output _______________
21. Respondents of the Study _______________
22. Tables and Graphs _______________
23. Data Gathering Procedures _______________
24. Significance of the Study _______________
25. Approval Sheet _______________
 REINFORCEMENT:

A. Identification

Instructions: Enumerate and differentiate the sub-parts of the given major parts of a
quantitative research paper. Write your answer on the space provided for
each number.

1. Preliminaries
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. Chapter 1 – The Problem and Its Background

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. Chapter 2 – Review of Related Literature and Studies

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

4. Chapter 3 – Research Methodology

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

5. Chapter 4 – Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

6. Chapter 5 – Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

7. Post Preliminaries
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
 Challenge!

Look for ten (10) different quantitative research and examine its parts. Then, write
your comments on the column for remarks regarding the completeness and
appropriateness of the parts of the research paper. Follow the format below.

No. RESEARCH TITLE Comments/ Remarks

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Prepared by:

MR. JESTER G. DE LEON

Master Teacher I, MNHS – SHS