Assertion Reasoning with answer

1. Assertion (A) : All creative children are children with exceptional intelligence.

Reason (R) : Creativity generally involves an incubation period. Choose the correct response?

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

C. A is true but R is false

D. A is false but R is true

2. Assertion (A) : A mentally retarded child feels difficulties in learning basic academic skills.

Reason (R) : A mentally retarded child has difficulty in focusing attention. Choose the correct
response?

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

C. A is true but R is false

D. A is false but R is true

3. Assertion (A) : Creativity predicts an imaginative order and the same can be accomplished in
reality.

Reason (R) : In creative thinking, intuition precedes reasoning.

Choose the correct response?

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

C. A is true but R is false D.

A is false but R is true

4. Assertion (A) : Neither trait nor type theory can explain total personality.

Reason (R) : Personality is the interactive effect of individuality and environment.

Choose the correct response?

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

C. A is true but R is false

D. A is false but R is true

5. Assertion (A) : The researchers in the field of ethology quite often prefer naturalistic observation
as a research method.

Reason (R) : Naturalistic observation is free from observer bias.

Choose the correct response?

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

C. A is true but R is false

D. A is false but R is true

6. Assertion (A) : A 40-year old man may have the same IQ as that of a 20-year old.

Reason (R) : The 40-year old man could have been somewhat retarded to start with.

Choose the correct response?

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

C. A is true but R is false

D. A is false but R is true

7. Assertion (A) : MMPI users generally focus upon the pattern of the profile.

Reason (R) : The largest component of MMPI subscales is an elevation component related to the
tendency to endorse pathological or undesirable content.

Choose the correct response? A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A B. Both
A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A C. A is true but R is false D. A is false but R
is true

8. Assertion(A) ::Manik is fifteen years old and is suffering from cholesterol related problems due to
his weight. The doctor has asked him to leave junk food and switch to healthy food. Manik is very
sure about following a healthy diet, after a month of dieting and following a schedule, his cholesterol
rose up instead of going down, because he was cheating with the diet plan. He shows low self -
regulation.

Reason(R)::Self - control plays an important role in the fulfilment of long term goals.

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is true, but R is false.

A is false but R is true.

9. Assertion: People with similar intelligence take similar time to acquire knowledge or skills.

Reasoning: With proper training, these abilities can be considerably enhanced.

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is true, but R is false.

A is false but R is true.

10. Assertion: Spatial intelligence is used while navigating in space, forming, transforming and using
mental images.

Reasoning: Spatial intelligence is involved in perceiving the formation of images in three dimensions.

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is true, but R is false.

A is false but R is true.

11. Assertion: IQ scores are distributed in a bell-shaped curve.

Reasoning: The distribution is symmetrical around the central value

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is true, but R is false.

A is false but R is true.

12. Assertion: Poor performance on a test may attach a stigma to children and thereby adversely
affect their performance and self-respect.

Reasoning: One should guard against erroneous practices associated with intelligence tests and take
the help of trained psychologists to analyse an individual’s strengths and weaknesses.

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is true, but R is false.

A is false but R is true.

13. ASSERTION - Technological intelligence is not valued in many Asian and African countries.

REASON - The qualities and skills regarded as intelligent in non-western cultures are sharply
different.

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is true, but R is false.

A is false but R is true.

14- Children began to develop their imagination during the early years of childhood

REASON - They express creativity mostly through physical activities and in non-verbal ways.

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is true, but R is false.

A is false but R is true.

15. Assertion - Case Study is an in-depth study of an individual.

Reasoning - It is in terms of their psychological attributes, psychological history in the context of

their psychosocial and physical environment.

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is true, but R is false.

A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion - Giftedness is the exceptional general ability shown in superior performance in a
limited variety of areas.

Reasoning - Talent is a narrower term and refers to remarkable ability in a specific field.

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is true, but R is false.

A is false but R is true.

17. Assertion - Binet's theory of intelligence was rather simple as it arose from his interest in
differentiating more intelligent from less intelligent people.

Reasoning - He conceptualized intelligence as consisting of one similar set of abilities which can be
used for solving any or every problem

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is true, but R is false.

A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion: (A) Intelligence is the capacity to learn and adjust to relatively new and
changing conditions
Reason: (R) Intelligence is the power of good responses from the point of view of
truth or fact
A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the reason for (A)
B. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct reason for (A)
C. (A) is true but (R) is false
D. Both (A) and (R) are false

19.Assertion (A): Performance on intelligence tests is not the only measure for identifying the
gifted.

Reason(R): Many other sources of information, such as teachers’ judgment, school achievem
ent record, parents’ interviews, peer and self- ratings, etc.

Choose the correct response?

A - Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B - Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C - A is true but R is false.
D - A is false but R is true.
E - Both A and R are false.

20. Assertion (A): A person with high IQ is not necessarily creative.

Reasoning (B): Both high and low level of creativity can be found in highly
intelligent children and children of average intelligence.
Choose the correct response?
a. Both A an R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A an R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false but R is true

21. Assertion (A): The cultural environment provides a context for intelligence to develop.
 Reasoning (B): Intelligence is the global capacity to understand the world, think rationally,
and use available resources effectively when faced with challenges.
Choose the correct response?
a. Both A an R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A an R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false but R is true

22. Assertion (A) Emotional intelligence is the set of skills that underlie accurate assessment,
evaluation, expression and regulation of situations.
Reason (R) Emotional intelligence is the basis of empathy for others, self awareness and social skills.

(A). Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the reason for (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true. (R) is not the correct reason for (A)

(C) (A) is true but (R) is false

(D) Both (A) and (R) are false

23. Assertion: (A) Wechsler's scale is flexible

Reason: (R) Age ranges from 16 to 64 years

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the reason for (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true. (R) is not the correct reason for (A)

(C) (A) is true but (R) is false

(D) Both (A) and (R) are false

24. Assertion : (A) Intelligence is the capacity to learn and adjust to relatively new and changing
conditions
Reason :

(R) Intelligence is the power of good responses from the point of view of truth or fact

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the reason for (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct reason for (A)

(C) (A) is true but (R) is false

(D) A is false R is true

25. Assertion All creative children are children with exceptional intelligence
Reasoning Creativity generally involves incubation period

Both A and R are True and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A

A is true R is false

A is false R is true

26.

A- Intellectually disabled child feels difficulties in learning basic academic skills.

R- Intellectually disabled child has difficulty in focusing attention.

Both A and R are True and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A

A is true R is false

A is false R is true

27. The physical and psychological characteristics of people are not same.

Individuals differ in their ability to understand complex ideas, adapt to the environment, learn
from experience, engage in various forms of reasoning and to overcome obstacles.

Both A and R are True and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A

A is true R is false

A is false R is true

28. Aptitude refers to individual’s underlying potential to acquire skills.

Aptitude tests are used to predict what an individual will be able to do if given proper environment
and training.

Both A and R are True and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A

A is true R is false

A is false R is true

29. Intelligence is a single entity

Various types of intelligences exist independent to each other.

Both A and R are True and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A

A is true R is false

A is false R is true

30. The PASS process operate on a knowledge base

The knowledge base is developed by reading and writing alone

Both A and R are True and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A

A is true R is false

A is false R is true

31. Intellectually deficient children exhibit deficits in the adaptive behaviour or the capacity to be
independent and deal effectively with one’s environment.

Deficits must be observed during the developmental period ie., between 0-18 years.

Both A and R are True and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A

A is true R is false

A is false R is true

32. Some verbal tests require responses in a written form

Verbal tests can only be administered to literate people.

Both A and R are True and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A

A is true R is false

A is false R is true

33. People with similar intelligence take similar time to acquire knowledge and skills.

With proper training these qualities can be considerably enhanced.

Both A and R are True and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A

A is true R is false
A is false R is true

34. A psychological tests are objective and standardize measures of an individuals mental and
behavioural characteristics.

Psychological tests measure psychological attributes such as weight heights, arm length etc.

Both A and R are True and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A

A is true R is false

A is false R is true

35. Assertion (A) Freud’s theory holds that many behaviours are caused by unconscious motivation.
Personality is determined by biological drives of sex and aggression.

Reason (R) Personality differences results from variations in learning experiences.

Both A and R are True and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A

A is true R is false

A is false R is true

36. Assertion (A): Neither trait nor type theory can explain total personality.

Reason (R): Personality is the interactive effect of individuality and environment.

(A). Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the reason for (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true. (R) is not the correct reason for (A)

(C) (A) is true but (R) is false

(D) Both (A) and (R) are false

37. Assertion (A) Projective techniques are difficult to standardise and norm.

Reason (R) Projective techniques are not timed tests.

(A). Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the reason for (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true. (R) is not the correct reason for (A)

(C) (A) is true but (R) is false

(D) Both (A) and (R) are false

38. Assertion (A) According to Rogers, ideal condition for the development of a healthy self concept
and movement toward becoming fully functioning is unconditional positive regard.

Reason (R) With unconditional positive regard there is incongruence between true self and
experience.

(A). Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the reason for (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true. (R) is not the correct reason for (A)

(C) (A) is true but (R) is false

(D) Both (A) and (R) are false

39. Assertion (A): Molly is the assistant manager in a big software firm, she got that position because
she had a friend in the human resource, she is arrogant and finds herself in situations where she
doesn't know what to do.
Reason (R): Ayurveda defines people's personality on the basis of three humoral elements call
tridosha and molly's personality can be described as being dominated by the tamas guna. (1 point)
⚪ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
⚪ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
⚪ A is true, but R is false
⚪ A is false, but R is true

40. Assertion (A): People suffering from coronary heart disease are mostly Type A personality Reason
(R): People of Type A personality are high achievers, competent, impatient and always in a hurry. (1
point)
⚪ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
⚪ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
⚪ A is true, but R is false
⚪ A is false, but R is true

41. Assertion (A): The self is being described as a ‘knower’ as well as something that can be ‘known’
Reason (R): Emphasis comes to be laid on those aspects of life that relate only to the concerned
person, such as personal freedom, personal responsibility, personal achievement, or personal
comforts when we talk of personal self. (1 point)
⚪ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
⚪ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
⚪ A is true, but R is false
⚪ A is false, but R is true

42. Assertion (A): A strong sense of self-efficacy allows people to select, influence, and even
construct the circumstances of their own life.
Reason (R): Many situations of life require resistance to situational pressures and control over
ourselves. (1 point)
⚪ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
 ⚪ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
⚪ A is true, but R is false
⚪ A is false, but R is true

43. Assertion (A): The type approaches attempts to comprehend human personality by examining
certain broad patterns in the observed behavioral characteristics of individuals. Reason (R): The type
approach focuses on the specific psychological attributes along which individuals tend to differ in
consistent and stable ways (1 point)
⚪ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
⚪ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
⚪ A is true, but R is false
⚪ A is false, but R is true

44. Assertion (A): “Why is it that some people react differently in a given situation than others do?
Why is it that some people enjoy adventurous activities, while others like reading, watching
television or playing cards? Are these differences stable all through one’s life, or are they just short
lived and situation-specific?”
Reason (R): We can find the answer in a number of approaches and theories have been
developed to understand and explain behavioral differences among individuals, and
behavioral consistencies within an individual. (1 point)
⚪ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
⚪ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
⚪ A is true, but R is false
⚪ A is false, but R is true

45Assertion (A): RIddhima is a high scorer, all the teachers like her a lot, her class mates also like her,
she want to become a doctor in future and think that her skills are right to become a surgeon. She
have high self esteem.
Reason (R): RIddhima have supporting parents and they allow her to chose for herself, they have an
authoritarian way of parenting her daughter. (1 point)
⚪ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
⚪ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
⚪ A is true, but R is false
⚪ A is false, but R is true

46Assertion (A): Komal is the one who prefer to be alone, tend to avoid others, withdraw herself in
the face of emotional conflicts, and is shy.
Reason (R): Komal is an extravert according to the theory given by Carl Jung. (1 point)
⚪ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
⚪ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
⚪ A is true, but R is false
⚪ A is false, but R is true

47. Assertion (A): Each behavioral pattern refers to one type in which individuals are placed in terms
of the similarity of their behavioral characteristics with that pattern.
 Reason (R): There were two researchers (Cardiologists) who were trying to identify
psychosocial risk factors when they discovered certain personality types. (1 point)
⚪ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
⚪ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
⚪ A is true, but R is false
⚪ A is false, but R is true

48. Assertion (A): The literal meaning of personality is derived from the Latin word persona, the
mask used by actors in the Roman theatre for changing their facial (1 point) make-up. After putting
on the mask, audience expected the person to perform a role in a particular manner. Reason (R): It
however, mean that the person enacting the given role necessarily possessed those qualities.
⚪ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
⚪ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
⚪ A is true, but R is false
⚪ A is false, but R is true

49. Assertion (A): Personality refers to unique and relatively stable qualities that characterize an
individual behavior across different situations over a period of time.
Reason (R): Once, we are able to predict the personality, we can predict how the person will
probably behave in a variety of situations. (1 point)
⚪ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
⚪ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
⚪ A is true, but R is false
⚪ A is false, but R is true

50. Assertion (A): In the Western view the dichotomies are fixed and it is more of an individual
focused approach.
Reason (R): In Indian culture the individual and group exist in a harmonious coexistence. (1 point)
⚪ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
⚪ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
⚪ A is true, but R is false
⚪ A is false, but R is true

51. Assertion (A): Behaviourists viewed psychology as the science of behaviour.

Reason R: Behaviour could be described objectively in terms of stimuli
and responses.
Choose the correct option.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false
D. R is true but A is false.

52. Assertion (A): Projective techniques would be of great interest to psychodynamic

personality psychologist.
Reason (R): Projective techniques are designed to uncover unconscious thoughts, feelings
and conflicts.
Choose the correct response? 
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of A
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the not the correct explanation of A
c) (A) is correct, (R) is Incorrect.
d) (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct.

53. Assertion (A): Self report measures requires the subject to objectively report his or her
feelings with respect to the items.
Reason (R): SCT makes use of number of incomplete sentences. The subject provides
the subject with several opportunities to reveal their underlying unconscious
motivations.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of A
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the not the correct explanation of A
c) (A) is correct, (R) is Incorrect.
d) (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct.

54. People behave differently in similar situations

Self and personality characteristics make people different from one another.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of A
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the not the correct explanation of A
c) (A) is correct, (R) is Incorrect.
d) (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct.

55. There is one guna present in every person

Dominance of one guna leads to a particular type of personality
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of A
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the not the correct explanation of A
c) (A) is correct, (R) is Incorrect.
d) (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct.

56. Each one has the capacity to choose and create

Every individual suffers from feeling of adequacy and ego ie. Superiority complex
arising from childhood.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of A
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the not the correct explanation of A
c) (A) is correct, (R) is Incorrect.
d) (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct.

57. Strong sense of self efficacy allows people to select, influence and even construct the
circumstances of their own life
Society parents and their own positive experiences can help in the development of their
own sense of self efficacy by presenting positive models during the formative years of
children
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of A
 b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the not the correct explanation of A
c) (A) is correct, (R) is Incorrect.
d) (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct.

58. Interview is a commonly used method for assessing personality

Diagnostic interviewing generally involves basic interviewing which seeks to go beyond the
replies given by the person.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of A
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the not the correct explanation of A
c) (A) is correct, (R) is Incorrect.
d) (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct.

59. Thematic Apperception test was developed by Herman Rorschach

It is little more structured that Ink blot test.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of A
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the not the correct explanation of A
c) (A) is correct, (R) is Incorrect.
d) (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct.

60. Sentence completion test makes use of several incomplete sentences

It is held that the type of ending used by the subjects reflect their attitude, motivation and
conflicts
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of A
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the not the correct explanation of A
c) (A) is correct, (R) is Incorrect.
d) (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct.

61. Behavioural ratings are frequently used for personality assessment of an individual in an
educational and industrial setups.
Behavioural ratings are generally taken from people who know the assesses intimately and
have interacted over a period of time.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of A
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the not the correct explanation of A
c) (A) is correct, (R) is Incorrect.
d) (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct.

62Women are more likely to be effected by social and cultural factors than by biological
factors.
Freud considered women as inferior
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of A
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the not the correct explanation of A
 c) (A) is correct, (R) is Incorrect.
d) (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct.

63. Use of observation for a personality assessment is a sophisticated procedure that cannot
be carried out by trained people.
Observation requires careful training of the observer and fairly detailed guidelines to
carry our analysis to use observation to assess personality
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of A
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the not the correct explanation of A
c) (A) is correct, (R) is Incorrect.
d) (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct.

64. (A) Stress helps only up to a certain point in enhancement of performance.

(R)Like all arousal phenomena, stress reactions do not have an inverted ‘U’ shaped
distribution.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of A
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the not the correct explanation of A
c) (A) is correct, (R) is Incorrect.
d) (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct.

65. Assertion (A) : The goal of stress management should be to eliminate stress. Reason (R) : Stress
can be helpful as well as harmful. Choose the correct response? A. Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A C. A is
true but R is false D. A is false but R is true

66. Assertion (A) Prolonged exposure to stress makes a person prone to infections. Reason (R) :
Prolonged stress reduces the number of white blood cells.

67. Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R). Read the
statements and choose the appropriate option.
Assertion (A): There may be many people who are academically talented but are unsuccessful in
their own lives.
Reason(R): The source of their difficulty is lack of emotional intelligence.
Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true

68. Assertion (A): PASS processes operate on a knowledge base developed either formally (through
reading and writing and experimenting) or informally from the environment.
Reason (R): The functioning of these processes are not interdependent on each other.
Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true
69. Assertion (A): A strong sense of self efficacy allows people to select, influence and construct the
circumstances of their own life.
Reason (R): People’s expectations of mastery or achievement and their convictions about their own
effectiveness determine the types of behaviors they engage in.
Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true

70. Assertion (A): Neurotic people have control over their feelings.
Reason (R): Neurotic people are anxious, moody, touchy, restless and are quick to lose control.
Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true

71. Assertion (A): A person who has strong aggressive tendencies may see other people as being
excessively aggressive towards him/her.
Reason (R): People adopt an ego defense mechanism called projection in which they attribute their
own traits to others.
Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true

72. Assertion (A): Behavioral ratings suffer from major limitations like acquiescence.
Reason (R): Raters have a tendency to place individuals in the middle of a scale by avoiding extreme
positions.
Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true

73. Assertion (A): Self-concept is the way we perceive ourselves and the ideas we hold about our
competencies and attributes.
Reasoning(R): Parents who make decisions for their children when they do not need assistance
often suffer from low self-esteem.
Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true

74. Assertion (A): All life challenges are not necessary stressful
Reasoning(R): It depends on how challenge is viewed.
Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true

75. . Assertion (A): An individual’s response to a stressful situation largely depends upon the
perceived events and how they are interpreted or appraised.
 Reasoning(R): Lazarus has distinguished between two types of appraisal- Primary and Secondary.

Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true

76. Assertion (A): Primary appraisal refers to assessment of ones coping ability, resources and
whether they will be sufficient to meet the harm threat or challenge of the event.

Reasoning(R): The resources may be mental, physical, personal or social.

Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true

77. Assertion (A): If pressure due to stress continue, one may suffer from mental overload.
Reasoning(R) This suffering from high level of stress can rapidly cause individuals to lose their
ability to make sound decisions, it lead to poor concentration and reduces short term memory
capacity.
Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true

78. . Assertion (A):To manage stress we often need to reassess the way we think and learn coping
strategies.

Reasoning(R) People who cope poorly with stress have an impaired immune response and
diminished activity of natural killer cells.

Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true

79. Assertion (A): Problem focused response includes taking direct action to solve the problem

Reasoning(R): It pertains to seeking information that will be relevant to the solution.

Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true

80. Assertion (A): After visualizing one must set oneself, a realistic goal as it helps build confidence.

Reasoning(R): It is easier to visualize if one’s mind is quiet, body is relaxed and eyes are closed.

Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true
81. Assertion (A): People with high level of stress but low level of illness share these characteristics
Reasoning(R): The three characteristics are quality, buffer and resistance.
Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true

82. Assertion (A): Psychological stresses are caused when we over- exert ourselves physically, lack of
nutritional diet, suffer an injury or fail to get enough sleep
Reasoning(R):Environmental stresses are caused by air pollution, crowding, noise, heat of the
summer, winter cold or disaster such as earth quakes, flood, droughts, land- slides, volcanic
eruptions etc.
Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true

83. Assertion (A): Behavioural ratings are frequently used for personality assessment of individuals
in educational and industrial settings
Reasoning(R):Behavioural ratings are generally taken from the people who know the assessee
intimately and have interacted over a period of time.
Options: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true

84.
. ASSERTION (A): In western culture, the self and the group exist as two different entities wi
th clearly defined boundaries.
REASONING (R): Individuals of the group maintain their individuality.

a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.

85. Assertion (A) : Regular exercise plays an important role in managing stress.
Reason (R) : The health benefits of exercise work as a stress buffer.
Choose the correct option.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true

86. 6. Assertion (A) : Many stress related problems occur as a result of distorted thinking.
Reason (R) : When we are stressed, we have an inbuilt selective bias to attend to
negative thoughts.
Choose the correct option.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
 B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true

87. 1. Assertion (A): Projective testing would be of great interest to Psychodynamic Personality Psychologist
Reason (R): Projective testing is designed to uncover unconscious thoughts, feelings and conflicts

88. Assertion (A): According to R. B. Cattell, source traits are important in the understanding of personality.
Reason (R): 16PF is used for uncovering source traits

89. Assertion (A): Outcomes of longitudinal studies of children provide evidence that in spite of extreme
vulnerabilities related to poverty and other social disadvantages, many individuals develop into capable and
caring adults.
Reason (R): Resilience is the capacity to ‘bounce back’ in the face of stress and adversity.

90. Assertion(A): Prolonged exposure to stress makes a person prone to

infection.
Reason (R): Prolonged stress reduce the number of White blood cells.
a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A)
b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A)
c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false
d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true

91. Assertion(A): The evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence comes

mainly from studies on twins and adopted children
Reason (R): Intelligence is a product of complex interaction of hereditary
(nature) and environment (nurture).
a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A)
b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A)
c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false
d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true

92. 14. Assertion(A): In behavioural ratings, raters may carry biases that influence their judgments
of different traits and be influenced by a single or favourable trait..

Reasoning(R): The situational stress test is used to provide information about how a person behaves
under stressful situation

a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

b. A is true but R is false

c. A is false but R is true

d. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A /y

93. 10. Assertion(A): The interactional approach holds that internal factors play an important role in
determining behaviour.

Reasoning(R): The compelling influence of situations can be seen through observation of individuals
behaviour in outdoor environments.

a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

b. A is true but R is false

c. A is false but R is true y

d. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A /

94. Assertion (A) : All life’s challenges are not necessarily stressful.

Reason (R) : It depends on how a challenge is viewed.

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason ( R ) is the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion ( A) is true, but Reason ( R) are true, but Reason ( R ) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason ( R ) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason ( R) is true.

Ans: Option ( a )

95. Assertion (A) : An individual’s response to a stressful situation largely depends

upon the perceived events and how they are interpreted or appraised.

Reason (R) : Lazarus has distinguished between two types of appraisals, i.e.,
primary and secondary.

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason ( R ) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion ( A) is true, but Reason ( R) are true, but Reason ( R ) is not the
correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason ( R ) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason ( R) is true.
Ans: Option ( b )
96. Assertion (A) : Primary appraisal refers to the assessment of one’s coping abilities,
resources and whether they will be sufficient to meet the harm, threat or challenge of the
event.

Reason (R): The resources may be mental, physical, personal or social

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason ( R ) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion ( A) is true, but Reason ( R) are true, but Reason ( R ) is not the
correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason ( R ) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason ( R) is true.
Ans: Option (d)

97. Assertion (A): If pressures due to stress continue, one may suffer from mental overload.

Reason (R ): This suffering from high levels of stress can rapidly cause individuals to lose
their ability to make sound decisions, it leads to poor concentration, and reduces short term
memory capacity.

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason ( R ) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion ( A) is true, but Reason ( R) are true, but Reason ( R ) is not the
correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason ( R ) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason ( R) is true.
Ans: Option (a)

98. Assertion (A): To manage stress, we often need to reassess the way we think and learn
coping strategies.

Reason ( R ): People who cope poorly with stress have an impaired immune response and
diminished activity of natural killer cells.

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason ( R ) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion ( A) is true, but Reason ( R) are true, but Reason ( R ) is not the
correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason ( R ) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason ( R) is true.
Ans:Option (b)

99. Assertion (A): Problem focused response includes taking direct action to solve the
problem.

Reason (R): It pertains to seeking information that will be relevant to the solution.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason ( R ) is the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion ( A) is true, but Reason ( R) are true, but Reason ( R ) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason ( R ) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason ( R) is true.
Ans: Option (a)

100. Assertion (A): After visualising one must set oneself a realistic goal, as it helps build
confidence.

Reason (R): It is easier to visualise if one’s mind is quiet, body is relaxed and eyes are closed.

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason ( R ) is the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion ( A) is true, but Reason ( R) are true, but Reason ( R ) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason ( R ) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason ( R) is true.
Ans: Option (d)

101. Assertion (A): People with high levels of stress but low levels of illness share three
characteristics.

Reason (R): The three characteristics are Quality,Buffer and Resistance.

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason ( R ) is the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion ( A) is true, but Reason ( R) are true, but Reason ( R ) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason ( R ) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason ( R) is true.
Ans:Option (c )

102. Assertion ( A): Psychological stresses are caused when we overexert ourselves
physically, lack a nutritional diet, suffer an injury or fail to get enough sleep.

Reason (R): Environmental stresses are caused by air pollution, crowding , noise, heat of the
summer, winter cold or disasters such as fire, or natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods,
drought, land-slides volcanic eruptions, etc.,

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason ( R ) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion ( A) is true, but Reason ( R) are true, but Reason ( R ) is not the
correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason ( R ) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason ( R) is true.
 Ans: Option (d)

103. Assertion (A): The physical and psychological characteristics of individuals are not the
same.
Reason (R): Individuals differ in their ability to understand complex ideas, adapt to the
environment, learn from experience, engage in various forms of reasoning, and to overcome
obstacles.
Ans. Option (A) is correct.

104. Assertion (A): Aptitude refers to an individual’s underlying potential for acquiring skills.
Reason (R): Aptitude tests are used to predict what an individual will be able to do if given
proper environment and training.
Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Aptitude tests help to check aptitude of an individual. These are not cause
and effect.

105. Assertion (A): Intelligence is a single entity.

Reason (R): Various types of intelligences exist independent of each other.
Ans. Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: According to Howard Gardner, intelligence is not a single entity, rather distinct
types of intelligence co-exist.

106. Assertion (A): The PASS processes operate on a knowledge base.

Reason (R): The knowledge base is developed by reading and writing alone.
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: PASS processes operate on a knowledge base developed either formally
(by reading, writing, and experimenting) or informally from the environment.

107. Assertion (A): Low IQ indicates deficits in adaptive behaviour or the capacity to be
independent and deal effectively with one's environment.
Reason (R): Deficits must be observed during the developmental period, i.e., between 0-18
years.
Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Both (A) and (R) are statements of facts about Deficits. They do not have cause
and effect relationship.

108. Assertion (A): Some verbal tests require responses in written form.
Reason (R): Verbal tests can only be administered to literate people.
Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Both (A) and (R) are statements of facts about verbal tests. They do not have
cause
and effect relationship.

109. Assertion (A): People with similar time to similar intelligence take acquire knowledge or
skills.
Assertion (R): With proper training, these abilities can be considerably enhanced.
Ans. Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: People with similar intelligence may take different time to acquire knowledge or
skills. Intelligence level are two different concepts. and learning level

110. Assertion (A): A psychological test is an objective and standardised measure of an

individual’s mental or behavioural characteristics.
Assertion
(R): Psychological tests measure psychological attributes such as weight, height,
arm length, etc.
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: Psychological tests measure psychological attributes such as intelligence,
aptitude, personality, etc.

111. Assertion (A): Spatial intelligence is used while navigating in space, forming,
transforming and
using mental images.
Reason: Spatial intelligence is involved in perceiving the formation of images in three
dimension.
Ans. Option (A) is correct.

Answers
1.D 2A 3A 4A 5C 6B 7A

8A 9D 10A 11A 12B 13A 14A

15A 16D 17B 18C 19A 20A 21B

22A 23C 24C 25D 26A 27A 28B

29D 30C 31B 32A 33D 34C 35B

36A 37B 38C 39A 40A 41B 42B

43C 44A 45A 46C 47B 48C 49A

50B 51A 52A 53B 54A 55D 56C

57A 58C 59D 60A 61A 62B 63D

64C 65D 66A 67A 68C 69A 70D

71A 72D 73B 74A 75B 76D 77A

78B 79A 80D 81C 82D 83A 84A

85A 86A 87A 88A 89B 90A 91A

92B 93C 94A 95B 96D 97A 98B

99A 100D 101C 102D 103A 104B 105D

106C 107B 108B 109D 110C 111A