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The 

genitive case is most familiar to English speakers as


the case that expresses possession: "my hat" or "Harry's
house." In Latin it is used to indicate any number of
relationships that are most frequently and easily translated
into English by the preposition "of": "love of god", "the driver
of the bus," the "state of the union," "the son of god." In all
these instances, the prepositional phrase modifies a noun;
that is, the prepositional phrase acts like an adjective: "love
of god" = "god's love" = "divine love". The last example
shows the "genetic" relationship that gives the genitive case
its name.

singular noun dog dog's dinner

plural noun dogs dogs' dinner

singular noun ending s Chris Chris' hat or Chris's hat

plural nouns not ending s Men Men's room

 Dan's bike
(No one would argue this is the genitive case and the
possessive case. It is the bike of Dan. It is about
possession.)
 Children's songs
(This is not about possession. It's about
songs for children. For this reason, some argue this is
the genitive case and not the possessive case.)
 Constable's paintings
(This is not about possession. It's about
paintings by Constable. Some would argue this is the
genitive case and not the possessive case.)
Indefinite pronouns do not refer to a specific person, place,
or thing. In English, there is a particular group of indefinite
pronouns formed with a quantifier or distributive preceeded
by any, some, every and no.

Place Thing
Person

All everyone everywhere everything


everybody

Part (positive) someone somewhere something


somebody

Part (negative) anyone anywhere anything


anybody

None no one nowhere nothing


nobody

In affirmative sentences, indefinite pronouns using some are used to describe an indefinite


quantity, the indefinite pronouns with every are used to describe a complete quantity, and the
pronouns with no are used to describe an absence. Indefinite pronouns with no are often used in
affirmative sentences with a negative meaning, but these are nevertheless not negative sentences
because they are lacking the word not.

Someone is sleeping in my bed.

He saw something in the garden.

Keith is looking for somewhere to live.


Negative sentences can only be formed with the indefinite pronouns that include any.

I don't have anything to eat.


She didn't go anywhere last week.
I can't find anyone to come with me.

 Is there anything to eat?
 Did you go anywhere last night?

Many negative sentences that include an indefinite pronoun with any can be


turned into affirmative sentences with a negative meaning by using an indefinite
pronoun with no. However, there is a change in meaning with this
transformation: the sentence that includes an indefinite pronoun with no is
stronger, and can imply emotional content such as definsiveness, hopelessness,
anger, etc.

I don't know anything about it. = neutral


I know nothing about it. = defensive
I don't have anybody to talk to. = neutral
I have nobody to talk to. = hopeless
There wasn't anything we could do. = neutral
There was nothing we could do. = defensive/angry

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