"There is no education like adversity.

"
Disraeli, Endymion

Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.

Spring 2002
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STCC
 In the English language . . .
There are nine parts of speech . . .

 Nouns It is important to
 Verbs understand that every word
 Pronouns in a sentence has a job to
do, a role in the sentence.
 Adjectives
 Adverbs
 Conjunctions
 Articles
 Prepositions
 Interjections 2
 Noun:person, place,thing or
quality
Person: Mr. Garcia likes to eat spinach.

Place: Mission is an old town.

Thing: To cook you need a couple of pots.

Quality: Honesty is a great value to

possess
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1. Loneliness was a new experience for me.
2. Shopping is done at the mall.
3. Hospitality is natural in my village.
4. The refrigerator in my apartment doesn’t work.
5. I left my sunglasses at a restaurant yesterday.
6. When she heard someone playing the cello in
the flat above hers.
7. He’s extremely proud of his son.
8. I caught the train that passed the town.

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 Verb: shows action or state of
being
Action: He was running through the
forest.
State of being: He was sad that
particular morning.

Verbs are also often accompanied by verb-like words

called modals (may, could, should, etc.) and
auxiliaries(do, have, will, etc.)  to give them different
meanings.
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 Pronoun: takes the place of a
noun or nouns
Personal Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns
Intensive Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
Relative Pronouns

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 Personal Pronouns

Subjective Objective Possessive

Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural

First
I we me us mine ours
Person
Second
you you you you yours yours
Person
Third him, her,
he, she, it they them his, hers theirs
Person it

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 Reflexive Pronouns
A reflexive pronoun refers back to the subject of a
sentence. The reflexive pronouns are herself,
himself, itself, myself, ourselves, themselves,
yourself and yourselves. Each of these words can
also act as an intensive pronoun (see below).
- I learned a lot about myself at summer camp.
(Myself refers back to I.)
- They should divide the berries among
themselves. (Themselves refers back to they.)

Intensive Pronouns
An intensive pronoun emphasizes its antecedent (the
noun that comes before it). The intensive pronouns are
herself, himself, itself, myself, ourselves, themselves,
yourself and yourselves. Each of these words can also
act as a reflective pronoun (see above).

- I myself don't like eggs.

- The queen herself visited our class. 8
 Interrogative Pronouns

An interrogative pronoun is used in a question.

It helps to ask about something. The
interrogative pronouns are what, which, who,
whom, and compound words ending in "ever,"
such as whatever, whichever, whoever, and
whomever.
What on earth is that?
Who ate the last Fig Newton?

An interrogative pronoun may look like an

interrogative adjective, but it is used differently
in a sentence: it acts as a pronoun, taking the
place of a noun.

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 Indefinite Pronouns

An indefinite pronoun refers to an indefinite, or

general, person or thing. Indefinite pronouns
include all, any, both, each, everyone, few,
many, none, nothing, several, some, and
somebody.

- Something smells good.

- Many like salsa with their chips.

An indefinite pronoun may look like an

indefinite adjective, but it is used differently in
a sentence: it acts as a pronoun, taking the
place of a noun.

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 Relative Pronouns

A relative pronoun introduces a clause, or part

of a sentence, that describes a noun. The
relative pronouns are that, which, who, and
whom.
- You should bring the book that
you love most.
That introduces "you love most," which
describes the book.
- Hector is a photographer who does
great work.
Who introduces "does great work," which
describes Hector.

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 Adjective: describes a noun
or a pronoun

The beautiful woman only wanted a

couple of pairs of shoes.
The rainy day made us even sadder.
He is handsome.

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 Kinds of adjectives

 Possessive Adjectives

A possessive adjective modifies a noun by telling

whom it belongs to. It answers the question "
Whose?"
Examples are: his, her, its, my, our, their, and
your.
•You can share my rice.
•Have you seen their house?
•This is his room.
•They are our friends.

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 Demonstrative Adjectives

The demonstrative adjectives that, these, this,

those, and answer the question "Which?"
•I'm going to open that present.
•Whose is this bag?
•These mangoes are very sweet.
A demonstrative adjective may look like a
demonstrative pronoun, but it is used differently in
the sentence: it is an adjective, used to modify a
noun or pronoun.

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 Interrogative Adjectives

The interrogative adjectives are used with nouns to

ask questions. Examples are what, which and
whose.
•What movie do you want to see?
•Which leaves turn color first?
•Whose son is he?
An interrogative adjective may look like an
interrogative pronoun, but it is used differently in the
sentence: it is an adjective, used to modify a noun or
pronoun.

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 Indefinite Adjectives

An indefinite adjective gives indefinite, or general,

information. Often, it answers the question "How
much?" Some common indefinite adjectives are all,
any, each, every, few, many, and some.
•Many children like dinosaurs.
•Did you want some bananas?
•Is there any water in the bottle?
An indefinite adjective may look like an indefinite
pronoun, but it is used differently in the sentence: it is
an adjective, used to modify a noun or pronoun.

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 Adverb: describes a verb, an
adjective, or another adverb
The little girl walked happily through the
park.
The orphan hungrily ate the hot stew.
He usually gets good grades.
I can’t meet you today.
He is really handsome.
He drives incredibly slowly
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 Conjunctions: words that join
words, phrases or sentences
 Manuel and Marisol loved to cook.

 You will go to school, or you will fail.

 I am happy because I just received my check.

 It has been cloudy since the morning.

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Article: There are only three articles--the, a , an
(Actually, articles are adjectives and not a
different part of speech)
The bicycle was not only red but shiny.

A yellow moon always appears in

October.

An excellent student, Armando passed all

his exams.
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 Preposition: A word or phrase that shows the
relationship between the noun that it takes as an object
and some other word in the sentence.

The cat was on the table.

The dog was under the table.
These are some common prepositions:
For on to up
at under above toward
With between in behind
From upon into off
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Interjections: expressive words
Wow, you knocked that ball out of the
park.
Oh, you really need to take care of
yourself.
Huh, what did you say?
Ah, now I understand the problem.

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 Identify each word in the
following sentence
The beautiful queen was walking slowly
on the cool lawn, and she was reading a
long book about knights and kings which
she enjoyed.

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The beautiful queen was walking slowly
article adjective noun verb verb adverb

on the cool lawn, and she was reading a

preposition article adjective noun conjunction pronoun verb verb article

long book about knights and kings which

 adjective noun preposition noun conjunction noun preposition

she enjoyed.
 Pronoun verb

Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.

Spring 2002
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STCC
 Assignment: Identify parts of
speech
1. The queen knew that she would be the only pretty
woman at the party.

2. The king did not know if he was going to make the

cake, and he was afraid to tell the queen.

3. The thin waitress told the customers that they

desperately needed to go on a diet.

4. I ran many miles every day, and I couldn’t lose a

pound.

5. This quiz was a piece of cake.

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 The Hungry Mouse

A mouse was having a very bad time. She could find no food at all. She
looked here and there, but there was no food, and she grew very thin.
At last the mouse found a basket, full of corn. There was a small hole
in the basket, and she crept in. She could just get through the hole.
Then she began to eat the corn. Being very hungry, she ate a great
deal, and went on eating and eating. She had grown very fat before
she felt that she had had enough.
When the mouse tried to climb out of the basket, she could not. She
was too fat to pass through the hole.
" How shall I climb out?" said the mouse. "oh, how shall I climb out?"
Just then a rat came along, and he heard the mouse.
"Mouse," said the rat, "if you want to climb out of the basket, you
must wait till you have grown as thin as you were when you went in."

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