RPH Group-1 Thinking-Historically FINAL

Group 1
Thinking Historically
Basic Concepts, Methods, and Perspectives in the Study of History
Readings in Philippine History

Charades
• People from our group will be the ones who will enact the
word that is needed to be guessed.
• There will be 5 words in total.
• Everyone is encouraged to participate as there will be
incentives/prizes that will be given to the winner.
• The first two people to guess the word by typing in the
chatbox will be declared as the winner.
Prizes

Meaning and Relevance
of History

History
History is the study of life in society in
the past, in all its aspect, and aims to The origin o
understand the meaning and dynamics associated
ysayan. This which mean
: salaysay, of the relationship between cause and designed to
a story and effect in the overall present human
societal developments and future
hopes. Historia (Sp
Gesichte (G

History
The origin of the word History is
society in associated with the Greek word
d aims to ‘Historia’ which means ‘information’ or
d dynamics Filipinos use
cause and ‘an enquiry designed to elicit truth’. word is root
human which mean
uture saysay or m
Historia (Spanish), Histoire (French),
Gesichte (German).

History
ry is History is the
word Filipinos use the word Kasaysayan. This the past, in a
rmation’ or word is rooted in two words: salaysay, understand t
t truth’. of the relatio
which means a narrative or a story and effect in the
saysay or meaning. societal deve
(French), hopes.

Relevance of History
History aims at helping people to understand the present
existing social, political, religious and economic conditions of the
people.
History gives us a way of looking at the world, a Filipino viewpoint that
influences the way we see the past, and hopefully, the future.
History have a broad range of inquiry, as it is concerned with wide

perspectives, general explanations and fundamental questions, as with
specific detail or events, and the particular interpretation of sources
and evidence

Distinction of Primary and Secondary
Sources; External and Internal
Criticisms

Primary vs.
Secondary Sources
SECONDARY
PRIMARY

Primary vs. Secondary Sources
PRIMARY
• Created by eyewitnesses or written
SECONDARY
• Created by someone who did not
by the author for personal use. live or experienced an event
• Direct evidences or first- hand testimonies. happened.
• Most reliable reference and source. • These sources interpret and analyze the
• It may be in the form of documents, diaries, information written in the primary source.
memorabilia and artifacts. • These sources are secondhand information
• Produced at the same time where an event written by the authors.
happened. • It is commonly in the form of books,
• It is difficult to find because some are kept to magazines, newspapers, etc.
repositories. • A secondary source was written and published
using the primary sources as the source of
information.
• Unlike primary sources, it can be easily found
online.
PRIMARY
• Created by eyewitnesses or written by the
SECONDARY
• Created by someone who did not live or
author for personal use. experienced an event happened.
• Direct evidences or first- hand • These sources interpret and
testimonies. analyze the information written in
• Most reliable reference and the primary source.
source. • These sources are secondhand
• It may be in the form of documents, diaries, information written by the authors.
memorabilia and artifacts. • It is commonly in the form of books,
• Produced at the same time where an event magazines, newspapers, etc.
happened. • A secondary source was written and published
• It is difficult to find because some are kept to using the primary sources as the source of
repositories. information.
online.
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
• Direct evidences or first- hand testimonies. • These sources interpret and analyze the
• Most reliable reference and source. information written in the primary source.
• It may be in the form of documents, • These sources are secondhand information
written by the authors.
diaries, memorabilia and artifacts.
• Produced at the same time where an event • It is commonly in the form of
happened. books, magazines, newspapers, etc.
• It is difficult to find because some are kept to • A secondary source was written and published
repositories. using the primary sources as the source of
information.
online.

PRIMARY
SECONDARY
• It may be in the form of documents, diaries, • These sources are secondhand information
memorabilia and artifacts. written by the authors.
• Produced at the same time where • It is commonly in the form of books,
magazines, newspapers, etc.
an event happened.
• It is difficult to find because some are kept to • A secondary source was written
repositories. and published using the primary
sources as the source of
information.
online.
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
• It may be in the form of documents, diaries, • These sources are secondhand information
memorabilia and artifacts. written by the authors.
• Produced at the same time where an event • It is commonly in the form of books,
happened. magazines, newspapers, etc.
• It is difficult to find because some • A secondary source was written and published
using the primary sources as the source of
are kept to repositories. information.
• Unlike primary sources, it can be
easily found online.

SIMILARITIES
• Both can be useful in academics.
• Both can be reliable reference.
• Both sources were published.
• Both can be a source of knowledge.

SIMILARITIES

SIMILARITIES

SIMILARITIES

SIMILARITIES

Internal vs.
External Criticism
EXTERNAL
INTERNAL

Internal vs. External Criticism
INTERNAL EXTERNAL
• It is the credibility of the • It is the authenticity of a
contents within a document. documents used in a historical
• It indicates the accuracy, trustworthiness, and study.
veracity of the materials to which historical • It involves knowledge of when certain things
data will be based. existed, or it supports the claim whether it is
• It includes looking at the apparent or possible possible or impossible to exist.
motives of the person providing the data. • Involves authorship and textual circumstances
(time, place, purpose, etc.)
• The purpose of it is to identify the genuiness
of a document.

INTERNAL
• It is the credibility of the contents within a
EXTERNAL
• It is the authenticity of a documents used in a
document. historical study.
• It indicates the accuracy, • It involves knowledge of when
trustworthiness, and veracity of certain things existed, or it
the materials to which historical supports the claim whether it is
data will be based. possible or impossible to exist.
• It includes looking at the apparent or possible • Involves authorship and textual circumstances
motives of the person providing the data. (time, place, purpose, etc.)
• The purpose of it is to identify the genuiness
of a document.

INTERNAL
• It is the credibility of the contents within a
EXTERNAL
• It is the authenticity of a documents used in a
document. historical study.
• It indicates the accuracy, trustworthiness, and • It involves knowledge of when certain things
veracity of the materials to which historical existed, or it supports the claim whether it is
data will be based. possible or impossible to exist.
• It includes looking at the • Involves authorship and textual
apparent or possible motives of circumstances (time, place,
the person providing the data. purpose, etc.)
• The purpose of it is to identify
the genuiness of a document.

SIMILARITIES
•Both are used in Historical
Criticism
• Both have purpose in validating the collected
sources to be used as the reference of the historical
account to publish

SIMILARITIES
• Both are used in Historical Criticism
•Both have purpose in validating
the collected sources to be used
as the reference of the historical
account to publish
Repositories of Primary
Sources, and Different
Kinds of Primary Sources

Repository • a place, building, or receptacle where things are or
may be stored. (Oxford Languages)
• one that contains or stores something nonmaterial.
(Merriam-Webster)

Repositories of
Primary Sources in
the Philippines
• Museums
• Libraries
• Archives
Repositories of Primary Sources in the Philippines
National Museum of the Philippines
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2F
www.sunstar.com.ph%2Farticle%2F1840382%2FBaguio
%2FLifestyle%2FBautista-National-Museum-Of-Fine-
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fww https://media.tacdn.com/media/attractions-splice-spp- Arts&psig=AOvVaw1syFbn69eK-
w.nomadicexperiences.com%2F2019%2F12%2Fnational- 674x446/0b/27/73/cb.jpg xPCIdOXPAIH&ust=1633993948483000&source=images
museum-of-natural- &cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCJiDofv7wPMCFQAAAAA
history.html&psig=AOvVaw1EnFcbZhqSyLKlOgV5WhEg&ust dAAAAABAD
=1633993586893000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQj
RxqFwoTCMj7ztL6wPMCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAd

National Museum of the Philippines
https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/
National Library of the Philippines
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&u
rl=http%3A%2F%2Fcnnphilippines.co
m%2Flifestyle%2F2016%2F08%2F18
%2FNational-Library-of-the-
Philippines-free-
entrance.html&psig=AOvVaw0an6bg
LFYCvgNs967VU6- https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.
F&ust=1633994132153000&source= com%2FFriends-of-the-National-Library-of-the-Philippines-
images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwo 335873617074681%2Fabout%2F&psig=AOvVaw3Lt6RLP7_4NUCObcooR
TCOC4o9P8wPMCFQAAAAAdAAAA _JE&ust=1633994515315000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqF
ABAD woTCMi1uo_-wPMCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

National Library of the Philippines
http://web.nlp.gov.ph/nlp

National Archives of the Philippines
Facebook | Philippine Star National Archives of the Philippines

National Archives of the Philippines
https://nationalarchives.gov.ph/
Different Kinds of
Primary Sources
Published Documents
Unpublished Documents
Oral Traditions
Artworks and Artifacts

Different Kinds of Primary Sources
Published Documents
• Speeches
• Published books, newspapers, and
magazine clippings Published at the time
• Photographs, audio recordings, video
recordings, films Benigno S. Aquino III, Sixth SONA People Power Revolution
• Government publications (https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/images/uploads/
2015-SONA-1.jpg)
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3
/3b/EDSA_Revolution_pic1.jpg)
• Autobiographies and memoirs
• Printed ephemera
• Research data, e.g. public opinion polls
Dictator
Ferdinand
Marcos
Declares
Martial Law
(https://asset
s2.rappler.co
m/2020/09/1
600333253-
Ninoy Aquino’s Death (http://www.getrealphilippines.com/wp- phiippines-
content/uploads/2018/05/ninoy_aquino_international_airport- daily-
1.jpg) express-fm-
declares-
martial-
Readings in Philippine History law.jpg)
Unpublished Documents
• Archives and manuscript material
• Journals, letters, and diaries
• Scrapbooks
• Records of organizations
Restored Manuscript of Noli Me Tangere

(https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com
%2F111131982293260%2Fphotos%2Foriginal-manuscript-of-noli-me-
tangerebyjose-
rizal%2F346145662125223%2F&psig=AOvVaw2aYRH4n9Q_WaUtXw3PMwY7&
Journal Entry of Ferdinand Marcos
ust=1634023060622000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCJjfmrT
(https://philippinediaryproject.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/197
7-04-01-01b.jpeg)
owfMCFQAAAAAdAAAAABBh)

Oral Traditions
• Oral histories
• Rituals
• Witness’s Statements

Artworks and Artifacts
• Artifacts, e.g. clothing, costumes, furniture
700,000 year old hunting stone tools from the Kalinga province (https://filipiknow.net/wp-
content/uploads/2018/07/700000-year-old-Rhino-Hunting-Tools-from-
Spoliarium by Juan Luna Kalinga.jpg?ezimgfmt=ng:webp/ngcb45)
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Spoliarium_of_
Juan_Luna_displayed_at_Philippine_National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts.jpg)

Examples of Primary
Sources

Antonio Pigafetta’s “First Voyage Around the World”
https://kbimages1-a.akamaihd.net/60fec218-2c68-4ddd-9f73-
948068273f4e/1200/1200/False/the-first-voyage-around-the-world-1519-1522.jpg
http://images.summitmedia-
digital.com/esquiremagph/images/2019/04/23/Ferdinand%20Magellan.jpg

Emilio Jacinto’s “Kartilya ng Katipunan”
http://www.philippinemasonry.org/uploads/6/5/4/0/6540709/2400152.gif?30
1
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BggfYciVOBY/TBL6QsG5T6I/AAAAAAAAAgg/R6m
dMAMsNhQ/s1600/kartilya.gif
https://kbimages1-a.akamaihd.net/60fec218-2c68-4ddd-9f73-
948068273f4e/1200/1200/False/the-first-voyage-around-the-world-1519-
1522.jpg

The 1898 Declaration of Philippine Independence
https://d27bygd3qv5fha.cloudfront.net/Jun-11-
2018/5b1f31651c315c72e4963651/optimizegeneral
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-
7D1am_6gP74/XPB3jySYJBI/AAAAAAAAFZ4/PI8Dx1gtQF4iQeGKimngu88
Ko4XRB26BwCLcBGAs/s1600/2019-05_philippine-national-day_02.jpg

Alfred McCoy’s Philippine Cartoons:
Political Caricature of the American Era
https://i.grassets.com/images/S/compressed.
photo.goodreads.com/books/1373603863l/30
04055.jpg

Corazon Aquino’s Speech before the US Congress
https://youtu.be/9bavnuT4RlU

The Case of the
“Kalantiaw Code”
https://alchetron.com/cdn/code-of-kalantiaw-b6815916-
23bf-4c39-92ee-f5b55dbabc8-resize-750.jpeg

ORIGIN OF KALANTIAW CODE
• A mythical legal code
called "The code of
Kalantiaw" is a famous
epic story of Maragtas.
• The supposed author is Datu Kalantiaw that was written in
1433. He was a chief in the island of negros.
http://naranjofatima.blogspot.com/2016/12/kalantiaw-maragtas-urduja-
are-they-for.html

ORIGIN OF KALANTIAW CODE
• A mythical legal code called "The code of Kalantiaw" is a famous epic story of Maragtas.
• The supposed author is Datu Kalantiaw that

was written in 1433. He was a chief in the
island of negros.

JOSE E. MARCO
• He was one of the most successful
forgers and created many fake
documents.
• Jose E. Marco wrote about the code of kalantiaw in 1913
• "Las Antiguas Leyendes de la Isla de Negros" (The Ancient Legends of the Island of
Negros).
• Source is a priest named Jose Maria Pavon.
• He transferred the location of the origin of the code from Negros to Panay.
• The code may have been related to the Binirayan Festival
Jose E. Marco
https://buglas-
writers.medium.c
om/jose-e-
marco-fraud-
and-trickster-
1fffb41e44c

JOSE E. MARCO
• He was one of the most successful forgers and created many fake documents.
• Jose E. Marco wrote about the code

of kalantiaw in 1913
Negros).
Jose E. Marco
https://buglas-
writers.medium.c
om/jose-e-
marco-fraud-
and-trickster-
1fffb41e44c

JOSE E. MARCO
• "Las Antiguas Leyendes de la Isla de

Negros" (The Ancient Legends of the
Island of Negros).
Jose E. Marco
https://buglas-
writers.medium.c
om/jose-e-
marco-fraud-
and-trickster-
1fffb41e44c

JOSE E. MARCO
Negros).
• Source is a priest named Jose Maria

Pavon.
Jose E. Marco
https://buglas-
writers.medium.c
om/jose-e-
marco-fraud-
and-trickster-
1fffb41e44c

JOSE E. MARCO
Negros).
• He transferred the location of the

origin of the code from Negros to
Panay.
Jose E. Marco
https://buglas-
writers.medium.c
om/jose-e-
marco-fraud-
and-trickster-
1fffb41e44c

JOSE E. MARCO
Negros).
• The code may have been related to

the Binirayan Festival
Jose E. Marco
https://buglas-
writers.medium.c
om/jose-e-
marco-fraud-
and-trickster-
1fffb41e44c

WHAT IS THE CODE OF
https://alchetron.com/Code-of-Kalantiaw KALANTIAW?
ARTICLE I Kalantiaw Code
• Shall not kill
• Shall not steal
• Shall not harm the aged
• Being drowned in the river,
• or In boiling water
https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/ne
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
ws/two-drowned-to-death-in-a-pit/

Kalantiaw Code ARTICLE II
• Let all your debts with the headman
be met punctually.
• He who does not obey shall receive
for the first time one hundred
lashes.
• If the debt is large, he shall be
https://kitchenhandsdown.com/kitchen- https://www.centralfishes.com.br/fishworm/1 condemned to thrust his hand in
boiling water thrice.
extras/how-to-prevent-burns-and-scalds- 9/3027/481391
in-the-kitchen/
• For the second time, he shall be

beaten to death.
https://www.ndtv.com/cities/ut 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
tar-pradesh-gorakhpur-27-year-
old-man-beaten-to-death-by-
lovers-family-2490995

ARTICLE III Kalantiaw Code
• Let no one have women that are
very young nor more than he can
support, nor be given to excessive
lust.
• For the first time, you shall swim
for three hours.
• For the second time, to be beaten
to death with sharp thorns.
https://www.who.int/news/item/05-07-2021-who-pledges-
extensive-commitments-towards-women-s-empowerment-
and-health
https://gearjunkie.com/boats-water/new-zealand-extreme-swimming
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Kalantiaw Code ARTICLE IV
• Observe and obey;
• Let no one disturb the graves
• When passing by the caves and
trees where they are, give respect
to them.
• He who does not observe this shall
be killed by ants or beaten to death
https://jooinn.com/cave-near-trees.html
https://news.clas.ufl.edu/invasive-big-headed-ants-pose-a-major-threat-to-
with thorns.
a-kenyan-ecosystem/
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

ARTICLE V Kalantiaw Code
• You shall obey;
• He who exchanges for food, let it be
always done in accordance with his
word.
• He who does not comply, shall be
beaten for one hour.
• He who repeats the offense shall be
exposed for one day among ants. https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/top-view-hands-exchanging-
food_9360922.htm
https://www.google.com/search?q=beaten&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjFq
fWdtb_zAhUbJqYKHU-CDPgQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=beaten&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIHCCMQ7wMQJzIHCCM
Q7wMQJzIFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIAEMgUIABCABDIFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIAEMg
UIABCABDIFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIAEOggIABCABBCxAzoLCAAQgAQQsQMQg
wE6BAgAEEM6BwgAELEDEEM6CAgAELEDEIMBUNSrhQFY27GFAWDBtYU
BaABwAHgAgAGCAYgB6gSSAQM0LjKYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 BAQ&sclient=img&ei=AKNiYcWpOpvMmAXPhLLADw&bih=657&biw=136
6&hl=en#imgrc=Sdc21qFug3FcHM

Kalantiaw Code ARTICLE VI
• You shall be obliged
• Reserve sights that are held in
respect, such those trees of
recognized worth and other sights.
• He who fails shall pay with one
month's work in gold or in honey.
https://www.mining-technology.com/features/the-gold-standard-what-is-behind-
bullions-best-run-in-years/
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/10-benefits-of-honey
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

ARTICLE VII Kalantiaw Code
• He who kills trees of venerable
appearance
• Who shoots arrows at night at old
men and women
• He who enters the houses of the
headmen without permission
• He who kills a shark or a streaked
cayman
• These shall be put to death https://kaist455.com/2011/08/14/war-of-the-arrows-2011/
https://www.britannica.com/animal/caiman-reptile-group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Kalantiaw Code ARTICLE VIII
• Those who steal away the women of
the headman
• Him who keep ill-tempered dogs
that bite the headman
• Him who burns the fields of another
• They shall be suffered from slavery
for a doam (a certain period of
time)
https://enduringword.com/burning-barley-fields/
https://c3teachers.org/inquiries/slavery/
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

ARTICLE IX Kalantiaw Code
• Those who sing while traveling by
night
• Kill the manaul (creature of
Philippine Mythology)
• Tear the documents belonging to
the headman
• Malicious liars
• Who mock the dead https://www.puertoparrot.com/articles/the-role-of-birds-and-serpents-in-
philippine-mythology
• All these shall be beaten for two

days
https://www.storyblocks.com/video/search/torn+paper
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Kalantiaw Code ARTICLE X
• It is decreed an obligation;
• Every mother secretly teaches her
daughters matters pertaining to lust
and prepares them for womanhood.
• Let not men be cruel nor punish
their women when they catch them
in the act of adultery.
• Whoever shall disobey shall be
killed by being cut to pieces
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/abyssinian-men-punishing-women-created-by-
93727150
• Thrown to the caymans
https://www.deviantart.com/seductive-stock/art/Water-
Splash-1-30200891
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

ARTICLE XI Kalantiaw Code
• Who by their strength or cunning
have mocked at and escaped
punishment or have killed young
boys.
• Try to steal away the women of the
elders.
• These shall be burned
https://history.howstuffworks
.com/10-medieval-torture-
devices.htm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Kalantiaw Code ARTICLE XII
• All who interfere with their
superiors, or their owners or
masters.
• All those who abuse themselves
through their lust.
• Those who destroy their anitos
(idols) by breaking them or
throwing them down.
https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/two-
drowned-to-death-in-a-pit/
• These shall be drowned
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anito
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

ARTICLE XIII Kalantiaw Code
• Who kill black cats during a new
moon
• Steal anything from the chiefs or
agorangs, however small the object
may be.
• All these shall be exposed to ants
for half day
https://www.thegreatcat.org/cat-superstitions-by-country/
https://news.clas.ufl.edu/invasive-big-headed-
ants-pose-a-major-threat-to-a-kenyan-
ecosystem/
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Kalantiaw Code ARTICLE XIV
• Who have beautiful daughters and
deny them to the sons of chiefs, and
with bad faith hide them away.
• These shall be made slave for life
https://c3teachers.org/inquiries/slavery/
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

ARTICLE XV Kalantiaw Code
• Concerning beliefs and
superstitions;
• Who eat the diseased flesh of
beasts which they hold in respect.
• The herb which they consider good.
• Who wound or killed the young of
the Manaul, or the white monkey.
• These shall be beaten
https://www.reddit.com/r/wallpaper/comments/gstgxh/white_monkey_1920_x_1080
https://www.google.com/search?q=beaten&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjFqfWdt
b_zAhUbJqYKHU-
CDPgQ2cCegQIABAA&oq=beaten&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIHCCMQ7wMQJzIHCC
MQ7wMQJzIFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIAEMgUIABCABDIFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIAEMgUIA
BCABDIFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIAEOggIABCABBCxAzoLCAAQgAQQsQMQgwE6BAgA
EEM6BwgAELEDEEM6CAgAELEDEIMBUNSrhQFY27GFAWDBtYUBaABwAHgAgA
GCAYgB6gSSAQM0LjKYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&sclient=img&ei
=AKNiYcWpOpvMmAXPhLLADw&bih=657&biw=1366&hl=en#imgrc=Sdc21qFug
3FcHM
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Kalantiaw Code ARTICLE XVI
• All those who break idols of wood
and clay in their alangans and
temples.
• Those who destroy the daggers of
the tagalons.
• Break the drinking jars of the latter.
• The fingers shall be cut-off
https://www.shutterstock.com/search/broken+jar
https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/gravematters/2017/02/24/grief-ritual-
finger-
amputaion/&sclient=img&ei=AKNiYcWpOpvMmAXPhLLADw&bih=657&biw
=1366&hl=en#imgrc=Sdc21qFug3FcHM
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

ARTICLE XVII Kalantiaw Code
• Who profane sites where idols are
kept, and sites where are buried the
sacred things of their diwatas and
headmen.
• These shall be killed.
• He who performs his necessities in https://time.com/4602680/pr
those places shall be burned.

ofanity-research-why-we-
swear/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_by_burning
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Kalantiaw Code ARTICLE XVIII
• Those who do not cause these rules
to be obeyed
• If they are headmen, they shall be
put to death by being stoned and
crushed.
• If they are agorangs they shall be
placed in rivers to be eaten by
https://www.dreamstime.com/massive-granite-boulders-shore-west-coast-south-africa-
sharks and caymans.
has-most-beautiful-rocks-world-due-to-volcanic-action-millions-image175816833
https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/teacher-eaten-alive-
great-white-6543763
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

IS THIS TRUE OR A HOAX?
• Lack of historical evidence.
• No written or pictorial documents from that time in Philippine history.
• No documents from other countries mentioned the great Kalantiaw.
• No evidence that Philippine culture ever spawned such a barbaric set of laws.
• Lack of evidence of the Kalantiaw legend
• The Spaniards never recorded any Filipino legend about Kalantiaw.
• If they were aware of such a legend they had no reason to suppress it because those Spaniards
who were sympathetic to the Filipinos could have presented the mere existence of the Code as
proof that their ancestors were civilized.
• The writers didn't mention where they got the information.

• No written or pictorial documents from that time in
Philippine history.

• No documents from other countries mentioned the
great Kalantiaw.

• No evidence that Philippine culture ever spawned
such a barbaric set of laws.


• The Spaniards never recorded any Filipino legend
about Kalantiaw.

• If they were aware of such a legend they had no
reason to suppress it because those Spaniards who
were sympathetic to the Filipinos could have
presented the mere existence of the Code as proof
that their ancestors were civilized.
Readings
• Theinwriters
Philippine History
didn't mention where they got the information.
• The writers didn't mention where they got the
information.

THIS IS A HOAX!
• In 2004 the National Historical Institute (now the
National Historical Commission of the Philippines)
declared the Code of Kalantiaw to be a
hoax perpetrated in the early 20th century.

CONCLUSION
THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING!

RPH Group-1 Thinking-Historically FINAL

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RPH Group-1 Thinking-Historically FINAL

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Group 1

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

History have a broad range of inquiry, as it is concerned with wide

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

National Museum of the Philippines

Readings in Philippine History

National Museum of the Philippines

National Library of the Philippines

Readings in Philippine History

National Library of the Philippines

Readings in Philippine History

National Archives of the Philippines

Facebook | Philippine Star National Archives of the Philippines

Readings in Philippine History

National Archives of the Philippines

Readings in Philippine History

Restored Manuscript of Noli Me Tangere

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

• The supposed author is Datu Kalantiaw that

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History

• Jose E. Marco wrote about the code

Readings in Philippine History

• "Las Antiguas Leyendes de la Isla de

Readings in Philippine History

• Source is a priest named Jose Maria

Readings in Philippine History

• He transferred the location of the

Readings in Philippine History

• The code may have been related to

Readings in Philippine History

Readings in Philippine History