Vivekananda Institute of Technology & Science, Karimnagar: Electronics and Communication Engineering

Vivekananda Institute of Technology & Science, Karimnagar
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Bit Bank
Subject Name: Digital Image processing Subject Code: EC612PE
Class : III B.Tech. II Semester ECE Faculty Name: D.Ravikiran Babu
UNIT-1: Digital Image Fundamentals & Image Transforms
1. The amount of luminous flux falling on a given area of surface is called as ____________ [ ]
(a)Aperture (b) contrast (c)brightness (d)Illuminance
2. Digitization of spatial co-ordinates (x, y) is called [ ]
(a) gray level quantization (b)finite sampling (c)image sampling (d)image quantization
3. A 128X128 image with 64 gray levels requires ________bits of storage [ ]
(a) 4096 (b)8192 (c)12288 (d)98304
4. A good image is difficult to define because image quality [ ]
(a )high subjective ,weakly dependent (b)lowly subjective, weakly dependent
(c) high subjective, strongly dependent (d)lowly subjective, strongly dependent
5. For coordinates p(2, 3)the 4 neighbors of pixel p are [ ]
(a) (3,3) (2,3) (1,3) (1,3) (b) (3,3) (2,3) (1,1) (2,2) (c)(3,3)(2,4)(1,3)(2,2) (d)(3,3)(2,4)(1,3)(2,1)
6. The principal application areas of digital image processing is [ ]
a. Human Interpretations b. Autonomous machine perception c. both A and B d. none
7. Unsampling is a process of ____________the spatial resolution of the image [ ]
(a)decreasing (b)increasing (c)averaging (d)doubling
8. D4 distance is also called as _____distance [
]
(a)city block distance (b)chess board distance (c)Euclidean distance (d)mean distance
9. D8 distance is also called as [ ]
(a)city block distance (b)chess board distance (c)Euclidean distance (d)mean distance
10. To convert a continuous sensed data into Digital form, which of the following is required? [ ]
(a)Sampling (b)Quantization (c)Both Sampling & Quantization (d) Neither Sampling nor Quantization
11. For a continuous image f(x, y), how could be Sampling defined? [ ]
(a) Digitizing the coordinate values (b) Digitizing the amplitude values
(c) All of the mentioned (d) None of the mentioned
12. For a continuous image f(x, y) quantization is defined as [ ]
(a) Digitizing the coordinate values (b) Digitizing the amplitude values
13. The quality of a digital image is well determined by ___________ [ ]
(a) The number of samples (b) The discrete gray levels
14. What is the first and foremost step in Image Processing? [ ]
(a) Image restoration (b) Image enhancement (c) Image acquisition (d) Segmentation
15. In which step of processing, the images are subdivided successively into smaller regions? [ ]
(a) Image enhancement (b) Image acquisition (c) Segmentation (d) Wavelets
16. Image transforms are needed for [ ]
(a) Conversion information form spatial to frequency (b) spatial domain
(c) Time domain (d) both b & c
17. Image restoration is used to improve the ________image [ ]

(a) quantity (b) quality (c) blur (d) None
18. The Walsh and Hadamard transforms are ___________in nature [ ]
(a) Sinusoidal (b) Cosine (c) non-Sinusoidal (d) Cosine and Sine
19. The transform which possess the highest energy compaction property is [ ]
(a) Fourier transform (b) Walsh transform (c) Slant transform (d)KL transform
20. DFT stands for [ ]
a) Discrete Fourier Transform b) Digital frequency Transform
c) Digital Fourier Transform d) Discrete Frequency Transform
21. The purpose of Image compression is [ ]
a) to reduce Image data for storage and transmission
b) to increase the Image data for storage and transmission
c) to improve the quality of the image
d) None
22. The Power Spectrum of the Image is ________ [ ]
a. P ( u, v )  R (u, v )  I (u , v )
2 2
b. P (u, v )  R (u, v )  I (u, v )
2 2
c. P(u, v )  R (u, v )
2
d. None
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. An Image is a collection of individual points referred as …….……

2. A typical size comparable in quality to monochromatic TV image is of size……….
3. ….. ….. is the first and foremost step in Image Processing
4. …………… is the total amount of energy that flows from the light source, and it is usually measured in
watts (w).
5. For a continuous image f (x, y), Quantization is defined as…………………
6. In ………. type of slicing, highlighting a specific range of gray levels in an image often is desired
7. A continuous image is digitized at _______ points
8. The transition between continuous values of the image function and its digital equivalent is called
______________
9. The smallest discernible change in intensity level is called _____________
10. ………………. number of steps are involved in image processing
11. The expanded form of JPEG…….……….
12. _________________ property allows one to compute a two-dimensional DFT as two separate one dimensional
DFTs
13. Spatial shift will result in __________ shift
14. The Fourier transform of a Gaussian function is another __________
15. The Hadamard matrix of order n satisfies the orthogonality condition ___________
16. DCT is used in ___________standard
17. Haar function are ________________ functions
18. The transform does not change the _____________ present in the signal
19. A digital image is composed of finite number of elements called ____________
20. Images are a way of recording and presenting information in a _____________form
Unit_1: ANSWERS
Multiple choice questions
1. a Fill in the blanks

2. c
1. Pixel
3. d
2. 512x512
4. c
3. Image Acquisition
5. c
4. Radiance
6. c
5. Digitilizing the amplitude values
7. b
6. Grey level slicing
8. a
7. Sampling
9. b
8. Quantization
10. c
9. Contour
11. a
10. 10
12. b
11. Joint Photographic Experts Group
13. c
12. Separable property
14. c
13. Phase
15. d
14. Gaussian
16. a
15. Hn xHnT = nIn
17. b
16. JPEG
18. c
17. Non sinusoidal orthogonal functions
19. d
18. Information content
20. a
19. Pixels
21. a
20. Visual
22. a
1. One that is not the field of x-ray band
a. industry
b. astronomy
c. radar
d. medical diagnoses
View Answer Report Discuss Too Difficult!
2. A star in the constellation of Cygnus exploded about
a. 15050 years ago
b. 16000 years ago
c. 16050 years ago
d. 15000 years ago
3. Middle infrared light is used in
a. mineral mapping
b. soil moisture
c. water penetration
d. vegetation discrimination
4. Ultraviolet light is used in
a. law enforcement
b. radar
c. nuclear medicine
d. fluorescence microscopy
5. For marine acquisition the energy source consists usually of
a. five gun towed
b. four gun towed
c. three gun towed
d. two gun towed
6. Imaging in geological exploration, industry and medicine uses
a. audio
b. sound
c. sunlight
d. ultraviolet
7. Major application of contrast-enhancement radiography is
a. industry
b. astronomical observations
c. angipgraphy
d. lithography
8. The principle energy source for images
a. electrical spectrum
b. magnetic spectrum
c. electro spectrum
d. electro magnetic spectrum
9. The most energetic rays of EM energy spectrum
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. ultraviolet rays
d. visible rays
10. Which waves can penetrate through clouds
a. ultrasonic
b. radar
c. visible and infrared
d. gamma
11. Image enhancement and restoration are used to process
a. high resolution images
b. degraded images
c. high quality images
d. brighter images
12. The dominant application of microwave in image processing is
a. medicines
b. radar
c. lens enhancement
d. medical diagnoses
13. The transmission electron microscope works much like a
a. slide projector
b. side projector
c. dual projector
d. imaging projector
14. Microwave band is used in
a. industry
b. radar
c. medicine
d. lithography
15. Corn smut is particularly
a. useful
b. harmful
c. meaningful
d. damaging
16. Waves having longest wave length
a. x-rays
b. microwaves
c. gamma
d. radio waves
17. In medicine radio waves are used in
a. MRI
b. surgery
c. CT scan
d. injections

18. Fluorescence microscopy is an excellent for materials made of
a. chlorine
b. fluorine
c. fluoresce
d. copper
19. Which one is not the process of image processing
a. high level
b. low level
c. last level;
d. mid level
20. Which one is not the area of digital image processing
a. law enforcement
b. lithography
c. medicine
d. voice calling
21. A structured light illumination technique was used for
a. lens deformation
b. inverse filtering
c. lens enhancement
d. lens error
22. Tomography is the algorithm that uses images
a. edges
b. slices
c. boundaries
d. illumination
23. Cygnus loop is an example of
a. gamma rays
b. visible spectrum
c. x-rays
d. uv rays

24. Major use of gamma rays imaging includes
a. radar
b. astronomical observations
c. industry
d. lithography
25. Angiography uses what technique
a. image addition
b. image multiplication
c. image division
d. None of the above
26. Wavelength of thermal infrared ranges from
a. 10.4-12.5
b. 10.4-13.5
c. 11.4-12.5
d. 10.3-12.5
27. Which is not an example of image processing
a. thumb prints
b. paper currency
c. mp3
d. lisence plate detection
28. An image is a two dimensional function where x and y are
a. spatial coordinates
b. frequency coordinates
c. time coordinates
d. real coordinates
29. Electromagnetic visible spectrum ranges from
a. 400-700nm
b. 600-900nm
c. 400-700pm
d. 600-900pm
30. Early bartlane systems were capable of coding image in
a. two gray levels
b. three gray levels
c. four gray levels
d. five gray level
31. Lithography uses
a. ultraviolet
b. x-rays
c. gamma
d. visible rays
32. Visible red light is used in
a. soil moisture
b. mineral mapping
33. Which one is not the source of images?
a. mecatronic
b. acoustic
c. ultrasonic
d. electronic
34. Which color is having largest frequency in visible spectrum
a. blue
b. violet
c. green
d. red
35. Oldest source of EM radiations used for imaging
a. visible
b. gamma
c. x-rays
d. ultraviolet
36. Visible blue light is used in
a. soil moisture
b. mineral mapping
37. Weather observation and prediction is major application of
a. spectral imaging
b. multi spectral imaging
c. central imaging
d. bio imaging
38. Image subtraction is used for
a. color enhancement
b. frequency enhancement
c. spatial enhancement
d. detection
39. Computerized axial tomography uses
a. x-rays
b. gamma
c. microwaves
d. radio waves
40. Wavelength of near infrared ranges from
a. 0.76-1.90
b. 0.76-0.90
c. 0.36-0.90
d. 0.76-0.10
41. Wavelength of visible green ranges from

a. 0.52-0.70
b. 0.52-0.62
c. 0.53-0.60
d. 0.52-0.60
42. The major area of imaging in visual spectrum is in
a. automated visual inspection
b. auto visual inspection
c. visual inspection
d. automated inspection
43. Detecting anomalies is a major theme of
a. lithography
b. astronomy
c. industrial inspection
d. medicine inspection
44. Which is the image processing related fields
a. medicines
b. chemistry
c. neurobiology
d. chemicals
45. Manufactured goods often checked using
a. voice over IP
b. digital image processing
c. audio processing
d. video processing
46. Remote sensing is an application of
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. visible and infrared
d. ultraviolet

47. Which is the first fundamental step in image processing
a. filtration
b. image acquisition
c. image enhancement
d. image restoration
48. Which color is having largest wavelength in visible spectrum
a. red
b. blue
c. green
d. yellow
49. Fluorescing area shine against dark background to permit
a. detection
b. correction
c. inspection
d. enhancement
50. Which radio wave band having longest wavelength
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. radio waves
d. ultraviolet
51. The spatial coordinates of a digital image (x,y) are proportional to:
a. Position
b. Brightness
c. Contrast
d. Noise
52. Among the following image processing techniques which is fast, precise and flexible.
a. Optical
b. Digital
c. Electronic
d. Photographic

53. An image is considered to be a function of a(x,y), where a represents:
a. Height of image
b. Width of image
c. Amplitude of image
d. Resolution of image
54. The range of values spanned by the gray scale is called:
a. Dynamic range
b. Band range
c. Peak range
d. Resolution range
55. Which is a colour attribute that describes a pure colour?
a. Saturation
b. Hue
c. Brightness
d. Intensity
56. Which gives a measure of the degree to which a pure colour is diluted by white light?
a. Saturation
b. Hue
c. Intensity
d. Brightness
57. Which means the assigning meaning to a recognized object.
a. Interpretation
b. Recognition
c. Acquisition
d. Segmentation
58. A typical size comparable in quality to monochromatic TV image is of size.
a. 256 X 256
b. 512 X 512
c. 1920 X 1080
d. 1080 X 1080
59. The number of grey values are integer powers of:
a. 4
b. 2
c. 8
d. 1
60. What is the first and foremost step in Image Processing?
a. Image restoration
b. Image enhancement
c. Image acquisition
d. Segmentation
61. In which step of processing, the images are subdivided successively into smaller regions?
a. Image enhancement
b. Image acquisition
c. Segmentation
d. Wavelets
62. What is the next step in image processing after compression?
a. Wavelets
b. Segmentation
c. Representation and description
d. Morphological processing
63. What is the step that is performed before color image processing in image processing?
a. Wavelets and multi resolution processing
b. Image enhancement
c. Image restoration
d. Image acquisition
64. How many number of steps are involved in image processing?
a. 10
b. 9
c. 11
d. 12
65. What is the expanded form of JPEG?
a. Joint Photographic Expansion Group
b. Joint Photographic Experts Group
c. Joint Photographs Expansion Group
d. Joint Photographic Expanded Group
66. Which of the following step deals with tools for extracting image components those are useful in the representation and description of shape?
a. Segmentation
b. Representation & description
c. Compression
d. Morphological processing
67. In which step of the processing, assigning a label (e.g., “vehicle”) to an object based on its descriptors is done?
a. Object recognition
b. Morphological processing
c. Segmentation
d. Representation & description
68. What role does the segmentation play in image processing?
a. Deals with extracting attributes that result in some quantitative information of interest
b. Deals with techniques for reducing the storage required saving an image, or the bandwidth required transmitting it
c. Deals with partitioning an image into its constituent parts or objects
d. Deals with property in which images are subdivided successively into smaller regions
69. What is the correct sequence of steps in image processing?
a. Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Image restoration->Color image processing->Compression->Wavelets and multi resolution processing->Morphological
processing->Segmentation->Representation & description->Object recognition
b. Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Image restoration->Color image processing->Wavelets and multi resolution processing->Compression->Morphological
c. Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Color image processing->Image restoration->Wavelets and multi resolution processing->Compression->Morphological
d. Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Image restoration->Color image processing->Wavelets and multi resolution processing->Compression->Morphological
processing->Representation & description->Segmentation->Object recognition
1. Sensor strip mounted in a ring configuration is used in
a. microscopy
b. medical
c. industry
d. radar
2. 1024 x 1024 image has resolution of
a. 1048576
b. 1148576
c. 1248576
d. 1348576
3. The lens is made up of concentric layers of
a. strong cells
b. inner cells
c. fibrous cells
d. outer cells
4. Radio wave band encompasses
a. audio
b. AM
c. FM
d. Both b and c
5. L = 23 would have
a. 2 levels
b. 4 levels
c. 6 levels
d. 8 levels

6. The cornea is the tough transparent tissues that covers eye's
a. eye lid
b. lashes
c. anterior
d. exterior
7. Digital images are displayed as a discrete set of
a. values
b. numbers
c. frequencies
d. intensities
8. In MxN, M is no of
a. intensity levels
b. colors
c. rows
d. columns
9. Each element of the matrix is called
a. dots
b. coordinate
c. pixels
d. value
10. Imaging system produces
a. high resolution image
b. voltage signal
c. digitized image
d. analog signal
11. Digitizing the coordinate values is called
a. radiance
b. illuminance
c. sampling
d. quantization

12. The smallest element of an image is called
a. pixel
b. dot
c. coordinate
d. digits
13. Types of imaging sensors are
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
14. E = hv in this expression, h is called
a. speed of light
b. light constant
c. plank's constant
d. acceleration constant
15. The fovea itself is a circular indentation in the retina of about
a. 1.8mm
b. 1.5mm
c. 1.6mm
d. 1.7mm
16. Type of zooms are
a. 8
b. 6
c. 4
d. 2
17. DPI stands for
a. dots per image
b. dots per inches

c. dots per intensity
d. diameter per inches
18. Hard x-rays are used in
a. medicines
b. lithoscopy
c. industry
d. radar
19. No of bits to store image is denoted by the formula
a. b = NxK
b. b = MxN
c. b = MxNxK
d. b = MxK
20. MRI in imaging stands for
a. magnetic resonance imaging
b. magnetic resistance imaging
c. magnetic resonance intensity
d. major resonance imaging
21. Digitizing the amplitude values is called
a. radiance
b. illuminance
c. sampling
d. quantization
22. Process of using known to estimate unknown is called
a. interchange
b. interpolation
c. extrapolation
d. estimation
23. The choroid lies directly below the
a. eye lid
b. cornea
c. retina
d. sclera
24. Value of speed of light constant c
a. 2.998x10^8
b. 3.998x10^8
c. 4.998x10^8
d. 5.998x10^8
25. Black and white images have only
a. 2 levels
b. 3 levels
c. 4 levels
d. 5 levels
26. Gamma rays have largest
a. wavelength
b. frequency
c. energy
d. power
27. Part of the eye , that is not the membrane of the eye is
a. cornea
b. cells
c. retina
d. choroid
28. In MxN, N is no of
a. intensity levels
b. colors
c. rows
d. columns

29. One that is not the measuring substance of the image is
a. radiance
b. refraction
c. illumination
d. brightness
30. Discernible change in intensity level of image is
a. wide domain
b. spatial domain
c. frequency domain
d. algebraic domain
31. Black and white pixels of image are represented in matrix as
a. 1 and 2
b. 0 and 1
c. 0 and 2
d. 0 and -1
32. Image sensor produces
a. voltage waveform
b. current waveform
c. audio
d. discrete signals
33. Mechanical digitizers are referred to
a. densitometer
b. micrometer
c. microdensity
d. microdensitometer
34. Cone vision is called
a. photopic
b. photogenic
c. photograph
d. protoplasm

35. Digitizing the image requires
a. reflection
b. sampling
c. quantization
d. Both b and c
36. A matrix is denoted by
a. M.N
b. MxN
c. M+N
d. MN
37. Changing the overall sensitivity of the image is called
a. illumination
b. brightness
c. brightness adaption
d. illumination adaption
38. Image linear interpolation is given by the formula
a. v(x,y) = ax+by+cxy+d
b. v(x,y) = ax+by+cxy
c. v(x,y) = ax+by+d
d. v(x,y) = by+cxy+d
39. One that is not the type of image sensor is
a. single sensor
b. line sensor
c. matrix sensor
d. array sensor
40. X-rays pass through the patient's body for generating diagnostic
a. x-ray film
b. rays
c. images
d. reel
41. Value of plank's constant h is
a. 9.55x10-34
b. 8.55x10-34
c. 7.55x10-34
d. 6.55x10-34
42. Digital image processing is build on mathematical and
a. probabilistic formulations
b. additional formulations
c. probabilistic addition
d. probabilistic subtraction
43. The lens has a fixed
a. focal length
b. width
c. length
d. focal width
44. Functions that combines to produce Æ’(x,y)
a. illumination and frequency
b. intensity and reflectance
c. illumination and radiance
d. illumination and reflectance
45. The innermost membrane of the eye is
a. eye lid
b. cornea
c. retina
d. sclera
46. Radio waves have largest
a. wavelength
b. frequency
c. energy
d. power
47. Matrix is made up of
a. rows
b. column
c. values
d. Both a and b
48. Discernible small details of image is
a. wide domain
b. spatial domain
c. frequency domain
d. algebraic domain
49. To convert a continuous sensed data into Digital form, which of the following is required?
a. Sampling
b. Quantization
c. Both Sampling and Quantization
d. Neither Sampling nor Quantization
50. To convert a continuous image f(x, y) to digital form, we have to sample the function in __________
a. Coordinates
b. Amplitude
c. All of the mentioned
d. None of the mentioned
51. For a continuous image f(x, y), how could be Sampling defined?
a. Digitizing the coordinate values
b. Digitizing the amplitude values
52. For a continuous image f(x, y), Quantization is defined as

a. Digitizing the coordinate values
b. Digitizing the amplitude values
53. Validate the statement:
“For a given image in one-dimension given by function f(x, y), to sample the function we take equally spaced samples, superimposed on the function, along a
horizontal line. However, the sample values still span (vertically) a continuous range of gray-level values. So, to convert the given function into a digital function,
the gray-level values must be divided into various discrete levels.”
a. True
b. False
c. May be
d. Can't Say
54. How is sampling been done when an image is generated by a single sensing element combined with mechanical motion?
a. The number of sensors in the strip defines the sampling limitations in one direction and Mechanical motion in the other direction.
b. The number of sensors in the sensing array establishes the limits of sampling in both directions.
c. The number of mechanical increments when the sensor is activated to collect data.
d. None of the mentioned.
55. How does sampling gets accomplished with a sensing strip being used for image acquisition?
a. The number of sensors in the strip establishes the sampling limitations in one image direction and Mechanical motion in the other direction
b. The number of sensors in the sensing array establishes the limits of sampling in both directions
c. The number of mechanical increments when the sensor is activated to collect data
56. How is sampling accomplished when a sensing array is used for image acquisition?
a. The number of sensors in the strip establishes the sampling limitations in one image direction and Mechanical motion in the other direction
b. The number of sensors in the sensing array defines the limits of sampling in both directions
c. The number of mechanical increments at which we activate the sensor to collect data
57. The quality of a digital image is well determined by ___________
a. The number of samples
b. The discrete gray levels

58. Assume that an image f(x, y) is sampled so that the result has M rows and N columns. If the values of the coordinates at the origin are (x, y) = (0, 0), then the
notation (0, 1) is used to signify :
a. Second sample along first row
b. First sample along second row
c. First sample along first row
d. Second sample along second row
59. The resulting image of sampling and quantization is considered a matrix of real numbers. By what name(s) the element of this matrix array is called __________
a. Image element or Picture element
b. Pixel or Pel
60. Let Z be the set of real integers and R the set of real numbers. The sampling process may be viewed as partitioning the x-y plane into a grid, with the central
coordinates of each grid being from the Cartesian product Z2, that is a set of all ordered pairs (zi, zj), with zi and zj being integers from Z. Then, f(x, y) is said a
digital image if:
a. (x, y) are integers from Z2 and f is a function that assigns a gray-level value (from Z) to each distinct pair of coordinates (x, y)
b. (x, y) are integers from R2 and f is a function that assigns a gray-level value (from R) to each distinct pair of coordinates (x, y)
c. (x, y) are integers from R2 and f is a function that assigns a gray-level value (from Z) to each distinct pair of coordinates (x, y)
d. (x, y) are integers from Z2 and f is a function that assigns a gray-level value (from R) to each distinct pair of coordinates (x, y)
61. Let Z be the set of real integers and R the set of real numbers. The sampling process may be viewed as partitioning the x-y plane into a grid, with the central
coordinates of each grid being from the Cartesian product Z2, that is a set of all ordered pairs (zi, zj), with zi and zj being integers from Z. Then, f(x, y) is a digital
image if (x, y) are integers from Z2 and f is a function that assigns a gray-level value (that is, a real number from the set R) to each distinct coordinate pair (x, y).
What happens to the digital image if the gray levels also are integers?
a. The Digital image then becomes a 2-D function whose coordinates and amplitude values are integers
b. The Digital image then becomes a 1-D function whose coordinates and amplitude values are integers
c. The gray level can never be integer
62. The digitization process i.e. the digital image has M rows and N columns, requires decisions about values for M, N, and for the number, L, of gray levels allowed
for each pixel. The value M and N have to be:
a. M and N have to be positive integer
b. M and N have to be negative integer
c. M have to be negative and N have to be positive integer
d. M have to be positive and N have to be negative integer
63. The digitization process i.e. the digital image has M rows and N columns, requires decisions about values for M, N, and for the number, L, of max gray levels.
There are no requirements on M and N, other than that M and N have to be positive integer. However, the number of gray levels typically is
a. An integer power of 2 i.e. L = 2k
b. A Real power of 2 i.e. L = 2k
c. Two times the integer value i.e. L = 2k

64. The digitization process i.e. the digital image has M rows and N columns, requires decisions about values for M, N, and for the number, L, of max gray levels is
an integer power of 2 i.e. L = 2k, allowed for each pixel. If we assume that the discrete levels are equally spaced and that they are integers then they are in the
interval __________ and Sometimes the range of values spanned by the gray scale is called the ________ of an image.
a. [0, L – 1] and static range respectively
b. [0, L / 2] and dynamic range respectively
c. [0, L / 2] and static range respectively
d. [0, L – 1] and dynamic range respectively
65. After digitization process a digital image with M rows and N columns have to be positive and for the number, L, max gray levels i.e. an integer power of 2 for
each pixel. Then, the number b, of bits required to store a digitized image is:
a. b=M*N*k
b. b=M*N*L
c. b=M*L*k
d. b=L*N*k
66. An image whose gray-levels span a significant portion of gray scale have __________ dynamic range while an image with dull, washed out gray look have
__________ dynamic range.
a. Low and High respectively
b. High and Low respectively
c. Both have High dynamic range, irrespective of gray levels span significance on gray scale
d. Both have Low dynamic range, irrespective of gray levels span significance on gray scale
67. Validate the statement “When in an Image an appreciable number of pixels exhibit high dynamic range, the image will have high contrast.”
a. True
b. False
c. May be
d. Can't Say
68. In digital image of M rows and N columns and L discrete gray levels, calculate the bits required to store a digitized image for M=N=32 and L=16.
a. 16384
b. 4096
c. 8192
d. 512

69. A continuous image is digitised at _______ points.
a. random
b. vertex
c. contour
d. sampling
70. The transition between continuous values of the image function and its digital equivalent is called ______________
a. Quantisation
b. Sampling
c. Rasterisation
d. None of the Mentioned
71. Images quantised with insufficient brightness levels will lead to the occurrence of ____________
a. Pixillation
b. Blurring
c. False Contours
72. The smallest discernible change in intensity level is called ____________
a. Intensity Resolution
b. Contour
c. Saturation
d. Contrast
73. What is the tool used in tasks such as zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc.?
a. Sampling
b. Interpolation
c. Filters
74. The type of Interpolation where for each new location the intensity of the immediate pixel is assigned is ___________
a. bicubic interpolation
b. cubic interpolation
c. bilinear interpolation
d. nearest neighbour interpolation

75. The type of Interpolation where the intensity of the FOUR neighbouring pixels is used to obtain intensity a new location is called ___________
a. cubic interpolation
b. nearest neighbour interpolation
c. bilinear interpolation
d. bicubic interpolation
76. Dynamic range of imaging system is a ratio where the upper limit is determined by
a. Saturation
b. Noise
c. Brightness
d. Contrast
77. For Dynamic range ratio the lower limit is determined by
a. Saturation
b. Brightness
c. Noise
d. Contrast
78. Quantitatively, spatial resolution cannot be represented in which of the following ways
a. line pairs
b. pixels
c. dots
d. none of the Mentioned
79. The most familiar single sensor used for Image Acquisition is
a. Microdensitometer
b. Photodiode
c. CMOS
80. A geometry consisting of in-line arrangement of sensors for image acquisition
a. A photodiode
b. Sensor strips
c. Sensor arrays
d. CMOS
81. CAT in imaging stands for
a. Computer Aided Telegraphy
b. Computer Aided Tomography
c. Computerised Axial Telegraphy
d. Computerised Axial Tomography
82. The section of the real plane spanned by the coordinates of an image is called the _____________
a. Spacial Domain
b. Coordinate Axes
c. Plane of Symmetry
83. The difference is intensity between the highest and the lowest intensity levels in an image is ___________
a. Noise
b. Saturation
c. Contrast
d. Brightness
84. _____________ is the effect caused by the use of an insufficient number of intensity levels in smooth areas of a digital image.
a. Gaussian smooth
b. Contouring
c. False Contouring
d. Interpolation
85. The process of using known data to estimate values at unknown locations is called
a. Acquisition
b. Interpolation
c. Pixelation
86. Which of the following is NOT an application of Image Multiplication?
a. Shading Correction
b. Masking
c. Pixelation
d. Region of Interest operations
87. The procedure done on a digital image to alter the values of its individual pixels is
a. Neighbourhood Operations
b. Image Registration
c. Geometric Spacial Transformation
d. Single Pixel Operation
88. In Geometric Spacial Transformation, points whose locations are known precisely in input and reference images.
a. Tie points
b. Reseau points
c. Known points
d. Key-points
89. Of the following, _________ has the maximum frequency.
a. UV Rays
b. Gamma Rays
c. Microwaves
d. Radio Waves
90. How is array operation carried out involving one or more images?
a. array by array
b. pixel by pixel
c. column by column
d. row by row
91. The property indicating that the output of a linear operation due to the sum of two inputs is same as performing the operation on the inputs individually and then
summing the results is called ___________
a. additivity
b. heterogeneity
c. homogeneity

92. The property indicating that the output of a linear operation to a constant times as input is the same as the output of operation due to original input multiplied by
that constant is called _________
a. additivity
b. heterogeneity
c. homogeneity
93. Enhancement of differences between images is based on the principle of ____________
a. Additivity
b. Homogeneity
c. Subtraction
94. A commercial use of Image Subtraction is ___________
a. Mask mode radiography
b. MRI scan
c. CT scan
95. Region of Interest (ROI) operations is commonly called as ___________
a. Shading correction
b. Masking
c. Dilation
96. If every element of a set A is also an element of a set B, then A is said to be a _________ of set B.
a. Disjoint set
b. Union
c. Subset
d. Complement set
97. Consider two regions A and B composed of foreground pixels. The ________ of these two sets is the set of elements belonging to set A or set B or both.
a. OR
b. AND
c. NOT
d. XOR
98. Imaging systems having physical artefacts embedded in the imaging sensors produce a set of points called __________
a. Tie Points
b. Control Points
c. Reseau Marks
99. Image processing approaches operating directly on pixels of input image work directly in ____________
a. Transform domain
b. Spatial domain
c. Inverse transformation

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Vivekananda Institute of Technology & Science, Karimnagar

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Class : III B.Tech. II Semester ECE Faculty Name: D.Ravikiran Babu

UNIT-1: Digital Image Fundamentals & Image Transforms

17. Image restoration is used to improve the ________image [ ]

1. An Image is a collection of individual points referred as …….……

Multiple choice questions

1. a Fill in the blanks

View Answer Report Discuss Too Difficult!

2. A star in the constellation of Cygnus exploded about

a. 15050 years ago

b. 16000 years ago

c. 16050 years ago

d. 15000 years ago

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3. Middle infrared light is used in

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4. Ultraviolet light is used in

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5. For marine acquisition the energy source consists usually of

a. five gun towed

b. four gun towed

c. three gun towed

d. two gun towed

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6. Imaging in geological exploration, industry and medicine uses

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7. Major application of contrast-enhancement radiography is

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8. The principle energy source for images

d. electro magnetic spectrum

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9. The most energetic rays of EM energy spectrum

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10. Which waves can penetrate through clouds

c. visible and infrared

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11. Image enhancement and restoration are used to process

a. high resolution images

c. high quality images

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12. The dominant application of microwave in image processing is

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13. The transmission electron microscope works much like a

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14. Microwave band is used in

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15. Corn smut is particularly

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16. Waves having longest wave length

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17. In medicine radio waves are used in

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19. Which one is not the process of image processing

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20. Which one is not the area of digital image processing

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21. A structured light illumination technique was used for

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22. Tomography is the algorithm that uses images

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23. Cygnus loop is an example of