11

Understanding
Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Forms and Functions
of Social Organization
Subject Area – 11/12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 6: Forms and Functions of Social Organizations
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module

Writers: Adelina A. Bolano
Editors: Marya Legaspina, Kenneth Robert Naval
Reviewers: Fredgie Pasco / Fernie Cabanalan
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Layout Artist: Edward Ryan Gulam / Maylene Grigana
Cover Art Designer: Ian Caesar E. Frondoza
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
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Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Johnny Sumugat - REPS – Subject Area Supervisor
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Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal
Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: region12@deped.gov.ph
 11

Understanding
Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Forms and Functions of Social
Organization
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Self-Learning Module

(SLM) on Forms and Functions of Social Organization!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Self-Learning Module

(SLM) on Forms and Functions of Social Organization!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Forms and Functions of Social Organization. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

Lesson 1- Concepts of Social Group and Social Organization
Lesson 2- Characteristics of Social Group
Lesson 3- Types of Social Group/Organization

After going through this module, you are expected to:

▪ Define the different concepts of social group and social organization

▪ Explain the characteristics of social group
▪ Enumerate and describe the different forms of social groups

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 What I Know

Hello. Congratulation for a job well done in the previous module. Let us continue our
learning journey in this module. Are you ready?

One of the most common fears or phobia for most people is the fear of being alone.
Even loners need company. It is hard to imagine life without any kind of group
involvement.

Even during pre-historic times, man had learned to live with other human beings in
groups. Man discovered that group life is necessary not only for his survival but also
for the preservation of the human species.

Before we proceed to our lesson proper let us check first your prior knowledge about
this lesson by answering the following questions below. Rest assured that your scores
for this test will not be recorded, but this serves as basis for the teacher to determine
your prior knowledge about the topic.

A. Direction: Read and understand the question below. Choose and encircle the
letter of correct answer.

1. It is a set of individuals who identify and interact with one another in a

structured way based on shared values and beliefs.
A. Social group C. Group
B. Social organization D. Social status

2. Which of the following refers to a type of collectivity established for the pursuit
of the specific aims or goals, characterized by a formal structure of rules,
authority relations, a division of labor and limited membership.
A. Social group C. Social status
B. Social role D. Social organization

3. A ________ is a collection of rights and duties that goes with a position in a

group.
A. Social status C. Ascribed status
B. Social role D. Achieved status

4. Which is NOT a characteristic of groups?

A. Patterned ways of doing things
B. Absence of interaction between members
C. Guided by the standards, rules and regulations
D. There is a sense of belongingness that sets them apart from the others

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 5. The group that you are not a part of is called:
A. In-group C. reference group
B. Out-group D. informal group

B. Direction. Identify the term or concept referred to in each statement. Write the
letter of the correct answer on the blank before each number. Choose your
answer from the given list below.

a. Reference group f. Primary groups

b. Special interest groups g. Task groups
c. Gesselschaft h. Bureaucracy
d. Pressure groups i. Gemeinschaft
e. Formal Groups j. Informal groups

______1. Groups which are organized to meet certain inclinations.

______2. A community of intimate, exclusive living, and familism.

______3. Groups assigned to accomplished certain jobs.

______4. Small, intimate, personal, continuous face-to-face relationships.

______5. Also known as a psychological group.

______6. A community of impersonal, businesslike, and secondary relationships.

______7. Groups deliberately formed with special rules on membership.

______8. Groups organized to support or influence social actions.

______9. Groups spontaneously created out of the interactions of people.

_____10. Large-scale formal organization with administrative structure.

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 Lesson
Concept of Social Group and
1 Social Organization

What’s In

In the previous module you have learned the context, content, processes, and
consequences of socialization. Now, let us use what you have learned to start our
new lesson.
Write on the space provided below your idea/s on the statement “No Man is
an Island”

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Notes to the Teacher

Let the learners relate the content to their real life.
For the activities, they may use extra sheet of paper for their
answers.

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 What’s New

On the box below list the different things you have at this moment (e.g. timepiece,
clothes, jewelry,shoes, wallet, etc.)

Questions:

1. Who are the people instrumental in producing said things?

___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.

2. Are they important to you? Why?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
____________________

What is It

Concepts of Social Group and Social Organization

Homans (1950) defines a group as collection of two or more persons who are
in social interaction, who are guided by similar norms, values, and expectations, and
who maintain a stable pattern of relations over a period of time.

Donald Light (1984) defines a group as set of individuals who identify and
interact with one another in a structured way based on shared values and goals.

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 Social group is a unit of interacting personalities with interdependence of
roles and statuses existing between and among themselves. It is a collection of people
who interact with each other in accordance with the position they occupy in the
society.

On the other hand, social organization refers to a type of collectivity

established for the pursuit of the specific aims or goals, characterized by a formal
structure of rules, authority relations, a division of labor and limited membership or
admission (Jarry, D. 1995).

Fundamentally, society with a group of individuals called a social group. A

social group exists when at least two people are in contact and commonly stimulating
and reacting with each other through language both verbal and non-verbal. This
shared between inter-stimulation and reaction between at least two people and
groups is referred to as social interaction.

When interaction persists often enough, a pattern of a social relation exists

which is reciprocal in nature that is, the behavior of the interactants derives its
meaning from his relation to the other person or persons involved. Examples of social
relations are husband and wife, mother and daughter, teacher and students,
employer and employee, and so on.
This reciprocal social relation also results to the development of social status
and a corresponding social role. A social status is a collection of rights and duties
that goes with a position in a group. A status may be ascribed or achieved. An
ascribed status is the status by virtue of one’s birth. He does not have a choice or
decision on the matter such as his sex, age, gender, kinship, religion or nationality
at birth.

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 An achieved status, on the other hand, is where an individual may acquire
by virtue of his own efforts, use of intelligence and skills, choice, or through some
stroke of good fortune. This can be through marriage, occupation, profession,
education, financial acumen, industry or lotto winning .

The pattern of behavior that accompanies a status is a social role. Every

person inhabits a number of statuses and plays the corresponding varied roles at
different stages of his life and to the different social groups to which he belongs and
depending upon which social relationship is effect at any particular time. Example a
child can play the role of son or daughter in a father-son or father-daughter
relationship in the family at home or play the role of a student in a teacher-student
relationship in his or her school group. Later on, when he or she is matured enough
he can play the role of husband or wife in a husband-wife relationship or play the
role of an employee in an employer-employee relationship in his or her workplace.

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Activity 1: My Family

Fill in the table below. List down the name of the members of your
household and identify their social status and social role in your family.

Family Member Social Status Social Role

Good job! You have finished the activities above. Now, let us continue our lesson.

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 Lesson Characteristics
2
of Social Group

Characteristics of Social Group

The basis of grouping can be numerous, but the division of the population
based on their age, sex, income and profession can provide various types of social
groups.

The 12 Most Important Characteristics of Social Group is listed below:

1. Given number of Individual

A social group consists of a given number of individuals. Without a number of

individuals, no social group can be formed. Two or more than that individual are
necessary to form a group. This number may vary. These individuals belong to the
group as members of the group and are considered as unit of the group.

2. Reciprocal Relations
There exist reciprocal relations among the members of a social group. These
reciprocal relations among the members are the basis or foundation of social group
without which social group cannot be formed. The members must interact or inter-
related with each other.

3.Common Goals

It is another important characteristic of a social group. The aims, objectives

and ideals of the members are common. For the fulfilment of these common goals
social groups are formed. Here individual interests are sacrificed for group
interests.

4. Sense of unity and solidarity

Members of a social group are always tied by a sense of unity and bond of
solidarity, common goals and mutual relations strengthens this bond of unity and
solidarity. This creates loyalty and sympathy among the members of social group.

5. A strong sense of awe-feeling

Members of a social group is characterized by a strong sense of awe-feeling.

This we- feeling fosters co-operation among members. Because of this we- feeling the
members identify themselves with the group and consider others as outsiders.

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6. Group Norms
Every social group has its own, regulations and norms which the members
are supposed to follow. With the help of these rules and norms the group exercises
control over its members. These norms may be written or unwritten. Any violation of
group norms is followed by punishment. The group norms maintain unity and
integrity in the group.

7. Similar Behavior

Members of a social group show similar behavior. As the interests, ideals and
values of a group are common hence its members behave in a similar manner. This
similar behavior helps in the achievement of common goals.

8. Awareness
Members of a social group are aware about the membership which
distinguishes them from others. This is perhaps due to ‘the consciousness of kind’
as opined by Giddings.

9. Group Control:
Social group exercises some sort of control over its members and over their
activities. This control may be direct or indirect. Of course, group exercises control
only over non-conformists or deviants.

10. Social groups may be permanent or temporary in nature. There are permanent
groups likes family and temporary groups like crowd, mob etc.

11. Social groups are dynamic in nature. It is not static. It responds to different
changes. The nature of change may be slow or rapid but it is bound to occur.

12. Social groups have established patterns.

Activity 2- GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

Instruction: Fill the graphic organizer below and answer the process question.
Characteristics of Social Group

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Processing Questions:

1. What are the characteristics of Social Group?

2. Why do we need to identify different characteristics of Social Group?
3. Why Social groups are dynamic?

Lesson
Types of Social Group /
3 Organizations

TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS

1. According to Social Ties
a. Primary Group
• The most fundamental unit of human society
• A long and lasting group whose members have intimate, personal
continuous face-to-face relationships.
• Characterized by strong ties of love and affection.
• The do’s and don’ts of behavior are learned here.

Examples: families, gangs, cliques, play groups, friendship groups

b. Secondary Groups
• Groups with which the individual comes in contact later in life.
• Characterized by impersonal, business-like, contractual, formal and
casual relationship.
• Usually large in size, not very enduring and with limited relationships.
• People need other people for the satisfaction of their complex needs.

Examples: industrial workers, business associates, faculty staff, company

employees

2. According to Self-identification
a. In-group
• A social unit in which individuals feel home and with which they
identify.

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 b. Out-group
• A social unit to which individuals do not belong due to differences
in certain social categories and with which they do not identify.
c. Reference group or psychological group
• Groups to which we consciously or unconsciously refer when we try
to evaluate our own life situations and behavior, but to which we do
not necessarily belong.
• It serves a comparison function.
• It has a normative function.

3. According to Purpose

a. Special interest groups

• Groups which are organized to meet the special interest of the
member
b. Task Group
• Group assigned to accomplish jobs which cannot be done by one
person.
c. Influence or pressure groups.
• Group organized to support or influence social actions

4. According to geographical location and degree or quality relationship

a. Gemeinschaft
• A social system in which most relationship is personal or traditional.
• It is a community of intimate, private and exclusive living and
familism.
• Culture is homogenous and traditional.
b. Gesselschaft
• A social system in which most relationships are impersonal, formal,
contractual or bargain-like.
• Relationship is individualistic, business-like, secondary and
rationalized.
• Culture is heterogenous and more advanced.
5. According to form of organization
a. Formal groups
• Social organization
• Deliberately formed, and their purpose and objectives are explicitly
defined.
• Their goals are clearly stated and the division of labor is based on
member’s ability or merit.
• Have a certain type of administrative structure called
“bureaucracy”.

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 Bureaucracy
• A hierarchical arrangement in large-scale formal organizations in
which parts of the organization are ordered in the manner of a
pyramid based on a division of function and authority. (Weber, M.
1965)
• Formal, rationally organized social structure.

Weber (1965) identified the following characteristics in a bureaucracy:

1. Positions and offices are clearly defined.
2. The hierarchical arrangements of authority, rights and obligations are
specifically drawn and clear-cut.
3. The personnel are selected on the basis of technical or professional
qualification and expert training and competence through competitive
examination.
4. Definite rules govern official behavior.
5. Security of tenure and the pursuit of a career with promotion in the hierarchy
are assured.

b. Informal groups.
• Arises spontaneously out of the interactions of two or more persons.
• It is unplanned
• Has no explicit rules for membership, and does not have specific
objectives to be attained.
• It has the characteristics of primary groups and members are bound
by emotions and sentiments.

What’s More

Activity 3. LIST ME ONE MORE TIME!

Study the community where you come from. List in your journal notebook
the different social organizations (e.g. political, religious, social, civic, hobby
and interest group, etc.), their nature, membership, characteristics, and
goals.

Social Nature Membership Characteristics Goals

Organization

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 What I Have Learned

In this section let us summarized what you have learned from our lesson.

Activity 4- FILL ME IN!

A. Fill in the blanks of the correct word/s that will make each statement
correct.

In this lesson I have learned: that 1.) _________________ is a set of individuals

who identify and interact with one another in a structured way; 2) _______________
refers to a type of collectivity established for the pursuit of the specific aims or goals.
A 3) ______________ is a collection of rights and duties that goes with a position in a
group. A status may be 4)________________ or 5) __________________.

B. What are the different types of social groups?

1. ________________________________
a. _____________________________
b. _____________________________

2. ________________________________
a. _____________________________
b. _____________________________
c. _____________________________

3. ________________________________
a. _____________________________
b. _____________________________

4. ________________________________
a. _____________________________
b. _____________________________
c. _____________________________

5. ________________________________
a. _____________________________
b. _____________________________

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 What I Can Do

Direction: Answer completely the following items below. Please be reminded that you
can answer the questions in Filipino if you feel it difficult to answer them in English.

1. In what type of social group do you belong? Why do you say so?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
2. How can you help as a member of social group in response to the problem we
are facing right now which is the Covid19 pandemic?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________

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 Assessment

A. Direction: Read and understand the question below. Choose and encircle the
letter of correct answer.

1. It is a set of individuals who identify and interact with one another in a

structured way based on shared values and beliefs.
A. Social group C. Group
B. Social organization D. Social status

2.Which of the following refers to a type of collectivity established for the pursuit
of the specific aims or goals, characterized by a formal structure of rules,
authority relations, a division of labor and limited membership
A. Social group C. Social status
B. Social role D. Social organization
3.A ________ is a collection of rights and duties that goes with a position in a
group.
A. Social status C. Ascribed status
B. Social role D. Achieved status

4.Which is NOT a characteristic of groups?

A. Patterned ways of doing things

B. Absence of interaction between members
C. Guided by the standards, rules and regulations
D. There is a sense of belongingness that sets them apart from the others

5.The group that you are not a part of is called:

A. In-group C. reference group

B. Out-group D. informal group

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B. Direction. Match the concepts in Column A with the correct answer in Column
B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

______1. Groups which are organized to a. Reference group

meet certain inclinations.
______2. A community of intimate, exclusive b. Special interest groups
living, and familism.
______3. Groups assigned to accomplished c. Gesselschaft
certain jobs.
______4. Small, intimate, personal, continuous d. Pressure groups
face-to-face relationships.
______5. Also known as a psychological group. e. Formal groups
______6. A community of impersonal, businesslike,
and secondary relationships. f. Primary group
______7. Groups deliberately formed with special
rules on membership. g. Task groups
______8. Groups organized to support or
influence social actions. h. Bureaucracy
______9. Groups spontaneously created out of
the interactions of people. i. Gemeinschaft
_____10. Large-scale formal organization with
administrative structure. j. Informal groups

Additional Activities

Congratulations! You are about to finish this module. But before that, you need to
accomplish the last activity below. Again, you can answer it in Filipino if you find it
difficult to answer in English.
How social interaction is affected by the Covid19 pandemic?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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 22
WHAT I KNOW WHAT I HAVE
LEARNED Assessment
A. Multiple Choice A. 1. Group A. Multiple Choice
1. C 2. social organization 1. C
3. social status 2. D
2. D 4. ascribed
3. A
5. achieved
3. A 4. B
B.
5. B
4. B 1.) According to social
ties
5. B B. Matching Type
a. Primary group
1. b
B. Identification b. Secondary groups 2. i
2.) According to Self- 3. g
1. b
identification 4. f
2. i a. In-group 5. a
b. Out-group 6. c
3. g c. Reference group 7. e
4. f 3.) According to 8. d
geographical 9. j
5. a location and 10. h
6. c degree
a. Gemeinschaft
7. e b. Gesellschafts
8. d 4.) According to
purpose
9. j
a. Special interest
10. h group
b. Task group
c. Influence group
5.) According to forms
of organization
a. Formal
b. Informal
Answer Key
References

San Juan, W. and Centeno, M.L. (2017). Understanding Culture, Society and
Politics.Books atbp.Publishing Corp.Mandaluyong City

Websites:

✓ https://www.slideshare.net/Kimjoonmyeon21/social-groups-and-social-
organiza

✓ https://www.preservearticles.com/sociology/characteristics-of-social-group-in-
sociology/1904

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN with
the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents
of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies
(MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all learners of Region XII
in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development
was observed in the production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly
encourage feedback, comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

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