[12:08 pm] Dr.

Aqueeda Khan
Trafficking in persons, also called human trafficking, is a crime and a human rights abuse.
The three most common forms of trafficking in persons (TIP) that DoD personnel may
encounter are:

 Sex trafficking
 Labor trafficking (also called forced labor)
 Child soldiering
The Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000 defined “severe forms of trafficking
in persons” in 22 U.S.C. 7102 (11) as: 

A.  Sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in
which a person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; OR
B.  The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or
services, using force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose

 Sex trafficking means the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, obtaining,

patronizing, or soliciting of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act. -22
U.S.C. 7102 (12)
 The term “commercial sex act” means any sex act on account of which anything of
value is given to or received by any person. - 22 U.S.C. 7102 (3)  
 Labor trafficking includes involuntary servitude; peonage; debt bondage; and slavery.

[12:08 pm] Dr. Aqueeda Khan

The term child soldier is defined in the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008

as:  

 Any person under 18 years of age who takes direct part in hostilities as a member of
governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces;
 Any person under 18 years of age who has been compulsorily recruited into
governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces;  
 Any person under 15 years of age who has been voluntarily recruited into
governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces; or
 Any person under 18 years of age who has been recruited or used in hostilities by
armed forces distinct from the armed forces of a state.
Child soldiers are forced to fight but also used as: cooks, porters, messengers, medics, guards,
spies, and sex slaves.
[12:08 pm] Dr. Aqueeda Khan

[12:09 pm] Dr. Aqueeda Khan

[DRAFT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS (PREVENTION, CARE AND REHABILITATION) BILL 2021 (1).pdf]
(https://amityedu96491.sharepoint.com/sites/LAW614IPTL2021/Shared
Documents/General/DRAFT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS (PREVENTION, CARE AND
REHABILITATION) BILL 2021 (1).pdf)

[12:09 pm] Dr. Aqueeda Khan

Human Trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of

people through force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them for profit.
Men, women and children of all ages and from all backgrounds can become victims of
this crime, which occurs in every region of the world. The traffickers often use violence or
fraudulent employment agencies and fake promises of education and job opportunities
to trick and coerce their victims.

[12:10 pm] Dr. Aqueeda Khan

[12:10 pm] Dr. Aqueeda Khan
[12:11 pm] Dr. Aqueeda Khan
Trafficking in persons is a crime in international law. Article 3(a) of the Protocol to Prevent,
Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children provides the sole
internationally accepted definition of trafficking in persons:
Trafficking in Persons shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of
persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of
deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of
payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the
purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include at a minimum the exploitation of prostitution of
others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to
slavery, servitude or the removal of human organs.
OHCHR | Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons

[12:11 pm] Dr. Aqueeda Khan