​ SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

PRELIMINARY PROJECT REPORT ON

“​Road Condition Monitoring with Grading

System ​”
SUBMITTED TOWARDS THE
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (Computer Engineering)

BY

Saurabh Jadhav Exam No: 71718274G

Saurabh Zingade Exam No: 71718518E

Tanvesh Takawale Exam No: 71718486C

Veermahesh Dhaninnkula Exam No: 71718216K

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Pravin Nimbalkar

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

JSPM’s Imperial College of Engineering & Research

Accredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC

Wagholi, Pune 412207

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 JSPM’s Imperial College of Engineering & Research
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to that the Project Entitled

“​Road Condition Monitoring with grading system​”

Submitted by

Saurabh Jadhav Exam No: 71718274G

Saurabh Zingade Exam No: 71718518E

Tanvesh Takawale Exam No: 71718486C

Veermahesh Dhaninnkula Exam No: 71718216K

is a bonafide work carried out by Students under the supervision of Prof. H.U. Joshi and it is submitted
towards the partial fulfilment of the requirement of Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Engineering)
Project.

Prof. Pravin Nimbalkar Dr. Satish.Todmal

Internal Guide H.O.D
Department of Computer Engineering Department of Computer Engineering

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 Abstract

Every day more than 4 million people in India drive two-wheelers. Most of them
who drive it are either rushing to the workplace, making deliveries etc. More than 20%
of the people who drive two-wheelers in the age group of 20-34 years have reported
having back pain mostly due to the bad road conditions that they face almost every day.
Our proposed system uses accelerometer, gyroscope and pressure sensors to detect
the condition of the road and classify it according to the intensity of how bad the road
condition is currently. The system will not only detect the bad and good roads but it will
also classify it in a range according to how severe the condition of the road is after
analysis. We use physical components of the sensors and calibrate it according to a
particular vehicle. In the end, we acquire the optimized speed to travel from that
particular road to reduce the impact on the user.

The main motive that we are developing this system is that all of us travel a lot on
two-wheelers every day, so we also face a lot of body tissues such as back pain, neck
issues etc. Currently, there is no system that can analyze all of these issues at a single
time. So we came up with this idea.

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 Acknowledgements

It gives us great pleasure in presenting the preliminary project report on

“​Road Condition Monitoring with grading system​’’​.

I would like to take this opportunity to thank my internal guide ​Prof. Pravin
Nimbalkar​ for giving me all the help and guidance I needed. I am really grateful to them
for their kind support. Their valuable suggestions were very helpful.

I am also grateful to ​Dr.Devendra Gadekar​, Head of Computer Engineering

Department, CollegeName for his indispensable support, suggestions.

In the end our special thanks to ​Prof. Himanshu Joshi​ and ​Dr.Nilesh Sable​ for
providing various resources such as laboratory with all needed software platforms,
continuous Internet connection, for Our Project.

Saurabh Jadhav
Saurabh Zingade
Tanvesh Takawale
Veermahesh Dhanunkula

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SYNOPSIS
1.1 PROJECT TITLE
1.2 PROJECT OPTION
1.3 INTERNAL GUIDE
1.5 TECHNICAL KEYWORDS (AS PER ACM KEYWORDS)
1.6 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.7 ABSTRACT
1.8 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
1.9 RELEVANT MATHEMATICS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROJECT
1.10 NAMES OF CONFERENCES / JOURNALS WHERE PAPERS CAN BE
PUBLISHED
1.11 REVIEW OF CONFERENCE/JOURNAL PAPERS SUPPORTING PROJECT
IDEA

TECHNICAL KEYWORDS
2.1 AREA OF PROJECT
2.2 TECHNICAL KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION
3.1 PROJECT IDEA
3.2 MOTIVATION OF THE PROJECT
3.3 LITERATURE SURVEY

PROBLEM DEFINITION AND SCOPE

4.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT
4.1.1 Goals and objectives
4.1.2 Statement of scope
4.2 SOFTWARE CONTEXT
4.3 MAJOR CONSTRAINTS
4.4 METHODOLOGIES OF PROBLEM SOLVING AND EFFICIENCY ISSUES
4.5 SCENARIO IN WHICH MULTI-CORE, EMBEDDED AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
USED
4.6 OUTCOME
4.7 APPLICATIONS
4.8 HARDWARE RESOURCES REQUIRED

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 4.9 SOFTWARE RESOURCES REQUIRED

PROJECT PLAN
5.1 PROJECT ESTIMATES
5.1.1 Reconciled Estimates
5.1.1.1 Cost Estimate
5.1.1.2 Time Estimates
5.1.2 Project Resources
5.2 RISK MANAGEMENT W.R.T. NP HARD ANALYSIS
5.2.1 Risk Identification
5.2.2 Risk Analysis
5.2.3 Overview of Risk Mitigation, Monitoring, Management
5.3 PROJECT SCHEDULE
5.4 TEAM ORGANIZATION
5.4.1 Team structure
5.4.2 Management reporting and communication

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION (SRS IS TO BE PREPARED USING

RELEVANT MATHEMATICS DERIVED AND SOFTWARE ENGG. INDICATORS IN ANNEX A
AND B)
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.1.1 Purpose and Scope of Document
6.1.2 Overview of responsibilities of Developer
6.2 USAGE SCENARIO
6.2.3 Use Case View
6.3 DATA MODEL AND DESCRIPTION
6.3.1 Data Description
6.3.2 Data objects and Relationships
6.4 FUNCTIONAL MODEL AND DESCRIPTION
6.4.1 Data Flow Diagram
6.4.1.1 Level 2 Data Flow Diagram
6.4.2 Description of functions
6.4.3 Activity Diagram:
6.4.3 State Diagram:

DETAILED DESIGN DOCUMENT USING APPENDIX A AND B

7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
7.3 DATA DESIGN (USING APPENDICES A AND B)
7.3.1 Internal software data structure

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 7.3.2 Global data structure
7.3.3 Temporary data structure
7.4 COMPONENT DESIGN
7.4.1 Class Diagram

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

LABORATORY ASSIGNMENTS ON PROJECT ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMIC DESIGN

LABORATORY ASSIGNMENTS ON PROJECT QUALITY AND RELIABILITY TESTING OF

PROJECT DESIGN

PROJECT PLANNER

REVIEWERS COMMENTS OF PAPER SUBMITTED

PLAGIARISM REPORT

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 CHAPTER 1

SYNOPSIS

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1.1 PROJECT TITLE

“Road Condition Monitoring with grading system”

1.2 PROJECT OPTION

This is not a sponsored project by any industry. It is solely an internal project.

1.3 INTERNAL GUIDE

Prof. Pravin Nimbalkar

1.4 SPONSORSHIP AND EXTERNAL GUIDE

No kind of Sponsorship and no help of any external guides.

1.5 TECHNICAL KEYWORDS (AS PER ACM KEYWORDS)

Classification, Data Analysis, Human Impact Analysis, Machine Learning, Optimized

Speed Acquisition, Predictive Analysis, Road Condition

1.6 PROBLEM STATEMENT

There is no way to determine whether the road that we are going to follow is in good
condition or not. So we are designing a system that can assist you to follow a better
road towards your destination containing less number of potholes bumpers etc. Along
with the optimised speed.

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1.7 ABSTRACT

Every day more than 4 million people in India drive two-wheelers. Most of them who
drive it are either rushing to the workplace, making deliveries etc. More than 20% of the
people who drive two-wheelers in the age group of 20-34 years have reported having
back pain mostly due to the bad road conditions that they face almost every day. Our
proposed system uses accelerometer, gyroscope and pressure sensors to detect the
condition of the road and classify it according to the intensity of how bad the road
condition is currently.

1.8 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

To help the user to take the best road available to the destination.

1.9 RELEVANT MATHEMATICS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROJECT

System Description​:

• ​Input:​ Only the destination where the user wants to go.

• ​Output:​ The best road available and the analysis after the journey is over.
Identify data structures, classes, divide and conquer strategies to exploit
distributed/parallel/concurrent processing, constraints.

• ​Functions​: Identify Objects, Morphisms, Overloading in functions, Functional

relations

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1.10 NAMES OF CONFERENCES / JOURNALS WHERE PAPERS CAN BE
PUBLISHED

• IEEE/ACM Conference/Journal 1

• Conferences/workshops in IITs

• Central Universities or SPPU Conferences

• IEEE/ACM Conference/Journal 2

1.11 REVIEW OF CONFERENCE/JOURNAL PAPERS SUPPORTING PROJECT

IDEA

1.) Jakob Eriksson, Lewis Girod, Bret Hull, Ryan Newton, Samuel Madden and Hari
Balakrishnan[1] proposed the idea about how the sensors equipped on a vehicle can
classify the road conditions. Various holes can be classified such as potholes, manholes
etc. This can help the government to determine which road needs more maintenance.

2.) Artis Mednis, Girts Strazdins, Reinholds Zviedris, Georgijs Kanonirs and Leo
Selavo[2] suggested that the accelerometer on the smartphone can help to detect a
pothole in the road. The detection is done using the value of the z-axis threshold value
with true positives as high as 90 per cent.

3.)Shivakumara BS and SridharV [4] performed experiments and Whole Body

Vibrations(WBV) due to the motorcycle played adverse effects on the human body.
They also mentioned the correlation between the frequency of vibration and the types.

4.)Jaimon Dennis Quadros, Suhas P and Vaishak N. L. [5] studied the variation of
displacement of various body parts for different terrains amplitudes and mentioned that
terrain amplitudes become ineffective above 8Hz frequency. By analysing the data they
stated that the ideal operating speed for the head, back, torso and thorax is31km/hand
for diaphragm, abdomen and pelvis is 49.60 km/h.

5.)Hsieh-Ching Chen, Wei-Chyuan Chen, Yung-Ping Liu, Chih-Yong Chen, Yi-Tsong

Pan [7] evaluated the predictions of various health risks of motorcycle riders. They
stated that alongside WBV other factors like ageing also constitute for health issues.
Vibration peak distributions are the result of vehicle speed.

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 CHAPTER 2

TECHNICAL KEYWORDS

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2.1 AREA OF PROJECT

Machine Learning, Internet of things and Application development

2.2 TECHNICAL KEYWORDS

1.) Classification
2.) Data Analysis
3.) Human Impact
4.) Analysis
5.) Machine Learning
6.) Optimized Speed Acquisition
7.) Predictive Analysis, Road Condition

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 CHAPTER 3

INTRODUCTION

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3.1 PROJECT IDEA

The system that we are proposing will classify the roads according to the severity
of the condition into a given range of categorical variables. The system will also acquire
a speed at which a user should drive on a particular road so that the person
experiences the least impact on the body as well as the vehicle.

The system will also help the authorities to keep track of the uneven road
conditions and plan the maintenance process beforehand. On the other hand when the
user’s vehicle maintenance costs can also be reduced due to the reduction of the
impact that the vehicle will experience on a daily basis

3.2 MOTIVATION OF THE PROJECT

The main motive that we are developing this system is that all of us travel a lot on
two-wheelers every day, so we also face a lot of body tissues such as back pain, neck
issues etc. Currently, there is no system that can analyze all of these issues at a single
time. So we came up with this idea.

3.3 LITERATURE SURVEY

1.) Jakob Eriksson, Lewis Girod, Bret Hull, Ryan Newton, Samuel Madden and Hari
Balakrishnan[1] proposed the idea about how the sensors equipped on a vehicle can
classify the road conditions. Various holes can be classified such as potholes, manholes
etc. This can help the government to determine which road needs more maintenance.

2.) Artis Mednis, Girts Strazdins, Reinholds Zviedris, Georgijs Kanonirs and Leo
Selavo[2] suggested that the accelerometer on the smartphone can help to detect a
pothole in the road. The detection is done using the value of the z-axis threshold value
with true positives as high as 90 per cent.

3.)Shivakumara BS and SridharV [4] performed experiments and Whole Body

Vibrations(WBV) due to the motorcycle played adverse effects on the human body.
They also mentioned the correlation between the frequency of vibration and the types.

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4.)Jaimon Dennis Quadros, Suhas P and Vaishak N. L. [5] studied the variation of
displacement of various body parts for different terrains amplitudes and mentioned that
terrain amplitudes become ineffective above 8Hz frequency. By analysing the data they
stated that the ideal operating speed for the head, back, torso and thorax is31km/hand
for diaphragm, abdomen and pelvis is 49.60 km/h.

5.)Hsieh-Ching Chen, Wei-Chyuan Chen, Yung-Ping Liu, Chih-Yong Chen, Yi-Tsong

Pan [7] evaluated the predictions of various health risks of motorcycle riders. They
stated that alongside WBV other factors like ageing also constitute for health issues.
Vibration peak distributions are the result of vehicle speed.

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 CHAPTER 4

PROBLEM DEFINITION AND SCOPE

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4.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

There is no way to determine whether the road that we are going to follow is in
good condition or not. So we are designing a system that can assist you to follow a
better road towards your destination containing less number of potholes bumpers etc.
Along with the optimised speed.

4.1.1 Goals and objectives

The system that we are proposing will classify the roads according to the severity
of the condition into a given range of categorical variables. The system will also acquire
a speed at which a user should drive on a particular road so that the person
experiences the least impact on the body as well as the vehicle.

The system will also help the authorities to keep track of the uneven road
conditions and plan the maintenance process beforehand. On the other hand when the
user’s vehicle maintenance costs can also be reduced due to the reduction of the
impact that the vehicle will experience on a daily basis

4.1.2 Statement of scope

Nowadays with the growth in the automobile industry, there has been an
increase in motorcycle daily use. In India, many individuals like to drive two-wheelers
to avoid traffic and reach to their daily workplaces or destinations in time. But due to
uneven road conditions, many users face discomfort while driving. Keeping track of bad
road conditions and also the speed bumps that are purposely laid down is not an easy
task. Maintenance of roads gets delayed due to this issue. While coming back to the
users, the users aren’t aware of what optimal speeds they should drive to experience
the lowest amount of impact or discomfort. If a user is aware of the situation then that
person can be prevented from various back-related issues.

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4.2 SOFTWARE CONTEXT

The software can be used and can help all the people who use two-wheelers on a
regular basis.

4.3 MAJOR CONSTRAINTS

Data collection is the most important thing in this. The more data we get, the more
analysis we can perform. Any constraints that will impact the manner in which the
software is to be specified, designed, implemented or tested will be noted as well.

4.4 METHODOLOGIES OF PROBLEM SOLVING AND EFFICIENCY ISSUES

The single problem can be solved by different solutions. This considers the
performance parameters for each approach. Thus considers the efficiency issues.

4.5 SCENARIO IN WHICH MULTI-CORE, EMBEDDED AND DISTRIBUTED

COMPUTING USED

There is no need to use multi-core architecture. A simple raspberry pie is enough for
data collection.

4.6 OUTCOME

The data analysis will provide the most efficient path and also help the user to analyze
what is the optimal speed.

4.7 APPLICATIONS

All the people using two-wheelers can easily install the device for analysis of the road
towards their destination.

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4.8 HARDWARE RESOURCES REQUIRED

We just require a simple raspberry pie just for collecting data that will be installed on the
bike itself. Other than this no other hardware device is required.

4.9 SOFTWARE RESOURCES REQUIRED

1.) Operating Systems: Raspbian, Windows and Ubuntu.

2.) IDE : Spyder, Pycharm.
3.) Programming Language: Python

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 CHAPTER 5

PROJECT PLAN

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5.1 PROJECT ESTIMATES

Use Waterfall model and associated streams derived from all the previous
sections. This will be beneficial for development.
We can also use other models but the waterfall model will be much more
cost-effective.
Consider sections 1,2, 3, 4 and 5( Annex A and B) for estimation.

5.1.1 Reconciled Estimates

5.1.1.1 Cost Estimate

The cost of the entire project will be around 5000 INR. The breakdown is like this:

Component Price(In INR)

Raspberry Pi 3000

Accelerometer + Gyroscope 250

Component Casket 250

Force Sensor 340

Wiring 200

Force Sensor Sheet 570

5.1.1.2 Time Estimates

We have prepared a deadline until early March. So we expect to complete our project
by the month of March.

5.1.2 Project Resources

Hardware resources have to be bought. We will do the configuration of the Raspberry Pi

and analysis of the data by our algorithms from scratch.

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5.2 RISK MANAGEMENT W.R.T. NP HARD ANALYSIS

This section discusses Project risks and the approach to managing them.

5.2.1 Risk Identification

For risks identification, review of scope document, requirements specifications and

schedule is done. Some of the risk questions and answers are

1. Are requirements fully understood by the software engineering team and its
customers?
➢ We are actually launching a product so no customers are involved in the starting
requirement phase. It is done by the core team itself.

2. Have customers been involved fully in the definition of requirements?

➢ As said previously, the customers are not involved from the beginning as we are
launching a product.

3. Do end-users have realistic expectations?

➢ Yes, the end-users will have a realistic and good experience.

4. Are project requirements stable?

➢ Yes, they are stable. If we get all the requirements i.e mostly the data, the
product will work efficiently.

5. Is the number of people on the project team adequate to do the job?

➢ Yes, we have divided the work adequately to do the work more efficiently.

6. Do all customer/user constituencies agree on the importance of the project and on

the requirements for the system/product to be built?
➢ If we explain what the product actually is, then they will surely agree on the
importance of this product

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5.2.2 Risk Analysis

​The risks for the Project can be analyzed within the constraints of time and quality

ID Risk Description Probability Impact

1. Failed to properly install the device on the Low High

bike by bad wiring

2. Collection and training of wrong data Low High

points

3. Algorithm parameter tuning Medium High

Table 5.1: Risk Table

Probability Value Description

High Probability of occurrence is > 75%

Medium Probability of occurrence is 26 − 75%

Low Probability of occurrence is < 25%

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 Table 5.2: Risk Probability definitions [1]

Impact Value Description

Very high > 10% Schedule impact or Unacceptable quality

High 5 − 10% Schedule impact or Some parts of the project have low
quality

Medium < 5% Schedule impact or Barely noticeable degradation in

quality Low Impact on schedule or Quality can be
incorporated

5.2.3 Overview of Risk Mitigation, Monitoring, Management

Details for the risks

Risk ID 1

Risk Failed to properly install the device on the bike by bad wiring

Category Installation

Source Installation manual along with the device

Probability Low

Impact High

Response Mitigate

Strategy Instruct the user properly.

Risk Status Not Occurred

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 Risk ID 2

Risk Collection and training of wrong data points

Category Data Collection

Source Wrong working of hardware components

Probability Low

Impact High

Response Mitigate

Strategy Keep on checking on the collected data frequently.

Risk Status Not Occurred

Risk ID 3

Risk Algorithm parameter tuning

Category Development phase

Source Wrong parameters for the algorithms

Probability Medium

Impact High

Response Mitigate

Strategy Check with different parameters for the algorithms

Risk Status Not Occurred

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5.3 PROJECT SCHEDULE

Major Tasks in the Project stages are:

● D​ATA​ S​ENSING​ P​HASE

● DATA​ A​NALYSIS​ P​HASE​
● U​SER​ I​NTERACTION​ P​HASE

5.4 TEAM ORGANIZATION

The manner in which staff is organized and the mechanisms for reporting are noted.

5.4.1 Team structure

Saurabh Jadhav is the leader of the project group. He will assign tasks to every member
along with deadlines.

5.4.2 Management reporting and communication

Mechanisms for progress reporting and inter/intra team communication are identified as
per the assessment sheet and lab time table.

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 CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
SPECIFICATION (SRS IS TO BE
PREPARED USING RELEVANT
MATHEMATICS DERIVED AND
SOFTWARE ENGG. INDICATORS IN
ANNEX A AND B)

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6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.1.1 Purpose and Scope of Document

Nowadays with the growth in the automobile industry, there has been an
increase in motorcycle daily use. In India, many individuals like to drive two-wheelers to
avoid traffic and reach to their daily workplaces or destinations in time. But due to
uneven road conditions, many users face discomfort while driving. Keeping track of bad
road conditions and also the speed bumps that are purposely laid down is not an easy
task. Maintenance of roads gets delayed due to this issue. While coming back to the
users, the users aren’ t aware of what optimal speeds they should drive to experience
the lowest amount of impact or discomfort. If a user is aware of the situation then that
person can be prevented from various back-related issues.

6.1.2 Overview of responsibilities of Developer

The developer will choose the proper parameters for our machine learning
algorithm. They will also work on making the user interface app for android to check on
the results.

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6.2 USAGE SCENARIO

This section provides various usage scenarios for the system to be developed

6.2.2 Use-cases
Sr.no. Use Case Description Actors Assumptions

1. Main use case Contains all the data that is System Data points are
collected along with the collected
algorithms correctly.

2. Main use case The user looks for the data User Looks for the
that it requires from the correct needed
system data.

6.2.3 Use Case View

Use Case Diagram for our particular project

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6.3 DATA MODEL AND DESCRIPTION

6.3.1 Data Description

The data will be collected on the basis of the 3 axes that are X, Y and Z-axis.
Along with these also the latitude and longitude coordinates will be calculated so that
we can track the location on the map.

6.3.2 Data objects and Relationships

Data objects and their major attributes and relationships among data objects are
described using an ERD- like form.

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6.4 FUNCTIONAL MODEL AND DESCRIPTION

A description of each major software function, along with data flow (structured analysis)
or class hierarchy (Analysis Class diagram with class description for the object-oriented
system) is presented. This is similar to the activity diagram.

6.4.1 Data Flow Diagram

6.4.1.1 Level 2 Data Flow Diagram

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6.4.2 Description of functions

1.)Find user: Authenticate the user with password.

2.)Check route: Look for the most optimal route that is currently available within the
data.

3.)Fetch user analytics: The user will get a personalized route which will be optimal
according to the system.
4.)Drive mode: This will help the system to gather more and more data which is not
currently within the system.

6.4.3 Activity Diagram:

• The Activity diagram represents the steps taken

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6.4.4 State Diagram:

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 CHAPTER 7

DETAILED DESIGN DOCUMENT

USING APPENDIX A AND B

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7.1 INTRODUCTION

The unit consisting of the hardware components will be mounted onto the
motorcycle. The data will be collected and will be posted to the cloud storage for further
analysis. The deliverables mean the analysis of the impact that the human’s body
undergoes and also the road condition classification. The optimal speed will be shown
for a particular road onto the mobile application when it is under-drive mode.

7.2 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

This is the architecture of the system.

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7.3 DATA DESIGN (USING APPENDICES A AND B)

A description of all data structures including internal, global, and temporary data
structures, database design (tables), file formats.

7.3.1 Internal software data structure

The data will be stored in the form of the CSV file. This CSV file will contain everything
along with the details that are required.

7.3.2 Global data structure

The data along the z-axis and the latitude and longitude coordinates are the most
important for us to analyze the data. This will be used here.

7.3.3 Temporary data structure

The coordinates will be displayed according to the user. It will be different for each
user.

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7.4 COMPONENT DESIGN

The class diagram gives us an idea about how the application will work on a detailed
level.

7.4.1 Class Diagram

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 CHAPTER 8

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

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 We have proposed a system to analyze the discomfort experienced by the user
while driving a two-wheeler on the road having irregularities such as uneven surfacing
or the inclusion of potholes. Our system also predicts the optimal speed at which the
user should drive to avoid any health effects caused by the WBV i.e. Whole Body
Vibrations experienced by the user.

The proposed system would guide the user in terms of optimal speed and the
precautions the user needs to take while driving on a particular route. The government
authorities who play an imperative role in the development of road infrastructure will
benefit from the data provided by us and make the necessary improvements on roads
so that the user’s comfort parameter is satisfied.

Two-wheelers are common in India and our system equips vital features to
provide a comfortable and hassle-free ride on the roads.

The complex algorithms and computing reside on the cloud and the user just
needs to install our android application which is connected to the cloud. The user can
easily get the analysis through the application. The only thing that the user needs to do
is provide the destination and they will get the most optimal route.

Our system is economical and mainly targets in providing the effects caused by
bad roads on the user driving the vehicle. The user gets aware of the impact roads are
causing him/her.

The efficiency of the system increases as the data is collected from various
locations increases. The classification algorithms also perform better when multiple sets
of distinct data is provided and the analysis in-turn will become more accurate.

The algorithm will keep on updating the optimized speeds for a particular span of
the roads as many users will be driving on it. As the road conditions will change from
time to time so the algorithm will adapt through new road conditions and provide the
optimized speed accordingly. This will be done by continuously collecting the data from
the user. Also, the data will be constantly kept on updating on the cloud.

The system will not only detect the bad road conditions but also classify them in
the range of severity levels. This will help the user to draw better insights prior to driving
and make necessary calculations to select a particular route.

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 CHAPTER 9

REFERENCES

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[1] Jakob Eriksson, Lewis Girod, Bret Hull, Ryan Newton, Samuel Madden, Hari
Balakrishnan, “ThePotholePatrol: Using a Mobile Sensor Network for Road Surface
Monitoring.”

[2] Artis Mednis, Girts Strazdins, Reinholds Zviedris, Georgijs Kanonirs, Leo Selavo,
“Real-Time Pothole Detection using AndroidSmartphones with Accelerometers.”

[3] Umang Bhatt, Shouvik Mani, Edgar Xi, J. Zico Kolter, “Intelligent Pothole Detection
and Road Condition Assessment.”

[4] D. P. Gadekar, N. P. Sable, A. H. Raut, “Exploring Data Security Scheme into

Cloud Using Encryption Algorithms” International Journal of Recent Technology and
Engineering (IJRTE), Published By Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences
Publication, ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-2, July2019, DOI:
10.35940/ijrte.B2504.078219, SCOPUS Journal.

[5] Sable Nilesh Popat*, Y. P. Singh,” Efficient Research on the Relationship Standard
Mining Calculations in Data Mining” in Journal of Advances in Science and Technology |
Science & Technology, Vol.14, Issue No. 2, September-2017, ISSN 2230-9659.

[6] Sable Nilesh Popat*, Y. P. Singh,” Analysis and Study on the Classifier Based Data
Mining Methods” in Journal of Advances in Science and Technology | Science &
Technology, Vol. 14, Issue No. 2, September-2017, ISSN 2230-9659.

[7] Shivakumara BS, Sridhar V, “Study of vibration and its effect on the health of the
motorcycle rider.”

[8] Jaimon Dennis Quadros, Suhas P, Vaishak N.L, “A numerical study for
determining the ideal operating speed for a two-wheeler rider on varying terrain
amplitudes.”

[9] N.K Khamis, B.M Deros, M.Z Nuawi, “Understanding the Effect of Discomfort Level
towards Motorcycle Riders among Teenagers: A Preliminary Study.”

[10] Hsieh-Ching Chen, Wei-Chyuan Chen, Yung-Ping Liu, Chih-Yong Chen, Yi-Tsong
Pan, “Whole-body vibration exposure experienced by motorcycle riders - An evaluation
according to ISO 2631-1 and ISO 2631-5 standards.”

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 ANNEXURE A

LABORATORY ASSIGNMENTS ON
PROJECT ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMIC
DESIGN

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Mobile App Basic UI:
Login and Registration:

Dashboard and Drawer

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Analysis of real data:

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 ANNEXURE B

LABORATORY ASSIGNMENTS ON
PROJECT QUALITY AND RELIABILITY
TESTING OF PROJECT DESIGN

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 Classifying the requirements into functional and non-functional requirements.
Functional requirements (FRs) specify the software functionality that the developer must
build into the product to enable users to accomplish their tasks, thereby satisfying the
business requirements. Non-functional requirement is those requirements which are not
directly concerned with the specific functions delivered by the system.

Defect detection activities like reviews and testing help in identifying the defects
in the artefacts (deliverables). These defects must be classified into various buckets
before carrying out the root cause analysis. Following are some the defect Categories:

1. Logical

2. User interface

3. Maintainability

4. Standards

Enhancements are the introduction of new features to the software and might be
released in different versions. Whenever a version is released, regression testing
should be done on the system to ensure that the existing features have not been
disturbed.

To understand the usage of software metrics. There are some metrics which are
fundamental and the rest can be derived from these. Examples of basic (fundamental)
measures are Size, Effort, Defect, Schedule. If the fundamental measures are known,
then we can derive others. For example, if size and effort are known, we can get
Productivity (=size/effort). If the total numbers of defects are known we can get the
Quality (=defect/size).

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 ANNEXURE C

PROJECT PLANNER

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 The following table gives an idea about the timeline of the project

Sr.No Task Expected Deadline

1 Collection of Data December

2 Building the algorithms Mid-January

3 Cloud connectivity Mid-February

4 Application Development February End

5 Parameter Tuning Mid-March

This is the expected timeline of the project. This is how the team members will work with
respect to their particular tasks.

Sr.No Name Main Task

1 Saurabh Jadhav Android Application Development

2 Saurabh Zingade Data Collection and Algorithm Parameter Tuning

3 Tanvesh Takawale Building the algorithm

4 VeerMahesh Dhaninkula Cloud connectivity

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 Gantt Chart

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 ANNEXURE D

REVIEWERS COMMENTS OF PAPER

SUBMITTED

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1. Paper Title:​ ​“​Road Condition Monitoring with grading system​”

2. Name of the Conference/Journal where paper submitted: ​IJERT(​International

Journal of Engineering Research & Technology​)

3. Paper accepted/rejected: ​In Process

4. Review comments by reviewer: ​None

5. Corrective actions if any: ​None

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 ANNEXURE E

PLAGIARISM REPORT

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 We checked plagiarism from ​http://plagiarisma.net/​.

We found out that our paper is unique.

91% Unique

Total 14519 chars (​2000 limit exceeded​) , 272 words, 3 unique sentence(s).

The only match paper is our self paper that is published in IJERT.

This is the message that they provided:

Top plagiarizing domains: ijert.org (1 matches) and displayed our

paper that we previously published.

Hence, we conclude that are paper is unique and out idea too is too one of its
kind.

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 CERTIFICATE OF PUBLICATION

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