Institute of Technology, Nirma University

B.Tech. All Branches, First Year

2SP103 Critical Thinking
Assignment for Sessional Examination

Last Date of Submission: February 15, 2021

Max Marks: 40

Roll No: __20EEE008 (Sankalp Shandilya) __________________

Instructions:
1. All Questions are compulsory.
2. There are total 8 Questions.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Write answers in the space given below the questions only.
5. Briefly Justify your answers with proper logic/reasons.
5. Assume suitable data /information if required.

Q-No Question/Problem Statement Marks

Q-1 Eight friends-Romil, Ramesh, Rakesh, Rohit, Rahul, Abhijeet, Abhishek and Anil- are 05
sitting around a circular table, but not necessarily in the same order, Four of them are
facing inside and the other four are facing outside. All eight friends belong to eight
different cities-Bhopal, Patna, Kolkata, Delhi, Gwalior, Bengaluru, Chennai and Rajkot-
but not necessarily in the same order.
Abhijeet faces the centre and sits third to the right of Rakesh, Rohit belongs to Kolkata
and faces the person who belongs to Bengaluru. Abhishek sits third to the right of
Ramesh, who stays in Bhopal. The person who belongs to Delhi is facing the same
direction as the person who belongs to Gwalior. Rahul is sitting between the person
who belongs to Kolkata and the one from Rajkot respectively. Romil belongs to Gwalior
and Rakesh belongs to Patna. The person who belongs to Chennai is facing outwards
and immediate neighbor of the person who belongs to Rajkot. Anil is the immediate
neighbor of the persons who belong to Gwalior and Chennai. Rahul is on the immediate
left of Rohit.

Answer the following on the basis of information given above:

I. Which of the following friends belongs to Bengaluru?

1. Romil
2. Rohit
3. Anil
4. Abhishek
5. Rahul

II. Who are immediate neighbors of Romil?

1. Ramesh and Rakesh
2. Rahul and Rohit
3. Anil and Ramesh
4. Abhishek and Rahul
5. Rohit and Abhijeet

III. Which of the following pairs is true?

1. Romil-Bhopal
2SP103 Critical Thinking Special Assignment February 2021 1
 2. Anil-Bengaluru
3. Rohit-Delhi
4. Abhijeet-Delhi
5. Abhishek-Patna

IV. What is the position of Ramesh with respect to Rahul?

1. Third to the right
2. Fourth to the left
3. Fifth to the right
4. Second to the right
5. Third to the left

V. If Rohit and Anil interchange their positions and similarly Abhijeet and Rakesh
interchange their positions then what is the position of Romil with respect to
Rakesh?
1. Third to the left
2. Third to the right
3. Second to the left
4. Immediate left
5. None of these
Ans-1 This question can be simplified by making a circle and jotting down all the information
needed. It might take 2 or 3 attempts to do this question by trial and error and some
logical reasoning. The friends who are facing each other are sitting on the opposite ends
of the diameter. Since Anil is the immediate neighbor of the persons who belong to
Gwalior and Chennai, they all are sitting consecutively and Anil is sitting in between
those two. Ramesh belongs to Bhopal and faces inside. Romil belongs to Gwalior and
faces outside. Anil belongs to Bengaluru and faces inside. Abhishek belongs to Chennai
and faces outside. Abhijeet belongs to Rajkot and faces inside. Rahul belongs to Delhi
and faces outside. Rohit belongs to Kolkata and faces inside. Rakesh belongs to Patna
and faces outside.

Justification: _____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Q-2 Seven persons P, Q, R, S, T, V and W are attending the interview on seven different days 05
of the same week starting from Monday to Sunday. They all are wearing different
colours of shirts for the interview viz., White, Orange, Blue, Red, Green, Yellow and
Violet but not necessary in the same order. Two persons attend the interview between
the one who wears Orange coloured shirt and Q, who does not attend on Monday. Q
attends the interview before the one who wears Orange coloured shirt, who does not
attend the interview on the last day of the week. P attends the interview immediately
before the one who wears Orange coloured shirt. Only one person attends the
interview between P and the one who wears Red coloured shirt. As many people attend
the interview before the one who wears Red coloured shirt is the same as the persons
who attend the interview after W. Three persons attend the interview between S and
the one who wears Blue coloured shirt, who attends the interview one of the days
before P. The one who wears White coloured shirt attends the interview immediately

2SP103 Critical Thinking Special Assignment February 2021 2

 after S. Only one person attends the interview between R and the one who wears
Yellow coloured shirt. V does not wear a Yellow coloured shirt. P does not wear a Violet
coloured shirt.

Answer the following on the basis of information given above:

I. If T is related to Orange and S is related to Violet in a certain way. Then, P is

related to which of the following?
1. Green
2. White
3. Yellow
4. Red
5. Blue

II. How many people attend the interview between W and the one who wears
Green coloured shirt?
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. None

III. Who among the following persons attended the interview on Monday?
1. The one who wears Red coloured shirt
2. V
3. The one who wears Orange coloured shirt
4. R
5. None of them

IV. Which of the following statements is true?

1. T attends the interview after W
2. V wears White coloured shirt
3. The one wears Green coloured shirt attend the interview in Thursday
4. S attends the interview immediately after Q
5. Only two persons attend the interview between P and S

V. P wears which of the following coloured shirts?

1. Orange
2. White
3. Blue
4. Cannot be determined
5. Green
Ans-2 R wears blue coloured shirt and attends the interview on Monday. V wears Violet
coloured shirt and attends the interview on Sunday. W wears white coloured shirt and
attends the interview on Saturday. S wears orange coloured shirt and attends the
interview on Friday. P wears green coloured shirt and attends the interview on
Thursday. T wears yellow coloured shirt and attends the interview on Wednesday. Q
wears red coloured shirt and attends the interview on Tuesday.

2SP103 Critical Thinking Special Assignment February 2021 3

 Justification: _____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Q-3 There are 7 people namely viz P, Q, R, S, T, U and V who play a game, each one throws a 05
dice with numbers 1-6, then picks a card and then performs a particular activity. A
number on the dice is repeated only once. And each activity is performed by not more
than 2 people. There are 4 activities namely singing, dancing, acting and mimicry. All
four cards color i.e. Hearts, Spade, Club and Diamond are picked by the people and not
more than 2 people picked the same color card.

U gets a 5 and performs the same activity as that of P. S gets a number between the
number held by Q and P. P gets a number less than V. V performs acting and gets the
same number on dice as that of R. The one who gets 3 does not get a spade. The one
who gets the lowest number performs dancing. P either performs singing or dancing. T
gets a 6 on the dice and opens a card of hearts and performs dancing. The one who gets
a club does not perform singing. Only one of the persons who sing gets a spade. Those
who get club, get the lowest two numbers. Q and S get the same card. The one who
gets a diamond card performs mimicry and is the only one to get this card and perform
this activity.

Answer the following on the basis of information given above:

I. Which of the following statements is true?

1. P gets 3 and does dancing
2. S gets 2 and a club card
3. V doesn’t get a spade
4. V and S get the same number
5. None of the above

II. Who among the following gets a Club card?

1. T
2. V
3. R & P
4. P
5. Q & S

III. Who among the following does mimicry?

1. R
2. the one who gets 3
3. U
4. S
5. Cannot be determined

IV. Which of the following activities is performed by the one who gets a 2 on the
dice?
1. singing
2. dancing
3. acting
4. mimicry
5. Either (1) or (2)

V. Who among the following gets a spade card?

2SP103 Critical Thinking Special Assignment February 2021 4
 1. P
2. U
3. R
4. Q
5. Either P or U
Ans-3 This question can be simplified by making a table and jotting down all the information
needed. It might take 2 or 3 attempts to do this question by trial and error and some
logical reasoning. There can be a maximum of 2 same activities and 2 same color card. U
and P perform the same activity. S gets a number between the number held by Q and P.
P gets a number less than V. V gets the same number on dice as that of R. Therefore,
Q<S<P<V=R. It is clearly evident that R does mimicry since an activity can be done only
twice. S=2 and Q=1. S gets a 2 and performs acting. While U gets a 1 and gets a spade
card.

Justification: _____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Q-4 Aman starts the Car A from point Z and moving towards north direction for 5 km to 05
reach point L. After that he took a right turn and rides for 9 km to reach point M. Then
he took a right turn and rides for 3 km to reach point N. Finally, he took a left turn and
rides for 5 km to reach point O. Suman starts the Car B from point X, which is located in
south of point N with 3 km distance. He moving towards south direction for 2 km to
reach point K and he took a right and rides for 5 km to reach point J. From here, he took
a left turn and rides for 3km to reach point I. After that he took a right turn and rides for
6 km to reach point H. Finally, he is moving towards north from point H for 6 km to
reach point G.
i) What is the shortest distance between the points J and O?
a) 5√2 km
b) 5√5 m
c) 2√5 km
d) 5√5 km
e) 5√3 m
ii) What is direction of point M with respect to the Suman’s final position?
a) Northeast
b) Southwest
c) North
d) Northwest
e) Southeast
iii) If Ram starts Car C from point I towards east direction for 10 km to reach point F,
then what is the shortest distance and direction of point F with respect to the Aman’s
final position?
a) 10 km and South
b) 10 km and North
c) 8 km and South
d) 12 km and North
e) None of these
Ans-4 This question can be easily solved by plotting the path of the car. To find the distance

2SP103 Critical Thinking Special Assignment February 2021 5

 between J and O we simply need to find the length of hypotenuse of 2 triangles. Point F
lies vertically south of Point O at a distance of 8KM.

Justification: _____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Q-5 a) An argument with good form can still contain an informal fallacy. (T/F) Say True 05
or False with Justification
b) Why is it important to be able to understand and identify fallacies? Choose Most
Appropriate Answer.
a. So We can win arguments.
b. So that we can correct any defects in our reasoning.
c. So that we can coerce others into believing our claims.
Ans-5
 a) True. Informal fallacies are difficult to spot and there are so many ways to
have insufficient, irrelevant, or ambiguous evidence which fails to warrant the
conclusion; and judging this this can take on a degree of subjectivity that never
enters into the evaluation of deductive arguments. 

b) b. It is very important to understand and identify fallacies because it can create a lot
of misunderstanding. It can also trick us to believe in something else by using deceptive
reasoning. It can alter our thinking as well as our decisions.

Justification: _____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Q-6 a) An argument can contain both a formal and an informal fallacy. (T/F) Say True or 05
False with Justification.
b) Determine what kind of fallacy is exemplified by the following argument: (1) A
foot is 12 inches; (2) Most people have feet; (C) Most people's feet are 12
inches. Choose Most Appropriate Answer
a. Formal
b. Informal
Ans-6 a) False, because Formal fallacies are structural error in a deductive argument and
Informal fallacies are substantive error in an inductive argument. Since an argument can
be either deductive or inductive it will have either formal or informal fallacy.

b) Formal. This is an example of ‘Affirming the Consequent’.

Justification: _____________________________________________________________

2SP103 Critical Thinking Special Assignment February 2021 6

 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Q-7 a) This logical fallacy is illustrated by the sentence "Ms. Sih is a forceful speaker, so 05
she will be an outstanding mayor." Choose Most Appropriate Answer
a. Emotional Appeal
b. Begging a Question
c. Irrelevant Argument
d. Red Herring
b) This logical fallacy means citing the opinion of an "expert" who has no claim to
expertise about the subject at hand. Choose Most Appropriate Answer
a. Emotional Appeal
b. False Authority
c. Irrelevant Argument
d. Red Herring
Ans-7 a) This fallacy is ‘Irrelevant Argument’ because there is no connection between a
forceful speaker and an outstanding mayor. It is totally irrelevant to assume that a
forceful speaker will become an outstanding mayor.

b) This fallacy is False Authority because we are citing his opinion and have assumed
that expert is very well acquainted with the subject but we have no facts or logical data
to prove that he is an expert of the subject.

Justification: _____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Q-8 Find at least 02 (Two) examples of the fallacies from everyday life (newspapers, 05
magazines, TV, radio, the Internet, and so on). Collect your examples and present in
your responses. For each example indicate where you found the fallacy and give a brief
explanation why you think it commits the fallacy.
Ans-8 EXAMPLE 1
The first example consists of a Formal Fallacy from my day-to-day life.
P1: If I’m spending too much time with my girlfriend, then I will fail in my exams.
P2: I fail in my exams.
C: I’m spending too much time with my girlfriend.
This is an example of ‘Affirming the Consequent’ which has happened in my life. This is
what my mom thought when I failed in my exams. But this argument commits a fallacy
and this is not totally true. It’s not necessary that If I fail in my exams It is only because
of me spending too much time with my girlfriend. I might have not studied hard
enough, or I might have fell sick during the exams and couldn’t prepare for it well. There
can be thousands of reasons for my distraction and it is not necessarily my girlfriend.
The distractions can be my friends, my phone or me binging a web series a night before
my exams.
EXAMPLE 2
The second example consists of an Informal fallacy from my day-to-day life.
One day when I was not studying for my exams and watching movies all day, my mom
came to my room and started scolding me. She said if I don’t study hard enough for my

2SP103 Critical Thinking Special Assignment February 2021 7

exams, I won’t score good marks. If I won’t score good marks I won’t get into a good
college and will not get a good job. If I won’t get a good job I won’t be financially
independent and will not have all the facilities. And If I won’t earn a lot of money, I will
not live a happy life.
This is an example of Slippery Slope. This argument is not totally true and hence
commits a fallacy. It is not necessary that If I take a break from my study I won’t be able
to score good marks. Even after not getting a good college it doesn’t mean I won’t get a
good job because nowadays companies are more concerned about the skillsets and
qualities possessed by a person rather than his degree. Some people can make a living
even after having a small job. They don’t need a lot of money to be financially
independent. At last it is not necessary that one can only be happy if he has a lot of
money in his bank account. Many people like Jack Ma, Elon Musk, Steve Jobs, etc have
had a wonderful and successful life even after not getting into a good college.

Justification: _____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2SP103 Critical Thinking Special Assignment February 2021 8